这篇文章的共同创作者是 Damaris Vega, MD. Damaris Vega博士是一位认证内分泌医生,毕业于波多黎各庞塞天主教大学,获得了普通科学理科学士学位,之后有获得了庞塞医学院的医学博士学位。在医学院就读期间,她就担任了Alpha Omega Alpha医学荣誉协会的主席,并被选为该校在美国医学院学会的代表。Vega博士之后在德克萨斯大学西南医学中心完成了内科住院实习,以及内分泌科、糖尿病、矿物质和新陈代谢科的专科培训。她出色的病患护理多次获得国家质量保证委员会认可,并获得了2008、2009和2015年的病患选择奖。Vega博士是美国临床内分泌科医生协会的会员,同时也是美国临床内分泌科医生协会、美国糖尿病协会和内分泌协会的活跃会员。她还是Houston Endocrinology Center的创始人和首席执行官,并且是Juno Research有限责任公司多项临床试验的主要研究者。
本文引用了23条参考,详情参见页面底部。
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催乳素是由脑下垂体分泌的激素,以促进生长和调节新陈代谢。男人和女人都会分泌催乳素,催乳素水平过高可导致性欲低下、月经不调或停经等问题。[1] 许多因素会导致催乳素水平过高,包括一些处方药、良性肿瘤和甲状腺功能减退,所以一定要就医检查,获取正确的诊断。
步骤
- 检查你目前服用的处方药。有些处方药会导致催乳素水平上升。如果你目前有服用下面其中一种药物,它可能是你催乳素过高的罪魁祸首。[2]
- 大脑分泌的神经递质多巴胺会抑制催乳素的分泌。如果你有吃抑制或降低多巴胺水平的药,催乳素水平可能会上升。
- 有些抗精神病药物能达到上述作用,比如利培酮、吗茚酮、 三氟拉嗪、氟哌啶醇和某些抗抑郁药。用于治疗严重恶心和胃酸反流的甲氧氯普胺(商品名胃复安),也会增加催乳素的分泌。
- 虽然比较少见,但是有几种降压药也可能导致催乳素水平过高,其中包括利血平、 维拉帕米和甲基多巴。
- 和医生讨论停药或换药。不要突然停药,尤其是会引起严重戒断症状的抗精神病药。想要停药,必须先和医生讨论。
- 他们或许可以给你换一种不会提高催乳素水平的药。
- 和医生商量改用阿立哌唑治疗精神病。研究显示用阿立哌唑代替或辅助其它抗精神病药物时,催乳素水平也会随之下降。询问医生阿立哌唑是否适合你。[3]广告
- 验血检查催乳素水平。如果你认为自己的催乳素水平过高,医生会给你做检查。最好的方法就是验血。医生会让你空腹验血,检查之前必须禁食8小时。[6]
- 如果你出现月经失调或停经、不育、勃起问题、性欲低下和乳房胀痛等症状,医生可能会让你做这项检查。
- 非妊娠期妇女的正常催乳素水平介于5-40 ng/dL(106-850 mIU/L),妊娠期妇女的正常催乳素水平介于80-400 ng/dL(1700-8500 mIU/L)。
- 男性的正常催乳素水平低于20 ng/dL(425 mIU/L)。
- 医生可能还会通过验血,确认你没有肾病或其它会提高催乳素水平的疾病。
- 如果你最近胸部受过伤,一定要告诉医生。胸部受伤会导致催乳素水平暂时升高。如果胸部在过去数周受过伤,一定要通知医生。胸部起荨麻诊或带状疱疹,也会造成催乳素水平升高。[7]
- 胸部受伤导致的催乳素水平上升通常会自行恢复正常。
- 检查是否患有甲状腺功能减退,也就是甲状腺素分泌不足。这种情况可能导致催乳素水平升高。医生会通过血液检测来诊断甲状腺功能减退。[8]
- 一般来说,当医生注意到你的催乳素水平过高,都会检查甲状腺功能,不过你自己主动问一问也无妨。
- 医生通常会用左旋甲状腺素等药物治疗甲状腺功能减退。
- 询问医生你是否适合注射维生素B6。有时候,一剂维生素B6就足以降低催乳素水平,尤其是如果它们只是暂时升高。最好采取静脉注射或肌肉注射的方式,所以一定要问问医生。[9]
- 常用剂量是300毫克。医护人员会将它注射到静脉,或是腿部、臀部的大肌肉。
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参考
- ↑ https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/endocrine-diseases/prolactinoma
- ↑ https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/endocrine-diseases/prolactinoma
- ↑ https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0920996408004362
- ↑ http://www.sussexpartnership.nhs.uk/sites/default/files/documents/hyperprolactinaemia_glines_-_final_-_0414.pdf
- ↑ https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a603012.html#side-effects
- ↑ https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003718.htm
- ↑ https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003718.htm
- ↑ https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/endocrine-diseases/prolactinoma
- ↑ https://academic.oup.com/jcem/article-abstract/42/3/603/2684599?redirectedFrom=fulltext
- ↑ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19789214
- ↑ https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/integrative-medicine/herbs/ashwagandha
- ↑ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1490755
- ↑ https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements-vitamin-e/art-20364144
- ↑ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2753470
- ↑ https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements-zinc/art-20366112
- ↑ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20563862
- ↑ https://med.virginia.edu/neurosurgery/services/pituitary-tumor-program/pituitary-tumor-frequently-asked-questions/
- ↑ http://pituitary.ucla.edu/prolactinoma
- ↑ http://pituitary.ucla.edu/prolactinoma
- ↑ https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/endocrine-diseases/prolactinoma
- ↑ https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/neurosurgery/specialties/neuroendocrine/conditions/prolactinoma.aspx
- ↑ https://med.virginia.edu/neurosurgery/services/pituitary-tumor-program/pituitary-tumor-frequently-asked-questions/
- ↑ http://pesimsr.pes.edu/obgyan/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Hyperprolactinaemia-and-female-reproductive-function-what-does-the-evidence-say.pdf
- ↑ http://pituitary.ucla.edu/prolactinoma
- ↑ http://pesimsr.pes.edu/obgyan/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Hyperprolactinaemia-and-female-reproductive-function-what-does-the-evidence-say.pdf
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