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你肯定知道大晴天防晒霜和沙滩更配的道理。但皮肤科医生其实建议,就算是在冬天,外出时间超过20分钟都需要擦防晒霜。[1] 不管是阴天还是躲在阴凉处,防晒霜都是必不可少的,因为来自太阳的紫外线只需15分钟就能伤害皮肤,[2] 而这些伤害可能导致皮肤癌。
步骤
- 看SPF值。SPF是防晒系数的意思,是指可以抵御UVB(户外紫外线)的时间。SPF系数是由涂了防晒霜后的晒伤时间和未涂防晒霜的晒伤时间对比得来的。[3]
- 举个例子,防晒系数为30的意思是,涂了防晒霜后皮肤抵御紫外线不被晒伤的时间是没涂防晒霜时的30倍。[4] 所以,如果你平时在太阳底下五分钟就晒伤了,那么涂了30倍的防晒霜后,你在外活动150分钟(30 x 5)后才会被晒伤。但是,每个人的肤质不同,防晒霜的实际作用时间会根据你的活动、太阳强度等因素改变。所以有的人可能会需要比别人多擦一点防晒霜。
- 防晒系数很容易让人误解,让人觉得系数越高防晒能力就越强。其实不是这样的,SPF60的防晒霜防晒能力并不是SPF30的两倍。SPF15的防晒霜能抵挡94%的UVB射线,SPF30的能抵挡97%的射线,而SPF45的能抵挡98%的射线。没有任何一种防晒霜能百分之百地抵御UVB射线。[5]
- 美国皮肤医学学会推荐使用30及30倍以上的防晒霜。[6] 倍数特别高的防晒霜其实和普通的防晒霜并没有多大的区别,没有必要花多的钱购买。
- 根据喜好选择防晒霜,有的人用防晒喷雾,有的人用防晒啫喱或者质地更厚的防晒霜。但不管你用什么,都要均匀地涂上厚厚的一层。擦防晒霜这一步和防晒指数等等因素一样重要:如果你擦得不正确,防晒霜也起不了用。[13]
- 防嗮喷雾最适合有毛发的部位,而乳霜通常最适合干燥皮肤。而含酒精或凝胶防晒霜比较适合油性皮肤。
- 市面上还可以买到防晒棒,最适合眼周肌肤使用。这对儿童来说通常是不错的选择,因为这样就能避免眼睛接触到防晒霜。它们还有不容易溅撒的优点,可以放心地放进钱包里,而且涂抹的时候还不用弄到手上。
- 抗水防晒霜大多很黏,不适合妆前使用。[14]
- 如果皮肤容易长粉刺,更是要谨慎挑选防晒霜。寻找专为你的肌肤类型设计而且不会堵塞毛孔的产品。脸部建议使用专用的防晒霜,防晒指数相对较高(15倍及以上),且不易堵毛孔或者闷痘。
- 很多容易长粉刺的人发现,含有氧化锌的防晒霜效果最好。
- 看看标签上是否有“无致粉刺性”、“不阻塞毛孔”、“适合敏感肌肤”或“适合粉刺性皮肤”。
- 第一次买回来的防晒霜应先在手腕上小面积地使用一下。如果有过敏等皮肤问题,换一种防晒霜。重复尝试,直到找到适合你的防晒霜。敏感肌可以让皮肤科医生推荐适用的防晒霜。
- 皮肤发痒发红、有烧灼感或者起水疱等都是过敏反应。二氧化钛和氧化锌没有那么容易引起皮肤过敏。[15]
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小提示
- 脸部使用专用的防晒霜。油性皮肤或者毛孔容易堵住的话用控油或者控痘的防晒霜。敏感皮肤也有专用的防晒霜。
- 就算涂了防晒霜也别肆意暴晒。
- 皮肤沾水后需要补涂防晒霜。正常情况下每隔2小时或者按照包装说明补涂。防晒霜不是一次涂了就了事的东西。
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警告
- 有的人会为了深色的皮肤特意去晒日光浴。但是没有任何一种日光浴是绝对安全的。日光浴里的UV射线会引起皮肤癌。小麦色的皮肤或许好看,但不值得你用命来换。
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参考
- ↑ http://www.melanomafoundation.org/prevention/facts.htm
- ↑ http://www.cdc.gov/cancer/skin/basic_info/sun-safety.htm
- ↑ http://www.webmd.com/beauty/sun/high-spf-sunscreens-are-they-better
- ↑ http://www.melanomafoundation.org/prevention/facts.htm
- ↑ http://www.webmd.com/beauty/sun/high-spf-sunscreens-are-they-better
- ↑ https://www.aad.org/dermatology-a-to-z/health-and-beauty/general-skin-care/sun-protection/how-to-apply-sunscreen
- ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/best-sunscreen/art-20045110
- ↑ http://www.webmd.com/beauty/sun/high-spf-sunscreens-are-they-better
- ↑ https://www.aad.org/dermatology-a-to-z/health-and-beauty/general-skin-care/sun-protection/how-to-apply-sunscreen
- ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/best-sunscreen/art-20045110?pg=2
- ↑ https://www.aad.org/media-resources/stats-and-facts/prevention-and-care/sunscreen-faqs
- ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/best-sunscreen/art-20045110?pg=2
- ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/best-sunscreen/art-20045110?pg=2
- ↑ http://www.skincancer.org/prevention/sun-protection/sunscreen/sunscreens-explained
- ↑ http://acaai.org/resources/connect/ask-allergist/Skin-Allergies
- ↑ https://www.aad.org/media-resources/stats-and-facts/prevention-and-care/sunscreen-faqs
- ↑ http://www.skincancer.org/prevention/sun-protection/sunscreen/sunscreens-explained
- ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements/sunscreen-agent-topical-application-route/proper-use/drg-20070255
- ↑ https://www.aad.org/dermatology-a-to-z/health-and-beauty/general-skin-care/sun-protection/how-to-apply-sunscreen
- ↑ http://www.skincancer.org/prevention/sun-protection/sunscreen/sunscreens-explained
- ↑ https://www.aad.org/dermatology-a-to-z/health-and-beauty/general-skin-care/sun-protection/how-to-apply-sunscreen
- ↑ https://www.aad.org/dermatology-a-to-z/health-and-beauty/general-skin-care/sun-protection/how-to-apply-sunscreen
- ↑ http://www.cnn.com/2012/07/10/living/guide-to-sun-safety/
- ↑ http://www.skincancer.org/products?SubCategoryId=3
- ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/best-sunscreen/art-20045110?pg=2
- ↑ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11712033
- ↑ http://www.cdc.gov/cancer/skin/basic_info/sun-safety.htm
- ↑ https://www.aad.org/media-resources/stats-and-facts/prevention-and-care/sunscreen-faqs
- ↑ http://www.cdc.gov/cancer/skin/basic_info/sun-safety.htm
- ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/infant-and-toddler-health/expert-answers/baby-sunscreen/faq-20058159
- ↑ http://www.fda.gov/ForConsumers/ConsumerUpdates/ucm309136.htm
- ↑ https://www.healthychildren.org/English/safety-prevention/at-play/Pages/Sun-Safety.aspx
- ↑ http://www.fda.gov/ForConsumers/ConsumerUpdates/ucm309136.htm
- ↑ https://www.healthychildren.org/English/safety-prevention/at-play/Pages/Sun-Safety.aspx
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