如何引用参考文献（英文）

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在本文中：

APA（美国心理协会）标准

MLA（美国现代语言协会）标准

芝加哥标准[3]

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参考

在引用一篇文章时，除了标明题目之外还需要标明文章所在的期刊或书籍。下文中将介绍几种不同的引用标准：APA（美国心理协会）标准，MLA（美国现代语言协会）标准和芝加哥标准。

步骤

方法 1

方法 1 的 3:

APA（美国心理协会）标准

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1. 
   1
   引用作者姓名时按照先姓后名的顺序，多个作者名字之间用逗号隔开，最后两个姓名之间没有逗号，用＆符号连接。

   • Doe, J.
   • Doe, J. & Johnson, S. Q.
   • Smith, R., Orion, D. & Johnson, S. Q.
2. 
   2
   注明出版日期。如果只能查询到期刊发表的年份，标上年份即可，如果可以查询到具体的出版日期，就按照年，月，日的格式进行引用，以句号结束。

   • Doe, J. (2001).
   • Smith, R., Orion, D. & Johnson, S. Q. (2011, July 15).
3. 
   3
   注明被引用文章的标题。不要使用斜体、下划线或者引号。标题的首字母大写，如果有副标题的话，则冒号后的第一个字母也大写，最后以句号结束。

   • Doe, J. (2001).Recent breakthroughs in diagnosing mental illness.
   • Smith, R., Orion, D. & Johnson, S. Q. (2011, July 15). Bone-Chilling: A history of literary horror.
4. 
   4
   注明你引用的文章所在期刊的编辑姓名。编辑姓名和期刊名称以“In”为前缀，按照先名后姓的格式进行引用。如果编辑姓名有两个，用＆记号进行连接；三个以上的名字则用逗号连接。如果杂志的编辑只有一名，在名字后的括号里加上ED.缩写。多个编辑则采用EDs.缩写。

   • Doe, J. (2001).Recent breakthroughs in diagnosing mental illness. In J. Rowell (Ed.),
   • Smith, R., Orion, D. & Johnson, S. Q. (2011, July 15). Bone-Chilling: A history of literary horror. In A. Hoffman & C. G. Brooke (Eds.),
5. 
   5
   注明期刊名称。首字母大写，标题加上引号。

   • Doe, J. (2001).Recent breakthroughs in diagnosing mental illness. In J. Rowell (Ed.), Essays on psychology
   • Smith, R., Orion, D. & Johnson, S. Q. (2011, July 15). Bone-Chilling: A history of literary horror. In A. Hoffman & C. G. Brooke (Eds.), Genre literature through the ages
6. 
   6
   给出页码范围。插入文章所在的页码范围，以pp作为前缀，前缀之后有个句号。

   • Doe, J. (2001).Recent breakthroughs in diagnosing mental illness. In J. Rowell (Ed.), Essays on psychology (pp. 24-38).
   • Smith, R., Orion, D. & Johnson, S. Q. (2011, July 15). Bone-Chilling: A history of literary horror. In A. Hoffman & C. G. Brooke (Eds.), Genre literature through the ages (pp. 102-118).
7. 
   7
   注明出版商的姓名和所在地。列出出版公司的所在地和公司名称，中间用冒号隔开，以句号作为结束。

   • Doe, J. (2001).Recent breakthroughs in diagnosing mental illness. In J. Rowell (Ed.), Essays on psychology (pp. 24-38). New York: Big Time Publisher.
   • Smith, R., Orion, D. & Johnson, S. Q. (2011, July 15). Bone-Chilling: A history of literary horror. In A. Hoffman & C. G. Brooke (Eds.), Genre literature through the ages (pp. 102-118). New York: Big Time Publisher.
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方法 2

方法 2 的 3:

MLA（美国现代语言协会）标准

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1. 
   1
   引用作者姓名时采用包括姓、名、中间名在内的全名。第一作者采用先姓后名的格式，其余作者采用先名后姓的格式。三个及以上的姓名用逗号进行连接，最后两个名字间用“and”连接，以句号结束：

   • Doe, John.
   • Doe, John and Samuel Quentin Johnson.
   • Smith, Robert, Danielle Orion, and Samuel Quentin Johnson.
2. 
   2
   引用文章标题。所有的主要词汇都采用首字母大写，标题以句号结束，给标题加上引号：

   • Doe, John."Recent Breakthroughs in Diagnosing Mental Illness."
   • Smith, Robert, Danielle Orion, and Samuel Quentin Johnson. "Bone-Chilling: A History of Literary Horror."
3. 
   3
   注明文章所在的期刊名。给期刊名加上引号，每个主要词汇均首字母大写，以句号结束：

   • Doe, John."Recent Breakthroughs in Diagnosing Mental Illness."Essays on Psychology.
   • Smith, Robert, Danielle Orion, and Samuel Quentin Johnson. "Bone-Chilling: A History of Literary Horror." Genre Literature through the Ages.
4. 
   4
   注明期刊的编辑姓名。采用先名后姓的全名，在姓名之前加上Ed.缩写，如果有不止一位编辑名则加上EDS.缩写，以句号结束：

   • Doe, John."Recent Breakthroughs in Diagnosing Mental Illness."Essays on Psychology.Ed. Josh Rowell.
   • Smith, Robert, Danielle Orion, and Samuel Quentin Johnson. "Bone-Chilling: A History of Literary Horror." Genre Literature through the Ages.Eds. Alexandra Hoffman and Charles Gilbert Brooke.
5. 
   5
   注明出版商信息。列出出版商所在的城市、出版商名称以及出版年份。这里只需要引用年份即可，不需要具体到日期。在城市名和出版商名称之间用冒号相连，与年份用逗号相连，最后以句号结尾：

   • Doe, John."Recent Breakthroughs in Diagnosing Mental Illness."Essays on Psychology.Ed. Josh Rowell. New York: Big Time Publisher, 2001.
   • Smith, Robert, Danielle Orion, and Samuel Quentin Johnson. "Bone-Chilling: A History of Literary Horror." Genre Literature through the Ages.Eds. Alexandra Hoffman and Charles Gilbert Brooke. New York: Big Time Publisher, 2011.
6. 
   6
   注明被引用文章所在的页码。标出文章所在的第一页和最后一页的页码。用连字号相连并以句号结尾：

   • Doe, John."Recent Breakthroughs in Diagnosing Mental Illness."Essays on Psychology.Ed. Josh Rowell. New York: Big Time Publisher, 2001. 24-38.
   • Smith, Robert, Danielle Orion, and Samuel Quentin Johnson. "Bone-Chilling: A History of Literary Horror." Genre Literature through the Ages.Eds. Alexandra Hoffman and Charles Gilbert Brooke. New York: Big Time Publisher, 2011. 102-118.
7. 
   7
   标出出版方式。如果是以书籍形式出版，则标上“Print”。以电子书形式出版则标上“Electronic”。如果电子书是以网站形式发表的则标上“Web”。最后以句号结尾：

   • Doe, John."Recent Breakthroughs in Diagnosing Mental Illness."Essays on Psychology.Ed. Josh Rowell. New York: Big Time Publisher, 2001. 24-38. Print.
   • Smith, Robert, Danielle Orion, and Samuel Quentin Johnson. "Bone-Chilling: A History of Literary Horror." Genre Literature through the Ages.Eds. Alexandra Hoffman and Charles Gilbert Brooke. New York: Big Time Publisher, 2011. 102-118. Electronic.
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方法 3

方法 3 的 3:

芝加哥标准

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1. 
   1
   引用文章的作者名。如果是在脚注或尾注中引用作者名，则采用先名后姓的格式。如果是在参考文献列表中进行引用，则对第一作者采用先姓后名的格式，其余作者使用先名后姓的格式。脚注后以逗号结尾，参考文献列表中以句号结尾：

   • Robert Smith, Danielle Orion, and Samuel Quentin Johnson,
   • Smith, Robert, Danielle Orion, and Samuel Quentin Johnson.
2. 
   2
   注明引用文章的标题。给引用文章标题加上引号，主要词汇均首字母大写，脚注和尾注中以逗号结尾，参考文献列表中以句号结尾：

   • Robert Smith, Danielle Orion, and Samuel Quentin Johnson, "Bone-Chilling: A History of Literary Horror,"
   • Smith, Robert, Danielle Orion, and Samuel Quentin Johnson. "Bone-Chilling: A History of Literary Horror."
3. 
   3
   注上被引用文章所在期刊的名称。在书名前加上“in”。用引号引用书名，主要词汇均首字母大写，脚注和参考文献列表中均以逗号结尾：

   • Robert Smith, Danielle Orion, and Samuel Quentin Johnson, "Bone-Chilling: A History of Literary Horror," in Genre Literature through the Ages,
   • Smith, Robert, Danielle Orion, and Samuel Quentin Johnson. "Bone-Chilling: A History of Literary Horror." In Genre Literature through the Ages,
4. 
   4
   引用编辑姓名。脚注中在编辑名前加上缩写“ed.”，参考文献列表中在编辑名前加上短语“edited by”。在脚注中只列出第一编辑的姓名，如果不止一位编辑的话，就在后面用缩写“et al”代替。参考文献列表中需要列出所有编辑的姓名：

   • Robert Smith, Danielle Orion, and Samuel Quentin Johnson, "Bone-Chilling: A History of Literary Horror," in Genre Literature through the Ages, ed. Alexandra Hoffman, et al.
   • Smith, Robert, Danielle Orion, and Samuel Quentin Johnson. "Bone-Chilling: A History of Literary Horror." In Genre Literature through the Ages, edited by Alexandra Hoffman and Charles Gilbert Brooke,
5. 
   5
   标出文章所在的页码范围。只在参考文献列表中标注，范围包括文章所在的全部页码：

   • Robert Smith, Danielle Orion, and Samuel Quentin Johnson, "Bone-Chilling: A History of Literary Horror," in Genre Literature through the Ages, ed. Alexandra Hoffman, et al.
   • Smith, Robert, Danielle Orion, and Samuel Quentin Johnson. "Bone-Chilling: A History of Literary Horror." In Genre Literature through the Ages, edited by Alexandra Hoffman and Charles Gilbert Brooke, 102-118.
6. 
   6
   注上出版商的信息。包括出版商所在的城市和出版商名称，其中用冒号隔开，在出版商信息后加上冒号，再加上出版年份。当这些标注内容以脚注形式出现时需要加上括号作为插入内容，参考文献列表中则不必，以句号结束即可：

   • Robert Smith, Danielle Orion, and Samuel Quentin Johnson, "Bone-Chilling: A History of Literary Horror," in Genre Literature through the Ages, ed. Alexandra Hoffman, et al. (New York: Big Time Publisher, 2011),
   • Smith, Robert, Danielle Orion, and Samuel Quentin Johnson. "Bone-Chilling: A History of Literary Horror." In Genre Literature through the Ages, edited by Alexandra Hoffman and Charles Gilbert Brooke, 102-118. New York: Big Time Publisher, 2011.
7. 
   7
   标出被引用部分所在的页码。这只出现在脚注中。标出你所引用的内容所在的那一页，以句号结束：

   • Robert Smith, Danielle Orion, and Samuel Quentin Johnson, "Bone-Chilling: A History of Literary Horror," in Genre Literature through the Ages, ed. Alexandra Hoffman, et al. (New York: Big Time Publisher, 2011), 111.
   • Smith, Robert, Danielle Orion, and Samuel Quentin Johnson. "Bone-Chilling: A History of Literary Horror." In Genre Literature through the Ages, edited by Alexandra Hoffman and Charles Gilbert Brooke, 102-118. New York: Big Time Publisher, 2011.
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