Koaⁿ-gâm

Koaⁿ-gâm (肝癌) sī hoat-seng tī koaⁿ-chōng ia̍h-sī ùi koaⁿ-chōng khai-sí ê ok-sèng chéng-liû.

Liver cancer
Other names	Hepatic cancer, primary hepatic malignancy, primary liver cancer
CT scan of a liver with cholangiocarcinoma
Specialty	Gastroenterology Hepatology Oncology
Symptoms	Lump or pain in the right side below the rib cage, swelling of the abdomen, yellowish skin, easy bruising, weight loss, weakness[1]
Usual onset	55 to 65 years old[2]
Causes	hepatitis B, hepatitis C, alcoholism, aflatoxin, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, liver flukes[3][4]
Diagnostic method	Blood tests, medical imaging, tissue biopsy[1]
Prevention	Immunization against hepatitis B, treating those infected with hepatitis B or C,[3] decreasing exposure to aflatoxin, decreasing high levels of alcohol consumption
Treatment	Surgery, targeted therapy, radiation therapy[1]
Prognosis	Five-year survival rates ~18% (US);[2] 40% (Japan)[5]
Frequency	618,700 (point in time in 2015)[6]
Deaths	782,000 (2018)[7]

Pún bûn-chiuⁿ sī chi̍t phiⁿ phí-á-kiáⁿ. Lí thang tàu khok-chhiong lâi pang-chō͘ Wikipedia. hián lūn pian

1. ↑ ^{1.0 1.1 1.2} Ín-iōng chhò-gō͘: Bû-hāu ê <ref> tag;chhōe bô chí-miâ ê ref bûn-jī NIH2016
2. ↑ ^{2.0 2.1} Ín-iōng chhò-gō͘: Bû-hāu ê <ref> tag;chhōe bô chí-miâ ê ref bûn-jī SEER2016
3. ↑ ^{3.0 3.1} Ín-iōng chhò-gō͘: Bû-hāu ê <ref> tag;chhōe bô chí-miâ ê ref bûn-jī WCR2014Liver
4. ↑ Ín-iōng chhò-gō͘: Bû-hāu ê <ref> tag;chhōe bô chí-miâ ê ref bûn-jī GBD2013
5. ↑ "がん診療連携拠点病院等院内がん登録生存率集計：[国立がん研究センター がん登録・統計]". ganjoho.jp. 2 February 2020 khòaⁿ--ê. 
6. ↑ Vos, Theo; et al. (October 2016). "Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015". Lancet. 388 (10053): 1545–1602. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6. PMC 5055577 . PMID 27733282. 
7. ↑ Ín-iōng chhò-gō͘: Bû-hāu ê <ref> tag;chhōe bô chí-miâ ê ref bûn-jī Bray2018