Europium

Europium, ₆₃Eu
Europium
Pronunciation	/j[unsupported input]oʊpiəm/ (yoor-OH-pee-əm)
Appearance	sillrry white, wi a pale yellsr tint; but rarely seen without oxide discoloration
Standard atomic weight Ar, std(Eu)	151.964(1)
Europium in the periodic cairt
	samarium ← europium → gadolinium
Atomic nummer (Z)	63
Group	group n/a
Period	period 6
Block	f-block
Element category	Lanthanide
Electron confeeguration	[Xe] 4f7 6s2
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 18, 25, 8, 2
Pheesical properties
Phase at STP	solid
Meltin pynt	1099 K (826 °C, 1519 °F)
Bylin pynt	1802 K (1529 °C, 2784 °F)
Density (near r.t.)	5.264 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)	5.13 g/cm3
Heat o fusion	9.21 kJ/mol
Heat o vapourisation	176 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	27.66 J/(mol·K)
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	+1, +2, +3 (a mildly basic oxide)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 1.2
Ionisation energies	1st: 547.1 kJ/mol ; 2nd: 1085 kJ/mol ; 3rd: 2404 kJ/mol ; ;
Atomic radius	empirical: 180 pm
Covalent radius	198±6 pm
	Colour lines in a spectral rangeSpectral lines o europium
Ither properties
Naitural occurrence	primordial
Creestal structur	bouk-centred cubic [[File:bouk-centred cubic\|frameless\|alt=Bouk-centred cubic creestal structur for europium\|upright=0.23\|Bouk-centred cubic creestal structur for europium]]
Thermal expansion	poly: 35.0 µm/(m·K) (at r.t.)
Thermal conductivity	est. 13.9 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity	poly: 0.900 µΩ·m (at r.t.)
Magnetic orderin	paramagnetic
Magnetic susceptibility	+34,000.0·10−6 cm3/mol
Young's modulus	18.2 GPa
Shear modulus	7.9 GPa
Bulk modulus	8.3 GPa
Poisson ratio	0.152
Vickers haurdness	165–200 MPa
CAS Nummer	7440-53-1
History
Namin	efter Europe
Diskivery an first isolation	Eugène-Anatole Demarçay (1896, 1901)
Main isotopes o europium
β−	152Gd
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Europium is a chemical element wi the seembol Eu an atomic nummer 63. It is named efter the continent Europe. It is a moderately haird, sillery metal whilk readily oxidizes in air an watter. Bein a teepical member o the lanthanide series, europium uisually assumes the oxidation state +3, but the oxidation state +2 is common an aa: aw europium compoonds wi oxidation state +2 are slichtly reducing. Europium haes na signeeficant biological role an is relatively non-toxic compared tae ither hivy metals. Maist applications o europium exploit the phosphorescence o europium compoonds.

References eedit

↑ Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth–Heinemann. p. 112. ISBN 0080379419.
↑ Meija, Juris; et al. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.
↑ Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.
↑ Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.

[1] Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth–Heinemann. p. 112. ISBN 0080379419.

[CIAAW2013-2] Meija, Juris; et al. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.

[magnet-3] Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.

[4] Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.

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