આ મદદ પાનું ગુજરાતી ભાષાના ઇન્ટરનેશનલ ફોનેટિક આલ્ફાબેટ (IPA) ઉચ્ચારણોનું મદદ પાનું છે. વધુ માહિતી માટે જુઓ: {{IPA-gu}}
વ્યંજન |
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IPA | ગુજરાતી | IAST | અંગ્રેજી અનુરૂપ |
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b | બ | b | bat | bʱ | ભ | bh | abhor | β[૧] | ભ | bh | somewhat like averse | d | દ | d | dog | ð[૧] | ધ | dh | other | dʱ | ધ | dh | adhere | ɖ | ડ | ḍ | somewhat like cord | ɖʱ | ઢ | ḍh | somewhat like guardhouse | dʒ | જ | j | jack | dʒʱ | ઝ | jh | hedgehog | f[૧] | ફ | ph | afraid | ɡ | ગ | g | gate | ɡʱ | ઘ | gh | egg head | ɣ[૧] | ઘ | gh | go, but without completely blocking airflow on the g | h | ઃ | ḥ | head | ɦ | હ | h | ahead | j | ય | y | yak | k | ક | k | scold | kʰ | ખ | kh | cold | l | લ | l | leaf | ɭ | ળ | l | somewhat like Merlin | m | મ | m | much | n | ન | n | not | ɳ | ણ | ṇ | somewhat like burner | ɲ | ઞ | ñ | canyon | ŋ | ઙ | ṅ | bank | p | પ | p | span | pʰ | ફ | ph | pan | ɾ | ર | r | butter (American English) | ɽ[૨] | ડ | ḍ | somewhat like murder | ɽʱ[૨] | ઢ | ḍh | somewhat like guardhouse | ɽ̃[૨] | ણ | ṇ | as above, but nasal | s[૩] | સ | s | sue | ʂ[૩] | ષ | ṣ | somewhat like worship | ʃ[૩] | શ | ś | sheep | t | ત | t | stop | tʰ | થ | th | top | ʈ | ટ | ṭ | somewhat like court | ʈʰ | ઠ | ṭh | somewhat like tree | tʃ | ચ | c | somewhat like catch | tʃʰ | છ | ch | cheese | ʋ | વ | v | vine |
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IPA | ગુજરાતી | IAST | અંગ્રેજી અનુરૂપ |
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ɑ | આ, કા | ā | bra | æ | | | cash | e | એ, કે | e | pay | ɛ | ઍ, કૅ | â | bed | ə | અ, ક | a | about | i | ઇ/ ઈ, કિ/ કી | i | see | o | ઓ, કો | o | story | ɔ | ઑ, કૉ | ô | off | u | ઉ/ ઊ, કુ/ કૂ | u | look | əj | ઐ, કૈ | ai | Somewhat like kite | əʋ | ઔ, કૌ | au | Somewhat like house |
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- ↑ ૧.૦ ૧.૧ ૧.૨ ૧.૩ The voiced aspirated stops /ɡʱ, dʱ, bʱ/ and /pʰ/ have spirant allophones [ɣ, ð, β, f].Cardona & Suthar (2003:665)
- ↑ ૨.૦ ૨.૧ ૨.૨ The voiced retroflex stops and the nasal /ɖʱ, ɖ, ɳ/ have flapped allophones [ɽʱ, ɽ, ɽ̃]. Intervocalically all three are flapped. The stops are also flapped when before or after other consonants.Mistry (1997:659) The stops are unflapped initially, geminated, and postnasally; and flapped intervocalically, finally, and before or after other consonants.Masica (1991:97).
- ↑ ૩.૦ ૩.૧ ૩.૨ While there is dialectal variation in this regard, for Wikipedia transcriptions [ʃ] appears contiguous with palatal segments and [ʂ] appears before retroflex consonants: [spəʂʈ] ('clear').Mistry (1997:658)
- ↑ Gujarati contrasts murmured and non-murmured vowels, except for /e/ and /o/.Cardona & Suthar (2003:662) Mistry (2003:116).
- Cardona, George; Suthar, Babu (2003), "Gujarati", in Cardona, George; Jain, Dhanesh, The Indo-Aryan Languages, Routledge, ISBN 978-0-415-77294-5, https://books.google.com/books?id=jPR2OlbTbdkC&pg=PA659&dq=indo-aryan+languages
- Masica, Colin (1991), The Indo-Aryan Languages, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-29944-2, https://books.google.com/books?id=J3RSHWePhXwC&printsec=frontcover&dq=indo-aryan+languages
- Mistry, P.J. (1997), "Gujarati Phonology", in Kaye, A.S, Phonologies of Asia and Africa, Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns
- Mistry, P.J. (2003), "Gujarati", in Frawley, William, International Encyclopedia of Linguistics, 2 (2nd ed.), Oxford: Oxford University Press