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Penryn and Falmouth (UK Parliament constituency)

Penryn and Falmouth was the name of a constituency in Cornwall, England, UK, represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1832 until 1950. From 1832 to 1918 it was a parliamentary borough, initially returning two Members of Parliament (MPs), elected by the bloc vote system.

Penryn and Falmouth
Former County constituency
for the House of Commons
CountyCornwall
Major settlementsPenryn and Falmouth
1918–1950
SeatsOne
Created fromPenryn and Falmouth, St Austell and Truro
Replaced byTruro and Falmouth & Camborne
1832–1918
Seats1832-1885: Two;
1885-1918: One
Type of constituencyBorough constituency
Created fromCornwall and Penryn
Replaced byPenryn and Falmouth

Under the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885, its representation was reduced to one member, elected by the first past the post system. In 1918 the borough was abolished and the name was transferred to a county constituency electing one MP.

Boundaries edit

1918–1950: The Municipal Boroughs of Falmouth, Penryn, and Truro, the Urban District of St Austell, the Rural District of St Austell except the civil parishes of St Sampson and Tywardreath, the Rural District of East Kerrier except the civil parishes of Constantine, Mabe, and Perranarworthal, and the Rural District of Truro except the civil parishes of Kea, Kenwyn Rural, Perranzabuloe, St Agnes, St Allen, and Tregavethan.[1]

History edit

The constituency was created by the Reform Act 1832 (the "Great Reform Act") as a replacement for the Penryn constituency, which had become a notoriously rotten borough. The new borough consisted of Penryn, Falmouth and parts of Budock and St Gluvias parishes, giving it a mostly urban population of nearly 12,000, of whom 875 were registered to vote at its first election in 1832.

Initially Penryn and Falmouth elected two MPs, but this was reduced to one in 1885. It was one of the smallest constituencies in England for the next thirty years. At this period its voters were politically unpredictable; though generally among the more Conservative Cornish constituencies, they were influenced by personal factors and often swung against the national tide of opinion. Falmouth, which had a stronger non-conformist presence, was the more Liberal part of the constituency in the late 19th century, but was thought to become more Conservative as it developed its economy as a destination seaside resort.

In 1918 the borough was abolished, but the Penryn and Falmouth name was applied to the county constituency in which the two towns were placed. This was a much more extensive constituency, covering the whole of south central Cornwall, including the towns of Truro and St Austell as well a long stretch of coastline. The constituency had a more industrial character (a sixth of the population were engaged in tin mining); the area suffered badly from unemployment in the 1930s, and in 1935 the Labour Party came within 3,031 votes of winning what would have been their first seat in Cornwall.

The constituency was abolished for the 1950 general election, most of its area being moved into the Truro constituency. Penryn and Falmouth were assigned to the new Falmouth and Camborne division.

Members of Parliament edit

Penryn & Falmouth borough 1832–1885 edit

Election1st Member1st Party2nd Member2nd Party
1832Sir Robert RolfeWhig[2][3][4]Lord TullamoreTory[2]
1834Conservative[2]
1835James William FreshfieldConservative[2]
1840Edward John Hutchins[5]Whig[2][6][7][8]
1841John VivianWhig[2][9][10][11]James Hanway PlumridgeWhig[2][11]
1847Howel GwynConservativeFrancis MowattRadical[12][13]
1852James William FreshfieldConservative
1857Thomas BaringWhig[14][15]Samuel Gurney[16]Ind. Whig
1859LiberalInd. Liberal
1866Jervoise SmithLiberal
1868Robert FowlerConservativeEdward EastwickConservative
1874David James JenkinsLiberalHenry Thomas ColeLiberal
1880Reginald BrettLiberal
1885Representation reduced to one member

Penryn & Falmouth borough 1885–1918 edit

ElectionMemberParty
1885David James JenkinsLiberal
1886William George Cavendish-BentinckConservative
1895Frederick John HornimanLiberal
1906Sir John BarkerLiberal
1910Charles Sydney GoldmanUnionist
1918Borough abolished; name transferred to county division

Penryn & Falmouth division of Cornwall 1918–1950 edit

ElectionMemberParty
1918Sir Edward NichollCoalition Conservative
1922Capt Denis ShipwrightConservative
1923Sir Courtenay ManselLiberal
1924George Pilcher[17]Conservative
1929Sir Tudor WaltersLiberal
1931Maurice PetherickConservative
1945Evelyn KingLabour
1950constituency abolished

Elections edit

St Austell area election results

Elections in the 1830s edit

General election 1832: Penryn and Falmouth[18][2]
PartyCandidateVotes%
Whig Y Robert Rolfe 490 36.6
Tory Y Charles Bury 428 32.0
ToryJames William Freshfield33825.2
ToryCharles Stewart836.2
Turnout71781.9
Registered electors875
Majority624.6
Whig win (new seat)
Majority906.8
Tory win (new seat)
General election 1835: Penryn and Falmouth[18][2]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Conservative Y James William Freshfield 464 36.1 +10.9
Whig Y Robert Rolfe 424 33.0 −3.6
ConservativeCharles Bury39730.9−1.1
Turnout73690.8+8.9
Registered electors811
Majority403.1−3.7
Conservative holdSwing+6.4
Majority272.1−2.5
Whig holdSwing−4.3

Rolfe was appointed Solicitor General for England and Wales, requiring a by-election.

By-election, 28 April 1835: Penryn and Falmouth[18][2]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Whig Y Robert Rolfe 348 51.6 +18.6
ConservativeCharles Bury32648.4−18.6
Majority223.2+1.1
Turnout67483.1−7.7
Registered electors811
Whig holdSwing+18.6
General election 1837: Penryn and Falmouth[18][2]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Whig Y Robert Rolfe 523 39.6 +23.1
Conservative Y James William Freshfield 434 32.9 −34.1
WhigJames Hanway Plumridge36327.5+11.0
Turnout76185.7−5.1
Registered electors888
Majority896.7+4.6
Whig holdSwing+20.1
Majority715.4+2.3
Conservative holdSwing−34.1

Elections in the 1840s edit

Rolfe resigned after being appointed a Judge of the Court of the Exchequer, causing a by-election.

By-election, 23 January 1840: Penryn and Falmouth[18][2]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Whig Y Edward John Hutchins 462 66.0 −1.1
ConservativeWilliam Carne23834.0+1.1
Majority22432.0+25.3
Turnout70079.1−6.6
Registered electors885
Whig holdSwing−1.1
General election 1841: Penryn and Falmouth[18][2]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Whig Y John Vivian 462 30.5 −9.1
Whig Y James Hanway Plumridge 432 28.5 +1.0
ConservativeHowel Gwyn38125.1+8.7
ConservativeEdward John Sartoris24015.8−0.7
Majority513.4−3.3
Turnout76886.9+1.2
Registered electors884
Whig holdSwing−6.6
Whig gain from ConservativeSwing−1.5
General election 1847: Penryn and Falmouth[18]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Conservative Y Howel Gwyn 548 54.2 +29.1
Radical Y Francis Mowatt 377 37.3 −21.7
ConservativePeter Borthwick[19]878.6−7.2
Turnout506 (est)58.6 (est)−28.3
Registered electors884
Majority17116.9N/A
Conservative gain from WhigSwing+20.0
Majority29028.7N/A
Radical gain from WhigSwing−21.8

Elections in the 1850s edit

General election 1852: Penryn and Falmouth[18]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Conservative Y Howel Gwyn 464 37.5 −16.7
Conservative Y James William Freshfield 435 35.1 +26.5
WhigThomas Baring33927.4−9.9
Majority967.7-9.2
Turnout789 (est)87.0 (est)+28.4
Registered electors906
Conservative holdSwing−5.9
Conservative gain from RadicalSwing+15.7
General election 1857: Penryn and Falmouth[18]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Whig Y Thomas BaringUnopposed
Independent Whig Y Samuel GurneyUnopposed
Registered electors856
Whig gain from Conservative
Ind. Whig gain from Conservative

Baring was appointed a Civil Lord of the Admiralty, requiring a by-election.

By-election, 27 May 1857: Penryn and Falmouth[18]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Whig Y Thomas BaringUnopposed
Whig hold
General election 1859: Penryn and Falmouth[18]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Liberal Y Thomas Baring 389 30.2 N/A
Independent Liberal Y Samuel Gurney 373 29.0 N/A
ConservativeHowel Gwyn32425.2New
ConservativeJohn Fitzgerald Leslie Foster[20]20015.6New
Turnout643 (est)77.4 (est)N/A
Registered electors856
Majority161.2N/A
Liberal holdSwingN/A
Majority493.8N/A
Independent Liberal holdSwingN/A

Elections in the 1860s edit

General election 1865: Penryn and Falmouth[18]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Liberal Y Thomas BaringUnopposed
Independent Liberal Y Samuel GurneyUnopposed
Registered electors837
Liberal hold
Independent Liberal hold

Baring succeeded to the peerage, becoming Lord Northbrook and causing a by-election.

By-election, 15 October 1866: Penryn and Falmouth[18]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Liberal Y Jervoise Smith 376 54.6 N/A
ConservativeRobert Fowler31345.4New
Majority639.2N/A
Turnout68982.3N/A
Registered electors837
Liberal holdSwingN/A
General election 1868: Penryn and Falmouth (2 seats)[18]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Conservative Y Robert Fowler 732 27.9 N/A
Conservative Y Edward Eastwick 683 26.0 N/A
LiberalJervoise Smith61123.3N/A
LiberalKirkman Hodgson[21]59722.8N/A
Majority722.7N/A
Turnout1,312 (est)72.5 (est)N/A
Registered electors1,808
Conservative gain from LiberalSwingN/A
Conservative gain from Independent LiberalSwingN/A

Elections in the 1870s edit

General election 1874: Penryn and Falmouth (2 seats)[18]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Liberal Y David James Jenkins 851 28.1 +4.8
Liberal Y Henry Thomas Cole 784 25.9 +3.1
ConservativeRobert Fowler74324.6-3.7
ConservativeEdward Eastwick64621.4-4.6
Majority411.3N/A
Turnout1,51281.3-8.8
Registered electors1,860
Liberal gain from ConservativeSwing
Liberal gain from ConservativeSwing

Elections in the 1880s edit

General election 1880: Penryn and Falmouth (2 seats)[22][18]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Liberal Y David James Jenkins 1,176 30.2 +2.1
Liberal Y Reginald Brett 1,071 27.5 +1.6
ConservativeJulius Vogel88222.7−1.9
ConservativeJohn D. Mayne76519.6−1.8
Majority1894.8+3.5
Turnout1,947 (est)88.4 (est)+7.1
Registered electors2,202
Liberal holdSwing+2.0
Liberal holdSwing+1.7
General election 1885: Penryn and Falmouth[23]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
LiberalDavid James Jenkins 1,170 52.3 −5.4
ConservativeWilliam Cavendish-Bentinck1,06947.7+5.4
Majority1014.6−0.2
Turnout2,23987.4−1.0 (est)
Registered electors2,562
Liberal holdSwing−5.4
General election 1886: Penryn and Falmouth[23]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
ConservativeWilliam Cavendish-Bentinck 1,089 52.2 +4.5
LiberalDavid James Jenkins99847.8-4.5
Majority914.4N/A
Turnout2,08781.5−5.9
Registered electors2,562
Conservative gain from LiberalSwing+4.5

Elections in the 1890s edit

General election 1892: Penryn and Falmouth[23]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
ConservativeWilliam Cavendish-Bentinck 1,218 58.1 +5.9
LiberalArthur Serena88041.9−5.9
Majority33816.2+11.8
Turnout2,09881.3−0.2
Registered electors2,580
Conservative holdSwing+5.9
F.J.Horniman
General election 1895: Penryn and Falmouth[23]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
LiberalFrederick John Horniman 1,150 51.1 +9.2
ConservativeWilliam Cavendish-Bentinck1,10148.9-9.2
Majority492.2N/A
Turnout2,25186.0+4.7
Registered electors2,616
Liberal gain from ConservativeSwing+9.2

Elections in the 1900s edit

General election 1900: Penryn and Falmouth[23]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
LiberalFrederick John Horniman 1,184 50.4 −0.7
ConservativeNathaniel Louis Cohen1,16449.6+0.7
Majority200.8−1.4
Turnout2,34885.2−0.8
Registered electors2,756
Liberal holdSwing−0.7
John Barker
General election 1906: Penryn and Falmouth[23]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
LiberalJohn Barker 1,345 51.9 +1.5
ConservativeD B Hall1,24848.1−1.5
Majority973.8+3.0
Turnout2,59388.6+3.4
Registered electors2,926
Liberal holdSwing+1.5

Elections in the 1910s edit

General election January 1910: Penryn and Falmouth[23]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
ConservativeCharles Sydney Goldman 1,593 53.0 +4.9
LiberalJohn Barker1,41247.0−4.9
Majority1816.0N/A
Turnout3,00593.5+4.9
Registered electors3,215
Conservative gain from LiberalSwing+4.9
General election December 1910: Penryn and Falmouth[23]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
ConservativeCharles Sydney Goldman 1,585 55.1 +2.1
LiberalWalter Burt1,29144.9−2.1
Majority29410.2+4.2
Turnout2,87689.5−4.0
Registered electors3,215
Conservative holdSwing+2.1

General Election 1914–15:Another General Election was required to take place before the end of 1915. The political parties had been making preparations for an election to take place and by July 1914, the following candidates had been selected;

General election 1918: Penryn and Falmouth,[24]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
CUnionistEdward Nicholl10,05050.6−4.5
LiberalArthur Carkeek (businessman)9,81549.4+4.5
Majority2351.2−9.0
Turnout19,86556.6−32.9
Unionist holdSwing−4.5
C indicates candidate endorsed by the coalition government.

Elections in the 1920s edit

General election 1922: Penryn and Falmouth[24]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
UnionistDenis Shipwright 11,566 42.7 -7.9
LiberalCourtenay Mansel8,87932.8-16.6
LabourJoseph Harris4,48216.6New
National LiberalGeorge Hay Morgan2,1297.9New
Majority2,6879.9+8.7
Turnout27,05672.5+15.9
Unionist holdSwing+4.3
General election 1923: Penryn and Falmouth[24]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
LiberalCourtenay Mansel 17,015 62.0 +23.2
UnionistDenis Shipwright10,42938.0-4.7
Majority6,58624.0N/A
Turnout27,44473.0+0.5
Liberal gain from UnionistSwing+17.0
General election 1924: Penryn and Falmouth [24]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
UnionistGeorge Pilcher 12,485 43.3 +5.3
LiberalCourtenay Mansel9,91334.3-27.7
LabourFrederick Jesse Hopkins6,46222.4New
Majority2,5729.0N/A
Turnout22,39874.7+1.7
Unionist gain from LiberalSwing+16.5
General election 1929: Penryn and Falmouth [24]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
LiberalTudor Walters 14,274 37.0 +2.7
UnionistMaurice Petherick13,13634.1-9.2
LabourFrederick Jesse Hopkins11,16628.9+6.5
Majority1,1382.9N/A
Turnout38,57678.4+3.7
Liberal gain from UnionistSwing+6.0

Elections in the 1930s edit

General election 1931: Penryn and Falmouth [24]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
ConservativeMaurice Petherick 16,388 40.5 +6.4
LiberalErnest Simon14,00634.6-2.4
LabourA.L.Rowse10,09824.9-4.0
Majority2,3825.9N/A
Turnout40,49279.8+1.4
Conservative gain from LiberalSwing+4.4
General election 1935: Penryn and Falmouth [24]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
ConservativeMaurice Petherick 16,136 39.6 -0.9
LabourA.L.Rowse13,10532.1+7.2
LiberalRonald Wilberforce Allen11,52728.3-6.3
Majority3,0317.5+1.6
Turnout40,77877.6-2.2
Conservative holdSwing-4.0

A General election was due to take place before the end of 1940, but was postponed due to the Second World War. By 1939, the following candidates had been selected to contest this constituency;

Elections in the 1940s edit

General election 1945: Penryn and Falmouth [24]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
LabourEvelyn King 17,962 43.8 +11.7
ConservativeMaurice Petherick15,16936.9-2.7
LiberalPercy Harris7,91719.3-9.0
Majority2,7936.9N/A
Turnout41,04873.0-4.6
Labour gain from ConservativeSwing

References edit

  1. ^ Fraser, Hugh (1918). The Representation of the People Act, 1918: with explanatory notes. London: Sweet and Maxwell.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Stooks Smith, Henry. (1973) [1844-1850]. Craig, F. W. S. (ed.). The Parliaments of England (2nd ed.). Chichester: Parliamentary Research Services. pp. 44–46. ISBN 0-900178-13-2.
  3. ^ Churton, Edward (1838). The Assembled Commons or Parliamentary Biographer: 1838. p. 196.
  4. ^ Mosse, Richard Bartholomew (1838). The Parliamentary Guide: a concise history of the Members of both Houses, etc. p. 211.
  5. ^ E J Hutchins was subsequently elected for Lymington 1850–1857. There is a biography of him at Masonic Province of South Wales, Eastern Division. Archived 21 November 2008 at the Wayback Machine
  6. ^ The Spectator, Volume 12. F.C. Westley. 1839. p. 1204. Retrieved 21 May 2018.
  7. ^ "The Recent Elections". Essex Standard. 31 January 1840. p. 1. Retrieved 21 May 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  8. ^ "The Elections". Dublin Morning Register. 29 January 1840. p. 3. Retrieved 21 May 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  9. ^ "General Election 1841". Morning Post. 29 June 1841. pp. 2–4. Retrieved 14 April 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  10. ^ "Elections Decided". Manchester Courier and Lancashire General Advertiser. 10 July 1841. p. 6. Retrieved 14 April 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  11. ^ a b "Evening Mail". 2 July 1841. p. 6. Retrieved 27 November 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  12. ^ Collet, Collet Dobson (1899). History of the Taxes on Knowledge: Their Origin and Repeal. London: T. Fisher Unwin. p. 93. Retrieved 22 April 2018.
  13. ^ "Register". Cambridge Chronicle and Journal. 5 August 1854. pp. 4–5. Retrieved 22 April 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  14. ^ Mallet, Bernard (1912). "Baring, Thomas George" . In Lee, Sidney (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography (2nd supplement). London: Smith, Elder & Co.
  15. ^ "The General Elections". Morning Chronicle. 16 March 1857. p. 6. Retrieved 24 June 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  16. ^ See ODNB article by Richard Davenport-Hines, 'Gurney, Samuel (1816–1882)', Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 accessed 23 Jan 2008
  17. ^ Hansard website gives dates of George Pilcher, MP as 1882 – 8 December 1962, in Parliament 29 October 1924 – 30 May 1929. The National Portrait Gallery, London has two photographic portraits of him, taken in 1927. He is described as journalist, barrister and politician. Rayment says he was born 26 February 1882. He was Secretary of the Royal Empire Society. The Times, 16 March 1935; pg. 9; Issue 47014; col D Notes his resignation as Secretary of the RES, after six years' service and his previous work as a journalist. The Times, 13 December 1962; pg. 12; Issue 55573; col E includes an Obituary, giving further information.
  18. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Craig, F. W. S., ed. (1977). British Parliamentary Election Results 1832-1885 (e-book) (1st ed.). London: Macmillan Press. ISBN 978-1-349-02349-3.
  19. ^ "General Election". London Evening Standard. 2 August 1847. pp. 3–4. Retrieved 27 November 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  20. ^ "The Cornish Times". 7 May 1859. p. 4. Retrieved 24 June 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  21. ^ "Representation of Penryn and Falmouth". Royal Cornwall Gazette. 25 June 1868. p. 6. Retrieved 15 March 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  22. ^ "Penryn And Falmouth". The Cornishman. No. 90. 1 April 1880. p. 5.
  23. ^ a b c d e f g h British parliamentary election results, 1885-1918 (Craig)
  24. ^ a b c d e f g h British Parliamentary Election Results 1918-1949 by FWS Craig

Sources edit

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