Help:IPA/Malayalam

This is the pronunciation key for IPA transcriptions of Malayalam on Wikipedia.

It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Malayalam in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them. Integrity must be maintained between the key and the transcriptions that link here; do not change any symbol or value without establishing consensus on the talk page first.

For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For the distinction between [ ], / / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters.

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The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Malayalam pronunciations. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.

Consonants
IPA	Malayalam	ISO 15919	English approximation
k	ക	k	sky
kʰ	ഖ	kh	key
ɡ	ഗ	g	ago
ɡʱ	ഘ	gh	loghouse
ŋ	ങ	ṅ	sink
t͡ʃ	ച	c	church
t͡ʃʰ	ഛ	ch	church
d͡ʒ	ജ	j	object
d͡ʒʱ	ഝ	jh	hedgehog
ɲ	ഞ	ñ	canyon
ʈ	ട	ṭ	stalk but retroflex
ʈʰ	ഠ	ṭh	talk but retroflex
ɖ	ഡ	ḍ	idea but retroflex
ɖʱ	ഢ	ḍh	redhead but retroflex
ɳ	ണ	ṇ	spin but retroflex
t̪	ത	t	stalk but dentalized
t̪ʰ	ഥ	th	talk but dentalized
d̪	ദ	d	idea but dentalized
d̪ʱ	ധ	dh	redhead but dentalized
n̪	ന	n	spin but dentalized
n	ഩ/ന^[a]	ṉ	spin
p	പ	p	spin
pʰ^[b]	ഫ	ph	pin
f^[b]	ഫ	f	fin
b	ബ	b	about
bʱ	ഭ	bh	clubhouse
m	മ	m	mall
j	യ	y	yes
ɾ	ര	r	American English atom
l	ല	l	list
ʋ	വ	v	curve
ʃ	ശ	ś	shoe
ʂ	ഷ	ṣ	shoe but retroflex
s	സ	s	so
h	ഹ	h	head
ɭ	ള	ḷ	list but retroflex
ɻ	ഴ	ɻ	run
r	റ	ṟ	Scottish English run
t	റ്റ	ṯ	stalk
d^[c]	*ന്റ	ḏ	idea

Vowels
IPA	Malayalam	ISO 15919	English approximation
a	അ	a	cut
ə^[d]	അ	a	about
aː	ാ, ആ	ā	father
i	ി, ഇ	i	sit
iː	ീ, ഈ	ī	seat
u	ു, ഉ	u	full
uː	ൂ, ഊ	ū	fool
r̩	ൃ, ഋ	r̥	better
e	െ, എ	e	eight
eː	േ, ഏ	ē	eight but longer
o	ൊ, ഒ	o	own
oː	ോ, ഓ	ō	own but longer
ai	ൈ, ഐ	ai	mile
au	ൗ, ൌ^[e], ഔ	au	foul

Suprasegmentals
IPA
ˈ	stress (placed before stressed syllable)

Notes edit

^ modern orthography uses ന for both /n̪/ and /n/, and ഩ is no longer used.
^ ^a ^b ഫ is used to represent both /f/ and /pʰ/.
^ only occurs after /n/
^ [ə] may occur as an allophone of /a/ in some word-medial and final positions.
^ archaic, modern orthography uses ൗ instead

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Comparisons	IPA conventions for English English dialects Wikipedia pronunciation respelling Other English pronunciation respellings
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Help:IPA/Malayalam

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