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这篇文章的共同创作者是 Lacy Windham, MD. Windham是美国田纳西州的一位认证妇产科医生。她曾在孟菲斯就读于田纳西大学健康科学中心的医学院,并于2010年在东弗吉尼亚医学院完成专科住院实习。Windham荣获过最杰出实习医生奖、最杰出肿瘤学住院医师和最杰出全科住院医师等奖项。
本文引用了21条参考,详情参见页面底部。
这篇文章已经被读过73,456次。
酵母菌感染是一种最常见的妇科病。女性阴道常有少量酵母菌寄居。但是,如果酵母菌过量增生,阴道就会受感染,引发念珠菌性阴道炎。[1] 有的症状仅仅是讨人厌,有的则让人难以忍受,但是在大多数情况下都很容易医治。而你只用留意一下自己的症状,比方说疼痛、酸痛、瘙痒、皮疹和灼热感。
步骤
- 检查症状。如果阴道受酵母菌感染,可能会出现几种体征。最常见的症状包括:[2]
- 阴道发痒、疼痛并感到整体不适。
- 排尿或性交时感到疼痛,或者出现灼热感。
- 阴道排出粘稠的白色分泌物,犹如茅屋芝士。并非所有女性都会出现这个症状。
- 考虑可能引发酵母菌感染的原因。如果你无法确定自己是否患上酵母菌感染,那就想一想最容易引发酵母菌感染的原因:
- 抗生素 — 许多女性在服用抗生素数天后,开始出现酵母菌感染。[3] 抗生素会杀死体内一些有益细菌,其中包括防止酵母菌过度生长的细菌,进而引起酵母菌感染。[4] 如果你近期有服用抗生素,并感到阴道发痒,有灼热感,很可能是受酵母菌感染了。
- 月经 — 女性最可能在月经期间受到酵母菌感染。如果你出现以上症状,而且快要来月经,很可能是受酵母菌感染了。[5]
- 避孕 — 避孕药和一次性事后避孕药会改变激素水平,可能引发酵母菌感染。[6]
- 现有的健康问题 — 有的疾病或状况也会引发酵母菌感染,比如人体免疫缺损病毒(HIV)或糖尿病。[7]
- 怀孕 — 怀孕时体内激素出现变化,你很可能在这期间受酵母菌感染。[8]
- 总体健康 — 生病、肥胖、不好的睡眠习惯和压力均会增加酵母菌感染的几率。[9]
- 向医生确认诊断结果。如果你之前从未被酵母菌感染,或是不确定诊断结果,应该约见妇科医生或护士。他们会进行简单的阴道检查,用棉签采集阴道分泌物样本,检测酵母菌细胞数。这被称为湿片法。医生可能还会进行其它测试,排除可能会引起相似症状的其它原因。[13]广告
- 自我治疗时要多加小心。只有在你非常确信诊断结果的情况下,才可以自行治疗酵母菌感染。不过,即便是之前曾受酵母菌感染的女性,也有可能会误诊。只要你有一丝不确定,最好还是去看医生。
- 使用外敷药。这是最常见的治疗方法。你可以购买成药,或是让医生开处方药,包括涂抹和(或)塞入阴道的抗真菌乳膏、软膏和栓剂。大部分药房和超市均有出售非处方乳膏和软膏。如果你找不到这些药膏,可以向药剂师求助。[20][21]
- 常用的外敷药是唑类抗真菌药,包括克霉唑(商品名Mycelex)、布康唑(商品名Gynezol或Fernstat)、硝酸咪康唑(商品名Monistat)和噻康唑(商品名Vagistat-1)。每一种药的使用期限不同(比如说有的只能用1次,有的需要连续使用1到3天)。先询问医生或药剂师哪一种选择最适合你。[22]
- 仔细阅读有关药物的所有指示。这些指示会指导你如何涂抹药膏,如何把栓剂塞入阴道。 一定要遵循指示。如果你不知道该做什么,请咨询医生或药剂师。
- 治疗方法视病情而定。轻度酵母菌感染通常在数天内就会好起来,比较严重的感染则需要花更长时间,才能有效治愈。医生可能给你开长达2周的药物。
- 如果你老是受感染,也应该告诉医生。这可能是激素失调的迹象,或是需要调整饮食。
- 为了控制酵母菌数量,医生可能给你开每周服用1或2次的药(例如Diflucan或氟康唑),需要吃上6个月。有的医生可能不开口服药,改开1周使用1次的克霉唑阴道栓剂。[26]
广告
- 服用益生菌。你也可以服用含有乳酸菌的口服补充剂,它们常被称为益生菌。大部分杂货店、药房和健康食品店均有出售。有的女性也使用益生菌栓剂治疗酵母菌感染,不过关于它的有效性的结论不一,还有待进一步研究。[35]
- 一般而言,益生菌可以安全使用,因为它们是体内本来就有的有益细菌。而且,益生菌从古到今也被用来制作发酵食物、饮料和发酵乳制品。但是还需要做更多研究,确认免疫系统比较弱的人是否也能安全使用益生菌(比如说老人和小孩)。
- 将益生菌塞入或抹在阴道前,最好先问过医生。大多数医生建议口服益生菌,而不是抹在阴道里。
- 减少摄入糖和咖啡因。巧克力、糖果甚至是果汁里的糖,会使血糖升高,促进酵母菌生长。咖啡因也会使血糖飙升得更快,加重糖带来的负面影响。[36]
- 如果酵母菌感染反复发作,你应该考虑减少平时摄取的糖和咖啡因。
- 服用Alka Seltzer消食片。虽然它们以治疗肚子痛、宿醉和身体疼痛为卖点,但也含有柠檬酸,可以治疗早期酵母菌感染。
- 使用苹果醋。用清水稀释后的苹果醋灌洗阴道能够缓解甚至治愈酵母菌感染。你可以用这种混合液每天灌洗一或两次。另外,你也可以用棉球蘸上苹果醋直接涂抹阴道。这样能缓解炎症并减轻瘙痒。
- 涂抹椰子油。椰子油对阴道酵母菌感染的治疗效果很好。只要每天至少涂抹两次并坚持一段时间,就能杀灭假丝酵母并让你彻底消除感染。[41]
- 使用大蒜。大蒜是另一种治疗酵母菌感染的良方。将一瓣大蒜切成两半,在晚上睡觉时放入阴道内。只用坚持几个晚上就能见效。但要也要注意,大蒜可能会让阴道产生灼烧感,而它的难闻气味也可能会困扰你。广告
警告
相关How.com.vns
- Prevent Yeast Infections at Home
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- Treat a Yeast Infection Naturally
- Tell if You Have a Candida Yeast Infection
参考
- ↑ http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001511.htm
- ↑ http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001511.htm
- ↑ http://www.everydayhealth.com/yeast-infection/antibiotics.aspx
- ↑ https://msu.edu/~eisthen/yeast/causes.html
- ↑ http://youngwomenshealth.org/2013/06/19/yeast-infection/
- ↑ http://blog.doctoroz.com/oz-experts/gyno-myth-yogurt-on-tampon
- ↑ http://blog.doctoroz.com/oz-experts/gyno-myth-yogurt-on-tampon
- ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/vaginitis/expert-answers/yeast-infection-during-pregnancy/faq-20058355
- ↑ http://youngwomenshealth.org/2013/06/19/yeast-infection/
- ↑ http://www.fda.gov/MedicalDevices/ProductsandMedicalProcedures/InVitroDiagnostics/HomeUseTests/ucm126074.htm
- ↑ www.fda.gov/MedicalDevices/ProductsandMedicalProcedures/InVitroDiagnostics/HomeUseTests/ucm126074.htm
- ↑ www.fda.gov/MedicalDevices/ProductsandMedicalProcedures/InVitroDiagnostics/HomeUseTests/ucm126074.htm
- ↑ http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001511.htm
- ↑ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8656170
- ↑ http://blog.doctoroz.com/oz-experts/gyno-myth-yogurt-on-tampon
- ↑ http://www.webmd.com/women/yeast-infections-should-you-treat-yourself-or-see-a-doctor
- ↑ http://www.webmd.com/women/yeast-infections-should-you-treat-yourself-or-see-a-doctor
- ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/yeast-infection/basics/treatment/con-20035129
- ↑ http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001511.htm
- ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/yeast-infection/basics/treatment/con-20035129
- ↑ http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001511.htm
- ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/yeast-infection/basics/treatment/con-20035129
- ↑ http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001511.htm
- ↑ http://women.webmd.com/tc/vaginal-yeast-infections-topic-overview
- ↑ http://www.womenshealth.gov/publications/our-publications/fact-sheet/vaginal-yeast-infections.html
- ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/yeast-infection/basics/treatment/con-20035129
- ↑ http://www.about-natural-remedies.net/YeastInfection.html
- ↑ https://www.msu.edu/user/eisthen/yeast/diy.html
- ↑ https://www.msu.edu/user/eisthen/yeast/diy.html
- ↑ https://msu.edu/~eisthen/yeast/diy.html
- ↑ http://www.webmd.com/women/yeast-infections-should-you-treat-yourself-or-see-a-doctor
- ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/yeast-infection/basics/alternative-medicine/con-20035129
- ↑ http://blog.doctoroz.com/oz-experts/gyno-myth-yogurt-on-tampon
- ↑ http://blog.doctoroz.com/oz-experts/gyno-myth-yogurt-on-tampon
- ↑ https://umm.edu/health/medical/altmed/supplement/lactobacillus-acidophilus
- ↑ https://msu.edu/~eisthen/yeast/causes.html
- ↑ http://www.webmd.com/women/yeast-infections-should-you-treat-yourself-or-see-a-doctor
- ↑ http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001511.htm
- ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/yeast-infection/basics/prevention/con-20035129
- ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/yeast-infection/basics/prevention/con-20035129
- ↑ http://www.yeastinfection.org/is-coconut-oil-good-for-treating-candida-infection/
- ↑ http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001511.htm
- ↑ http://www.webmd.com/women/yeast-infections-should-you-treat-yourself-or-see-a-doctor
- ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/yeast-infection/basics/treatment/con-20035129
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