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这篇文章的共同创作者是 Anthony Stark, EMR. Anthony Stark是加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省的一位认证紧急医疗响应专员(EMR)。他目前就职于Mountain View Safety Services,而此前曾在British Columbia Ambulance Service公司工作。Anthony拥有佐治亚理工学院的电气、电子和通信工程学士学位。
本文引用了8条参考,详情参见页面底部。
这篇文章已经被读过25,181次。
被热水烫伤是很常见的家庭意外事故。热饮、热洗澡水或是炉子上烧着的热水很容易翻倒或溅出,从而烫伤皮肤。这样的事随时都有可能发生在任何人身上。学会评估状况,判断烫伤程度,就能迅速了解该怎么处理伤口。
步骤
- 留意重度烧伤。不管怎么分类,要是关节或大面积皮肤被烫伤,均被视为重度烧伤。如果你有任何并发症,影响体征,或是无法进行日常活动,也会被视为重度烧伤。
- 四肢各占成人身体总面积的10%,躯干占20%。烧伤面积大于总体面积的20%,被视为重度烧伤。
- 5%身体面积(前臂、半条腿等)为三度或四度烧伤,伤及皮肤全层,也被视为重度烧伤。
- 重度烧伤的处理方法和三度或四度烧伤一样,必须立刻接受紧急治疗。[9]
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- 预防感染。降温后,你需要好好护理伤口,以免它受感染。用干净的手指或棉球涂抗菌药膏,比如Neosporin或杆菌肽。如果是开放性伤口,棉球的纤维可能会粘在伤口上,最好改用不粘纱布上药。然后用不会粘着伤口的绷带包扎,比如Telfa。绷带每天换一次或两次,每次换绷带时,都要重新上药。
- 不要挤破水泡。
- 如果皮肤在愈合过程中发痒,不要用手抓,以免伤口受感染。烧伤的皮肤非常容易受感染。
- 你也可以涂止痒的软膏,像是芦荟、可可脂和矿物油。
- 止痛。任何轻度烫伤都会引起疼痛。包好伤口后,将它举至高于心脏的位置。这样可以减轻肿胀和疼痛。如果还是有些痛,不妨服用非处方成药,像是扑热息痛(商品名Tylenol),或布洛芬(商品名Advil、Motrin)。按照指示每天服用数次,直到疼痛消退为止。
- 如果你选择扑热息痛,建议每4到6小时服用650毫克,每天不超过3250毫克。
- 如果你选择布洛芬,建议每6小时服用400到800毫克,每天不超过3200毫克。
- 一定要查看药瓶标注的推荐剂量,不同类型和品牌的止痛药的用药剂量都不一样。
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警告
- 如果烧伤看起来很严重,却没有痛感,伤势可能比你想象的更糟糕。立刻给伤口降温,如果你有任何疑虑,马上联络紧急救援服务。三度烧伤一开始的时候不痛,很多人都以为不严重。没有及时降温和寻求治疗会加重伤势,在愈合过程中出现并发症,而且更容易留疤。
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参考
- ↑ http://www.uptodate.com/contents/classification-of-burns?source=search_result&search=burn&selectedTitle=2~150
- ↑ http://www.uptodate.com/contents/skin-burns-the-basics?source=search_result&search=burn&selectedTitle=1~150
- ↑ http://www.uptodate.com/contents/classification-of-burns?source=search_result&search=burn&selectedTitle=2~150
- ↑ http://www.uptodate.com/contents/skin-burns-the-basics?source=search_result&search=burn&selectedTitle=1~150
- ↑ http://www.uptodate.com/contents/classification-of-burns?source=search_result&search=burn&selectedTitle=2~150
- ↑ http://www.uptodate.com/contents/skin-burns-the-basics?source=search_result&search=burn&selectedTitle=1~150
- ↑ http://www.uptodate.com/contents/classification-of-burns?source=search_result&search=burn&selectedTitle=2~150
- ↑ http://www.uptodate.com/contents/skin-burns-the-basics?source=search_result&search=burn&selectedTitle=1~150
- ↑ https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?ContentTypeID=90&ContentID=P01760
- ↑ http://www.medicinenet.com/burns/page3.htm
- ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-burns/basics/art-20056649
- ↑ http://www.uptodate.com/contents/skin-burns-the-basics?source=search_result&search=burn&selectedTitle=1~150
- ↑ http://www.uptodate.com/contents/treatment-of-minor-thermal-burns?source=search_result&search=burn&selectedTitle=1~150
- ↑ http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000030.htm
- ↑ http://www.uptodate.com/contents/skin-burns-the-basics?source=search_result&search=burn&selectedTitle=1~150
- ↑ http://www.uptodate.com/contents/treatment-of-minor-thermal-burns?source=search_result&search=burn&selectedTitle=1~150
- ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-burns/basics/art-20056649
- ↑ http://www.uptodate.com/contents/skin-burns-the-basics?source=search_result&search=burn&selectedTitle=1~150
- ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-burns/basics/art-20056649
- ↑ https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?ContentTypeID=90&ContentID=P01760
- ↑ http://familydoctor.org/familydoctor/en/prevention-wellness/staying-healthy/first-aid/first-aid-burns.html
- ↑ http://familydoctor.org/familydoctor/en/prevention-wellness/staying-healthy/first-aid/first-aid-burns.html
- ↑ http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000030.htm
- ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-burns/basics/art-20056649
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