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这篇文章的共同创作者是 Joshua Batt, DO. Batt博士是美国加州河滨社区医院的急诊科医生。他于2012年获得了图罗大学骨科医学院的骨科医学博士学位。Batt是美国骨科协会(AOA)的成员,并拥有超过5年的急诊医学经验。
本文引用了25条参考,详情参见页面底部。
这篇文章已经被读过9,561次。
你是否曾经在用火炉烹饪的时候,不小心烧伤手或手臂?是否会感到不知所措,或者不确定伤势有多严重?别担心,下面的方法可以帮你确保人身安全并治疗烧伤。
步骤
- 取下首饰。烧伤后皮肤会肿胀,可能导致手上戴的首饰变得很紧,很不舒服,影响血液循环甚至陷进肉里。取下烧伤部位的首饰,比如戒指或手镯。[16]
- 涂芦荟汁或烧伤膏。如果家里有芦荟植物,折断靠近茎秆中心的底层叶片。切掉边缘的尖刺,将芦荟叶纵向切开,直接将芦荟汁涂抹到烧伤部位。烧伤部位会立刻降温,有效舒缓一度烧伤。[17]
- 如果没有芦荟植物,可以使用市售的100%纯正芦荟胶。
- 芦荟不可以涂在开放性伤口上。
- 必要时服用止痛药。短期使用非处方止痛药是安全的,包括扑热息痛(泰诺)、萘普生(Aleve)或布洛芬(Advil、Motrin)。[18]
- 密切留意伤势。烧伤可能在几个小时内恶化。冲洗并治疗烧伤部位后,继续密切留意伤势,确认它没有发展成二度烧伤。如果恶化了,考虑就医治疗。[19]广告
- 取下首饰。烧伤后皮肤会肿胀,可能导致手上戴的首饰变得很紧,很不舒服,影响血液循环甚至陷进肉里。取下烧伤部位的首饰,比如戒指或手镯。[24]
- 处理破掉的水疱。如果水疱自行或不小心破掉,不要惊慌。用温和的肥皂和干净的水清洁它。抹上抗菌药膏,用新的绷带包扎伤口。
- 每天换新的绷带。烧伤部位的药膏和绷带每天都要更换,以免受感染。拆掉旧绷带,把它丢掉。用冷水冲洗烧伤部位,不要使用肥皂,不要擦拭皮肤。就让水在伤口上流几分钟。用干净的毛巾拍干。抹上烧伤膏、抗菌药膏或芦荟,促进伤口愈合。用新的无菌绷带包扎。
- 当伤口好了或快要好了,就不需要再包扎。
- 密切留意伤势。烧伤可能在几个小时内恶化。冲洗并治疗烧伤部位后,继续密切留意伤势,确认它没有发展成三度烧伤。如果恶化了,立刻就医治疗。[35]
- 在皮肤愈合期间,观察是否出现感染迹象和症状,比如烧伤部位流脓、发烧、肿胀或皮肤越来越红。要是出现这些迹象,赶紧就医治疗。
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- 识别重度烧伤。如果伤及关节或身体大面积,可以被归类为重度烧伤。伤势影响伤者的生命体征或日常活动,也被归类为重度烧伤。它们应该被当成三度烧伤处理,需要立刻就医治疗。[36]
- 识别三度烧伤。烧伤部位出血或看起来有点发黑,可能是三度烧伤。三度烧伤涉及所有皮肤层,包括表皮、真皮和皮下脂肪。烧伤部位可能呈白色、褐色、黄色或焦黑色。皮肤可能很干燥或呈皮革样。由于神经受损,所以不像一度或二度烧伤那样痛。[37] 三度烧伤需要立刻就医治疗。拨打紧急救援电话,或立刻前往急诊室。
- 烧伤部位可能发生感染,皮肤也许无法长回来。
- 如果衣服粘着烧伤部位,不要用力拉扯。要立刻去医院救助。
- 去医院接受治疗。抵达医院后,医护人员会迅速移动你,让你尽快得到适当治疗。他们可能开始给你输液,补充身体流失的电解质。他们也会清理烧伤部位,这个过程很痛,可能会给你吃止痛药。之后会抹上药膏或乳膏,用无菌绷带或纱布包扎。必要时,他们还会营造温暖潮湿的环境,以促进伤口愈合。[46]
- 营养师可能会建议高蛋白饮食,以促进伤口愈合。
- 如有必要,医生可能会和你讨论随后的植皮手术,一般从身体其它部位取皮来覆盖烧伤部位。
- 医护人员会教导你在家换药。出院后,你需要自己在家换药。按医生指示复诊,确保伤口愈合得当。[47]
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小提示
- 如果你有任何疑虑,不妨联络医生了解更多详情。
- 伤口很可能留下疤痕,尤其是比较严重的伤口。
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参考
- ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-chemical-burns/basics/art-20056667
- ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-electrical-burns/basics/art-20056687
- ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-electrical-burns/basics/art-20056687
- ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-electrical-burns/basics/art-20056687
- ↑ http://www.medicinenet.com/burns/page4.htm
- ↑ https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?ContentTypeID=90&ContentID=P01744
- ↑ http://www.woundsresearch.com/article/1179
- ↑ http://www.emedicinehealth.com/chemical_burns/page4_em.htm#when_to_seek_medical_care
- ↑ http://www.medicinenet.com/burns/page3.htm
- ↑ https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?ContentTypeID=90&ContentID=P01744
- ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-burns/basics/art-20056649
- ↑ http://www.cyh.com/HealthTopics/HealthTopicDetails.aspx?p=240&np=297&id=2529
- ↑ http://www.sharecare.com/health/skin-burn-treatment/why-shouldnt-treat-burn-ice
- ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-burns/basics/art-20056649
- ↑ http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000030.htm
- ↑ http://www.medicinenet.com/burns/page4.htm
- ↑ http://umm.edu/health/medical/altmed/herb/aloe
- ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-burns/basics/art-20056649
- ↑ http://www.medicinenet.com/burns/article.htm
- ↑ https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?ContentTypeID=90&ContentID=P01757
- ↑ https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?ContentTypeID=90&ContentID=P01757
- ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-burns/basics/art-20056649
- ↑ https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?ContentTypeID=90&ContentID=P01757
- ↑ http://www.medicinenet.com/burns/page4.htm
- ↑ http://www.askdrsears.com/topics/health-concerns/skin-care/burns
- ↑ http://www.cyh.com/HealthTopics/HealthTopicDetails.aspx?p=240&np=297&id=2529
- ↑ http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000030.htm
- ↑ https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?ContentTypeID=90&ContentID=P01757
- ↑ http://www.medicinenet.com/burns/page4.htm
- ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-burns/basics/art-20056649
- ↑ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4158441/
- ↑ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3263128/
- ↑ http://www.nursingtimes.net/using-honey-dressings-the-practical-considerations/205144.article
- ↑ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3263128/
- ↑ http://www.medicinenet.com/burns/article.htm
- ↑ https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?ContentTypeID=90&ContentID=P01760
- ↑ https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?ContentTypeID=90&ContentID=P01760
- ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-burns/basics/art-20056649
- ↑ https://depts.washington.edu/learncpr/askdoctor.html#What%20should%20I%20do
- ↑ http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/CPRAndECC/HandsOnlyCPR/Hands-Only-CPR_UCM_440559_SubHomePage.jsp
- ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-cpr/basics/art-20056600
- ↑ https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?ContentTypeID=90&ContentID=P01760
- ↑ http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000030.htm
- ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-burns/basics/art-20056649
- ↑ https://acep.org/Clinical---Practice-Management/Think-Plastic-Wrap-as-Wound-Dressing-for-Thermal-Burns/
- ↑ https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?ContentTypeID=90&ContentID=P01760
- ↑ http://www.chw.org/medical-care/burn-program/burn-treatments/classification-and-treatment-of-burns/third-degree-burns/
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