这篇文章的共同创作者是 Laura Marusinec, MD. Marusinec博士是美国威斯康星州儿童医院的一位认证儿科医生,同时也是该院临床实践委员会的成员。她于1995年获得了威斯康辛医学院的医学博士学位,并于1998年在威斯康星州的儿科医学院完成了专科住院实习。Marusinec还是美国医学作家协会以及小儿急症护理协会的成员。
本文引用了15条参考,详情参见页面底部。
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当表皮层和下层皮肤组织分离,中间积聚体液便形成了水疱。水疱的形成通常是摩擦或者高温所致,某些皮肤问题或疾病也会引起水疱。当皮肤层间充满血清,受伤的皮肤看起来就像是充了水的气球。[1] 要想皮肤康复得快,最好不要刺破水疱,挤出里面的液体,因为只有完整的皮肤才能够隔绝细菌,保护伤口不受感染。[2] 遗憾的是有时不管你多么小心,水疱还是会爆裂。渗出的液体不仅会弄得皮肤脏兮兮,没了血清保护的伤口也会感觉疼痛难忍。这时,你需要格外小心才能防止皮肤受感染。还好在水疱破裂的初期,你可以通过下面几个简单的步骤保护和观察伤口,确保它顺利愈合。
步骤
- 勤换创可贴。你需要每天更换创可贴,或者一旦打湿或弄脏创可贴就换新的。每次撕下旧的创可贴时,要小心地洗净并弄干伤口,然后再次涂抹抗菌药膏。[18]
- 创可贴需要贴到皮肤完全愈合为止。
- 应付水疱愈合过程中的发痒情况。瘙痒是水疱愈合过程中的正常现象,尤其是自然变干的水疱更容易发痒。这期间一定不能用手抓挠,否则会造成皮肤进一步破损。减轻瘙痒的方法之一是降低伤口皮肤温度,保持皮肤湿润。你可以把干净的布放进冰水里浸湿,然后贴在水疱上,或者直接将起水疱的部位泡在装着冷水的桶里。[19]
- 水疱部位一定要清洗干净后再次涂抹抗菌软膏,接着贴上创可贴。
- 如果创可贴周围的皮肤发红、发肿或发痒,你可能是对创可贴的粘合剂或者创可贴本身过敏。试试换个牌子,或者用不含粘合剂的无菌纱布垫以及医用胶布保护伤口。你还可以把含1%氢化可的松的药膏涂抹在水疱周围有过敏反应的皮肤上,但是不要涂在水疱上。
- 当伤口不再有痛感,你就可以剪去鼓起的皮肤了。伤口愈合后,水疱下方的皮肤不再敏感,这时你就可以放心地用干净无菌的剪刀将鼓起的皮肤剪掉了。[20]
- 留意伤口是否有感染的迹象。爆裂的水疱极容易感染,所以你要仔细观察伤口的愈合情况。一旦伤口出现了感染迹象,或者几天后水疱还没有开始愈合,你需要上医院接受治疗。感染迹象包括:
- 水疱周围的皮肤越来越疼。
- 水疱周围出现红肿或发热的现象。
- 水疱周围出现发散状红色纹路;这是血液中毒的迹象。
- 水疱开始流脓。
- 发烧
- 去看医生。虽然大多数水疱不用很长时间就能自愈,但是有的水疱必须通过医疗手段才能治愈,而且一刻也不能耽误。当你身上的水疱和下面提到的情况相符时,需要立即看医生,以接受专业治疗: [21]
- 水疱感染(见上面感染的迹象)
- 产生剧烈的疼痛
- 水疱反复复发
- 水疱出现在不寻常的地方,比如口腔内或者眼皮上
- 高温引起的水疱,比如晒伤或者烧烫伤
- 过敏引起的水疱,比如蚊虫叮咬
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参考
- ↑ http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Blisters/Pages/Causes.aspx
- ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-blisters/basics/art-20056691
- ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-blisters/basics/art-20056691
- ↑ http://www.webmd.com/first-aid/tc/broken-blisters-home-treatment-topic-overview
- ↑ http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Blisters/Pages/Treatment.aspx
- ↑ http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Blisters/Pages/Treatment.aspx
- ↑ http://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/bhcv2/bhcarticles.nsf/pages/Blisters
- ↑ http://www.thesurvivaldoctor.com/2014/01/13/sterilize/
- ↑ http://www.sportsmd.com/foot-ankle-injuries/proper-care-management-blisters/
- ↑ http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Blisters/Pages/Treatment.aspx
- ↑ http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/meds/a601098.html
- ↑ http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Blisters/Pages/Treatment.aspx
- ↑ http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Blisters/Pages/Treatment.aspx
- ↑ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3555355
- ↑ http://woundcareadvisor.com/apple-bites_vol2_no3/
- ↑ http://www.sportsmd.com/foot-ankle-injuries/proper-care-management-blisters/
- ↑ http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/patientinstructions/000497.htm
- ↑ http://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/tc/blisters-home-treatment
- ↑ http://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/tc/blisters-home-treatment
- ↑ http://www.sportsmd.com/foot-ankle-injuries/proper-care-management-blisters/
- ↑ http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Blisters/Pages/Treatment.aspx
- ↑ http://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/bhcv2/bhcarticles.nsf/pages/Blisters
- ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-blisters/basics/art-20056691
- ↑ http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Blisters/Pages/Prevention.aspx
- ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-blisters/basics/art-20056691
- ↑ http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Blisters/Pages/Prevention.aspx
- ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-blisters/basics/art-20056691
- ↑ http://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/bhcv2/bhcarticles.nsf/pages/Blisters
- ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-blisters/basics/art-20056691
- ↑ http://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/bhcv2/bhcarticles.nsf/pages/Blisters
- ↑ https://www.aad.org/dermatology-a-to-z/for-kids/about-skin/skin-cancer/treating-sunburn
- ↑ http://hospitals.unm.edu/burn/classification.shtml
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