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偏头痛的治疗目的是减轻或终止头痛发作,缓解伴发症状,预防头痛复发。治疗包括药物治疗和非药物治疗两个方面。非药物治疗主要是加强宣教,使患者了解偏头痛的发病机制和治疗措施,帮助患者确立科学、正确的防治观念和目标,保持健康的生活方式,寻找并避免各种偏头痛诱因。药物性治疗分为发作期治疗和预防性治疗。
步骤
- 1预防性治疗适用于:
- 频繁发作,尤其是每周发作1次以上严重影响日常生活和工作的患者。
- 急性期治疗无效,或因副作用和禁忌证无法进行急性期治疗者。
- 可能导致永久性神经功能缺损的特殊变异型偏头痛,如偏瘫性偏头痛、基底型偏头痛或偏头痛性梗死等。
- 2临床用于偏头痛预防的药物包括:①β肾上腺素能受体阻滞剂,如普萘洛尔、美托洛尔;②钙离子拮抗剂,如氟桂利嗪、维拉帕米;③抗癫痫药,如丙戊酸、托吡酯、加巴喷丁;④抗抑郁药,如阿米特林、丙米嗪、氟西汀;⑤5-HT受体拮抗剂,如苯噻啶。其中,普萘洛尔、阿米替林和丙戊酸三种在结构上无关的药物,是预防性治疗的支柱,一种药物无效可选用另一种药物。
- 3预祝长期被偏头痛困扰的患者早日康复,远离疾病!广告
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