这篇文章的共同创作者是 Roy Nattiv, MD. Roy Nattiv博士是美国加州洛杉矶市的一位认证小儿胃肠科医生,擅长处置各种小儿胃肠病和营养问题,比如便秘、腹泻、胃酸反流、食物过敏、体重增加缓慢、小肠细菌过度生长、炎性肠病和肠道易激综合症。Nattiv博士毕业自加州大学伯克利分校,之后在以色列特拉维夫大学Sackler医学院获得医学博士学位(MD)。他在阿尔伯特爱因斯坦医学院的蒙蒂菲奥里儿童医院完成儿科住院实习,接着在加州大学旧金山分校完成小儿胃肠病、肝病和营养专科培训。他获得了加州再生医学研究所(CIRM)的奖学金进行培训,在小儿炎性肠病方面的研究获得了北美儿科胃肠病,肝病和营养学会(NASPGHAN)的研究生至教员过渡奖。
本文引用了19条参考,详情参见页面底部。
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恶心就是胃部不适,想吐。感到恶心的时候,胃里的东西可能反流到喉咙这个位置,刺激控制呕吐的神经,于是口腔不由自主地出现呕吐反应。很多情况和药品都会引起恶心,比如肠胃感冒、癌症、化疗、晕动症(晕车、晕船等)、药物副作用、怀孕、眩晕、焦虑或其它情绪。别担心,恶心其实很常见,也有很多应对的方法。
步骤
- 有些食物会让恶心更严重,要尽量避免食用。这些东西会刺激你的胃,导致反胃、恶心和呕吐。所以感觉不对的时候,不要吃以下的东西:
- 油炸食品等油腻的食物
- 辣的或者调味较重的食物
- 薯片、炸面圈、快餐或者罐头等加工过的食物
- 含咖啡因和酒精的食物,特别是咖啡
- 香味特别重的食物
- 减少进食量。当你觉得不舒服的时候,避免吃太多东西。少吃多餐能减少胃的负担,有助消化。[5]
- 吃一些上面说过的温和食物。
- 小口喝水。恶心和胃部不适有关,所以你得留意任何进到胃里的东西。恶心的时候,小口地饮用不含酒精的饮料,像是白开水、运动饮料、苏打水和茶等。喝太多液体也会导致呕吐,所以一定要小口喝。试试每隔5到10分钟喝一两口。这样做能镇静你的胃,如果你已经吐过了,还能补充你失去的水分和电解质。[9][10]
- 像姜汁和柠檬苏打水等饮料对恶心很有帮助。喝的时候不必太刻意控制饮用量。
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参考
- ↑ https://healthandcounseling.unca.edu/nausea-vomiting-diarrhea
- ↑ http://familydoctor.org/familydoctor/en/prevention-wellness/food-nutrition/weight-loss/brat-diet-recovering-from-an-upset-stomach.html
- ↑ http://www.gundersenhealth.org/pregnancy/pregnancy/wellness-and-nutrition/anti-nausea-diet
- ↑ https://healthandcounseling.unca.edu/nausea-vomiting-diarrhea
- ↑ http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/patientinstructions/000122.htm
- ↑ https://www.g-pact.org/gastroparesis/alternative-nausea-treatment
- ↑ Lien H.C. et al. Effects of ginger on motion sickness and gastric slow-wave dysrhythmias induced by circular vection. American Journal of Physiology. Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology Published 1 March 2003 Vol. 284 no. 3
- ↑ Ernst E, Pittler M.H. Efficacy of ginger for nausea and vomiting: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials. British Journal of Anesthesia. Vol 84 Issue 3. p367-371. 2000
- ↑ http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/patientinstructions/000122.htm
- ↑ https://healthandcounseling.unca.edu/nausea-vomiting-diarrhea
- ↑ http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/patientinstructions/000122.htm
- ↑ http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/motionsickness.html
- ↑ http://www.healthguidance.org/entry/14412/1/How-to-Stop-Nausea.html
- ↑ http://www.gundersenhealth.org/pregnancy/pregnancy/wellness-and-nutrition/anti-nausea-diet
- ↑ Sites DS. et al. Controlled breathing with or without peppermint aromatherapy for postoperative nausea and/or vomiting symptom relief: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Perianesthesia nursing. 2014 Feb;29(1):12-9
- ↑ Lua PL, Zakaria NS. A brief review of current scientific evidence involving aromatherapy use for nausea and vomiting. Journal of complementary and alternative medicine. 2012 Jun;18(6):534-40
- ↑ Tate S. Peppermint oil: a treatment for postoperative nausea. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 1997, 26, 543–549
- ↑ https://www.g-pact.org/gastroparesis/alternative-nausea-treatment
- ↑ http://advance.uconn.edu/2002/020225/02022508.htm
- ↑ Sites DS. et al. Controlled breathing with or without peppermint aromatherapy for postoperative nausea and/or vomiting symptom relief: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Perianesthesia nursing. 2014 Feb;29(1):12-9
- ↑ http://www.health.harvard.edu/mind-and-mood/relaxation-techniques-breath-control-helps-quell-errant-stress-response
- ↑ http://www.cancer.org/treatment/treatmentsandsideeffects/physicalsideeffects/nauseaandvomiting/nauseaandvomiting/nausea-and-vomiting-other-treatments
- ↑ Madson AT, Silverman MJ. The effect of music therapy on relaxation, anxiety, pain perception, and nausea in adult solid organ transplant patients. Journal of Music Therapy. 2010 Fall;47(3):220-32
- ↑ Karagozoglu S, Tekyasar F, Yilmaz FA. Effects of music therapy and guided visual imagery on chemotherapy-induced anxiety and nausea-vomiting. Journal of Clinical Nursing. 2013 Jan;22(1-2):39-50
- ↑ http://www.cancer.org/treatment/treatmentsandsideeffects/physicalsideeffects/nauseaandvomiting/nauseaandvomiting/nausea-and-vomiting-other-treatments
- ↑ http://familydoctor.org/familydoctor/en/drugs-procedures-devices/over-the-counter/antiemetic-medicines-otc-relief-for-nausea-and-vomiting.html
- ↑ Flake Z, Scalley RD, Bailey A. Practical Selection of Antiemetics. American Family Physician. 2004 Mar 1;69(5):1169-1174.
- ↑ http://familydoctor.org/familydoctor/en/drugs-procedures-devices/over-the-counter/antiemetic-medicines-otc-relief-for-nausea-and-vomiting.html
- ↑ Flake Z, Scalley RD, Bailey A. Practical Selection of Antiemetics. American Family Physician. 2004 Mar 1;69(5):1169-1174.
- ↑ Flake Z, Scalley RD, Bailey A. Practical Selection of Antiemetics. American Family Physician. 2004 Mar 1;69(5):1169-1174.
- ↑ http://familydoctor.org/familydoctor/en/drugs-procedures-devices/over-the-counter/antiemetic-medicines-otc-relief-for-nausea-and-vomiting.html
- ↑ Flake Z, Scalley RD, Bailey A. Practical Selection of Antiemetics. American Family Physician. 2004 Mar 1;69(5):1169-1174.
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