Global isish kuchi

Global isish kuchi ( GIK ) bu issiqxona gazlari tomonidan atmosferaga qo'shilgan infraqizil termal nurlanishni ma'lum vaqt oralig'ida qancha qismi o'zlashtirishining o'lchov birligidir, bu birlik biror bir gazni bir xil og'irlikdagi karbonat angidrid tomonidan so'rilgan issiqlikka nisbatan xisoblab topiladi. GIK karbonat angidrid uchun 1 ga teng. Boshqa gazlar uchun bu birlik, ma'lum bir gaz infraqizil termal nurlanishni qanchalik kuchli yutishiga, gazning atmosferani qanchalik tez tark etishiga va hisobga olinadigan vaqtga bog'liq bo'ladi. Karbonat angidrid ekvivalenti ( CO e yoki CO ekvivalenti yoki CO -e) GIK dan hisob topiladi. Shunday qilib, u turli gazlarning iqlim ta'sirini o'lchash uchun umumiy shkala bo'lib hizmat qiladi.

Atmosferadagi uzoq muddatli issiqxona gazlarining tarqaluvchi ta'siri (issiqlik ta'siri) tezlashdi va 40 yil ichida deyarli ikki baravar ko'paydi.[1][2][3]

Metanning GIK (20+ yil vaqt uchun hisoblangan) 81,2 ni tashkil qiladi, ya'ni, masalan, bir tonna metan sizib chiqishi 81,2 tonna karbonat angidridni chiqarishga teng. Xuddi shunday bir tonna azot oksidi, masalan,odatda go'ng yoki sholi dalalaridadan ajralib chiqadi, 273 tonna karbonat angidridga teng. Shuning uchun metan atmosferamizni karbinat angidriddan ko'ra 81.2 marta ko'proq isitadi, azot oksidi esa 273 marta ko'roq iqlim o'zgarishlariga sabab bo'ladi.

Issiqxona gaziKimyoviy formulasi100-yillik Global isish kuchi

(2007 estimates, for 2013–2020 comparisons)
Carbon dioxideCO21
MethaneCH425
Nitrous oxideN2O298
Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)
HFC-23CHF314,800
Difluoromethane (HFC-32)CH2F2675
Fluoromethane (HFC-41)CH3F92
HFC-43-10meeCF3CHFCHFCF2CF31,640
Pentafluoroethane (HFC-125)C2HF53,500
HFC-134C2H2F4 (CHF2CHF2)1,100
1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a)C2H2F4 (CH2FCF3)1,430
HFC-143C2H3F3 (CHF2CH2F)353
1,1,1-Trifluoroethane (HFC-143a)C2H3F3 (CF3CH3)4,470
HFC-152CH2FCH2F53
HFC-152aC2H4F2 (CH3CHF2)124
HFC-161CH3CH2F12
1,1,1,2,3,3,3-Heptafluoropropane (HFC-227ea)C3HF73,220
HFC-236cbCH2FCF2CF31,340
HFC-236eaCHF2CHFCF31,370
HFC-236faC3H2F69,810
HFC-245caC3H3F5693
HFC-245faCHF2CH2CF31,030
HFC-365mfcCH3CF2CH2CF3794
Perfluorocarbons
Carbon tetrafluoride – PFC-14CF47,390
Hexafluoroethane – PFC-116C2F612,200
Octafluoropropane – PFC-218C3F88,830
Perfluorobutane – PFC-3-1-10C4F108,860
Octafluorocyclobutane – PFC-318c-C4F810,300
Perfluouropentane – PFC-4-1-12C5F129,160
Perfluorohexane – PFC-5-1-14C6F149,300
Perfluorodecalin – PFC-9-1-18bC10F187,500
Perfluorocyclopropanec-C3F617,340
Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6)
Sulfur hexafluorideSF622,800
Nitrogen trifluoride (NF3)
Nitrogen trifluorideNF317,200
Fluorinated ethers
HFE-125CHF2OCF314,900
Bis(difluoromethyl) ether (HFE-134)CHF2OCHF26,320
HFE-143aCH3OCF3756
HCFE-235da2CHF2OCHClCF3350
HFE-245cb2CH3OCF2CF3708
HFE-245fa2CHF2OCH2CF3659
HFE-254cb2CH3OCF2CHF2359
HFE-347mcc3CH3OCF2CF2CF3575
HFE-347pcf2CHF2CF2OCH2CF3580
HFE-356pcc3CH3OCF2CF2CHF2110
HFE-449sl (HFE-7100)C4F9OCH3297
HFE-569sf2 (HFE-7200)C4F9OC2H559
HFE-43-10pccc124 (H-Galden 1040x)CHF2OCF2OC2F4OCHF21,870
HFE-236ca12 (HG-10)CHF2OCF2OCHF22,800
HFE-338pcc13 (HG-01)CHF2OCF2CF2OCHF21,500
(CF3)2CFOCH3343
CF3CF2CH2OH42
(CF3)2CHOH195
HFE-227eaCF3CHFOCF31,540
HFE-236ea2CHF2OCHFCF3989
HFE-236faCF3CH2OCF3487
HFE-245fa1CHF2CH2OCF3286
HFE-263fb2CF3CH2OCH311
HFE-329mcc2CHF2CF2OCF2CF3919
HFE-338mcf2CF3CH2OCF2CF3552
HFE-347mcf2CHF2CH2OCF2CF3374
HFE-356mec3CH3OCF2CHFCF3101
HFE-356pcf2CHF2CH2OCF2CHF2265
HFE-356pcf3CHF2OCH2CF2CHF2502
HFE-365mcfI’ll t3CF3CF2CH2OCH311
HFE-374pc2CHF2CF2OCH2CH3557
– (CF2)4CH (OH) –73
(CF3)2CHOCHF2380
(CF3)2CHOCH327
Perfluoropolyethers
PFPMIECF3OCF(CF3)CF2OCF2OCF310,300
Trifluoromethyl sulfur pentafluorideSF5CF317,400

Global isish kuchini hisoblash tahrir

GIK quyidagi omillarga bog'liq:

  • ma'lum bir gaz tomonidan infraqizil nurlanishning yutilishi
  • ma'lum bir belgilangan vaqt (integratsiya davri)
  • gazning atmosferada qolish vaqti

Yuqori GIK katta infraqizil yutilish va uzoq atmosferada qolish vaqti bilan bog'liq. GWP ning yutilish to'lqin uzunligiga bog'liqligi ancha murakkab. Agar gaz ma'lum bir to'lqin uzunligida radiatsiyani samarali o'zlashtirsa ham, atmosfera shu to'lqin uzunligida eng ko'p nurlanishni usiz ham o'zlashtirsa, bu GIKga unchalik ham ta'sir qilmasligi mumkin. Agar gaz atmosfera yutmaydigan to'lqin uzunliklaridagi nurni yutsa, eng katta ta'sirga ega bo'ladi. GIK ning to'lqin uzunligiga bog'liqligi empirik tarzda topilgan va grafik sifatida nashr etilgan.

  1. „The NOAA Annual Greenhouse Gas Index (AGGI)“. NOAA.gov. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) (spring 2023). 2023-yil 24-mayda asl nusxadan arxivlangan.
  2. „Annual Greenhouse Gas Index“. U.S. Global Change Research Program. 2021-yil 21-aprelda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2020-yil 5-sentyabr.
  3. Butler J. and Montzka S. „The NOAA Annual Greenhouse Gas Index (AGGI)“. NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory/Earth System Research Laboratories (2020). 2013-yil 22-sentyabrda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2020-yil 5-sentyabr.