List of prime ministers of Portugal
The prime minister of the Portuguese Republic (Portuguese: primeiro-ministro da República Portuguesa) is the head of the country's Government.
Prime Minister of the Portuguese Republic Primeiro-ministro da República Portuguesa | |
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Style | His/Her Excellency |
Appointer | President of Portugal |
Term length | Four years maximum. No term limits |
Inaugural holder | Pedro de Sousa Holstein, Marquis of Palmela |
Formation | 24 September 1834 |
Website | portugal.gov.pt |
List
change No party
Chartist/Chamorro
Chamorro
Septemberist
Regenerator
Historic
Reformist
Regenerator/Historic
Progressist
Liberal Regenerator
Republican
Democratic
National Republican/Sidonist
Republican Liberal
Reconstitution Party
Nationalist Republican
Democratic Leftwing Republican
National Union/People's National Action
Democratic Renewal Party
Socialist
Social Democratic/Democratic Alliance
Democratic and Social Centre/Democratic Alliance
Constitutional Monarchy – Second Liberalism (1834–1910)
changeFirst Republic (1910–1926)
change# | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) | Term of office — Electoral mandates | Political party | Government | President (Mandate) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
54 | ![]() | Joaquim Teófilo Fernandes Braga (1843–1924) | 5 October 1910 | 4 September 1911 | Republican | 1st | Teófilo Braga![]() (1910–1911) |
1911 | |||||||
5 October 1910 revolution. | |||||||
55 | ![]() | João Pinheiro Chagas (1863–1925) | 4 September 1911 | 13 November 1911 | Republican | 2nd | Manuel de Arriaga![]() (1911–1915) |
—— | |||||||
56 | ![]() | Augusto César de Almeida de Vasconcelos Correia (1867–1951) | 13 November 1911 | 16 June 1912 | Republican | 3rd | |
—— | |||||||
57 | ![]() | Duarte Leite Pereira da Silva (1864–1950) | 16 June 1912 | 23 September 1912 | Republican | 4th | |
—— | |||||||
Royalist attack on Chaves. | |||||||
- | ![]() | Augusto César de Almeida de Vasconcelos Correia (interim) (1867–1951) | 23 September 1912 | 30 September 1912 | Republican | ||
—— | |||||||
![]() | Duarte Leite Pereira da Silva (1864–1950) | 30 September 1912 | 9 January 1913 | Republican | |||
—— | |||||||
58 | ![]() | Afonso Augusto da Costa (1871–1937) | 9 January 1913 | 9 February 1914 | Democratic | 5th | |
—— | |||||||
59 | ![]() | Bernardino Luís Machado Guimarães (1851–1944) | 9 February 1914 | 12 December 1914 | Democratic | 6th, 7th | |
—— | |||||||
Portugal in the World War I. | |||||||
60 | ![]() | "Vítor Hugo" de Azevedo Coutinho (1871–1955) | 12 December 1914 | 28 January 1915 | Democratic | 8th | |
—— | |||||||
61 | ![]() | Joaquim Pereira Pimenta de Castro (1846–1918) | 28 January 1915 | 14 May 1915 | Independent | 9th | |
—— | |||||||
- | Constitutional Junta composed of: José Norton de Matos António Maria da Silva José de Freitas Ribeiro Alfredo de Sá Cardoso Álvaro de Castro | 14 May 1915 | 15 May 1915 | None | |||
—— | |||||||
- | ![]() | João Pinheiro Chagas (did not take office) (1863–1925) | 15 May 1915 | 17 May 1915 | Independent | 10th, 11th | |
—— | |||||||
62 | ![]() | José Augusto Soares Ribeiro de Castro (1868–1929) | 17 May 1915 | 29 November 1915 | Democratic | Teófilo Braga![]() (1915) | |
1915 | |||||||
63 | ![]() | Afonso Augusto da Costa (2nd time) (1871–1937) | 29 November 1915 | 16 March 1916 | Democratic | 12th | Bernardino Machado![]() (1915–1917) |
—— | |||||||
Germany declares war on Portugal. | |||||||
64 | ![]() | António José de Almeida (1866–1929) | 16 March 1916 | 25 April 1917 | Sacred Union (Evolutionist Party with the Democrats) | 13th | |
—— | |||||||
65 | ![]() | Afonso Augusto da Costa (1871–1937) | 25 April 1917 | 7 October 1917 | Democratic | 14th | |
—— | |||||||
Sacred Union government. | |||||||
- | ![]() | José Maria Mendes Ribeiro Norton de Matos (interim) (1867–1955) | 7 October 1917 | 25 October 1917 | Democratic | ||
—— | |||||||
![]() | Afonso Augusto da Costa (1871–1937) | 25 October 1917 | 17 November 1917 | Democratic | |||
—— | |||||||
![]() | José Maria Mendes Ribeiro Norton de Matos (interim) (1867–1955) | 17 November 1917 | 8 December 1917 | Democratic | |||
—— | |||||||
66 | ![]() | Sidónio Bernardino Cardoso da Silva Pais (1872–1918) | 8 December 1917 | 14 December 1918 (died) | National Republican | 15th, 16th | Sidónio Pais![]() (1918) |
1918 | |||||||
Known as the President-King; establishment of an authoritarian regime; Spanish flu outbreak; assassinated. | |||||||
67 | ![]() | João do Canto e Castro da Silva Antunes Júnior (1862–1934) | 14 December 1918 | 23 December 1918 | National Republican | João do Canto e Castro![]() (1918–1919) | |
—— | |||||||
68 | ![]() | João Tamagnini de Sousa Barbosa (1883–1948) | 23 December 1918 | 27 January 1919 | National Republican | 17th, 18th | |
—— | |||||||
Monarchy of the North. | |||||||
69 | ![]() | José Maria Mascarenhas Relvas (1858–1929) | 27 January 1919 | 30 March 1919 | Independent | 19th | |
—— | |||||||
70 | Domingos Leite Pereira (1882–1956) | 30 March 1919 | 30 June 1919 | Independent | 20th | ||
—— | |||||||
71 | ![]() | Alfredo Ernesto de Sá Cardoso (reconducted) (1864–1950) | 30 June 1919 | 15 January 1920 | Democratic | 21st | |
1919 | |||||||
- | ![]() | Francisco José Fernandes Costa (did not take office) (1857–1925) | 15 January 1920 | Republican Liberal | 22nd | António José de Almeida![]() (1919–1923) | |
—— | |||||||
- | ![]() | Alfredo Ernesto de Sá Cardoso (reconducted) (1864–1950) | 15 January 1920 | 21 January 1920 | Democratic | 21st | |
—— | |||||||
72 | Domingos Leite Pereira (2nd time) (1882–1956) | 21 January 1920 | 8 March 1920 | Independent | 23rd | ||
—— | |||||||
73 | ![]() | António Maria Baptista (1866–1920) | 8 March 1920 | 6 June 1920 (died) | Democratic | 24th | |
—— | |||||||
74 | ![]() | José Ramos Preto (1871–1949) | 6 June 1920 | 26 June 1920 | Democratic | ||
—— | |||||||
75 | ![]() | António Maria da Silva (1872–1950) | 26 June 1920 | 19 July 1920 | Democratic (with the Socialists and Populars) | 25th | |
—— | |||||||
76 | António Joaquim Granjo (1881–1921) | 19 July 1920 | 20 November 1920 | Republican Liberal (with the Reconstitution Party) | 26th | ||
—— | |||||||
77 | ![]() | Álvaro Xavier de Castro (1878–1928) | 20 November 1920 | 30 November 1920 | Democratic (with Reconstitution Party and Populars) | 27th | |
—— | |||||||
78 | ![]() | Liberato Damião Ribeiro Pinto (1880–1949) | 30 November 1920 | 2 March 1921 | Democratic (with Reconstitution Party and Populars) | 28th | |
—— | |||||||
79 | ![]() | Bernardino Luís Machado Guimarães (2nd time) (1851–1944) | 2 March 1921 | 23 May 1921 | Democratic (with Reconstitution Party and Populars) | 29th | |
—— | |||||||
80 | ![]() | Tomé José de Barros Queirós (1872–1925) | 23 May 1921 | 30 August 1921 | Republican Liberal | 30th | |
—— | |||||||
81 | António Joaquim Granjo (2nd time) (1881–1921) | 30 August 1921 | 19 October 1921 | Republican Liberal | 31st | ||
1921 | |||||||
82 | ![]() | António Manuel Maria Coelho (1857–1943) | 19 October 1921 | 5 November 1921 | Independent | 32nd | |
—— | |||||||
83 | ![]() | Carlos Henrique da Silva Maia Pinto (1866–1932) | 5 November 1921 | 16 December 1921 | Independent | 33rd | |
—— | |||||||
84 | ![]() | Francisco Pinto da Cunha Leal (1888–1970) | 16 December 1921 | 7 February 1922 | Democratic | 34th | |
—— | |||||||
85 | ![]() | António Maria da Silva (2nd time) (1872–1950) | 7 February 1922 | 15 November 1923 | Democratic | 35th, 36th, 37th | |
1922 | |||||||
86 | ![]() | António Ginestal Machado (1874–1940) | 15 November 1923 | 18 December 1923 | Nationalist Republican | 38th | Manuel Teixeira Gomes![]() (1923–1925) |
—— | |||||||
87 | ![]() | Álvaro Xavier de Castro (2nd time) (1878–1928) | 18 December 1923 | 7 July 1924 | Nationalist Republican (with the Democratics) | 39th | |
—— | |||||||
88 | ![]() | Alfredo Rodrigues Gaspar (1865–1938) | 7 July 1924 | 22 November 1924 | Democratic | 40th | |
—— | |||||||
89 | ![]() | José Domingues dos Santos (1885–1958) | 22 November 1924 | 15 February 1925 | Democratic Leftwing Republican | 41st | |
—— | |||||||
90 | ![]() | Vitorino Máximo de Carvalho Guimarães (1876–1957) | 15 February 1925 | 1 July 1925 | Democratic | 42nd | |
—— | |||||||
91 | ![]() | António Maria da Silva (3rd time) (1872–1950) | 1 July 1925 | 1 August 1925 | Democratic | 43rd | |
—— | |||||||
92 | Domingos Leite Pereira (3rd time) (1882–1956) | 1 August 1925 | 18 December 1925 | Democratic | 44th | ||
—— | |||||||
93 | ![]() | António Maria da Silva (4th time) (1872–1950) | 18 December 1925 | 30 May 1926 | Democratic | 45th | Bernardino Machado![]() (1925–1926) |
1925 | |||||||
28 May 1926 coup d'état. |
Second Republic (1926–1974)
change# | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) | Term of office — Electoral mandates | Political party | Government | President (Mandate) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ditadura Nacional – Military Dictatorship (1926–1932) | |||||||||
94 | ![]() | José Mendes Cabeçadas Júnior (1883–1965) | 30 May 1926 | 19 June 1926 | None | 1st Dict. | José Mendes Cabeçadas![]() (1926) | ||
—— | |||||||||
28 May 1926 coup d'état. | |||||||||
95 | ![]() | Manuel de Oliveira Gomes da Costa (1863–1929) | 19 June 1926 | 9 July 1926 | None | 2nd Dict. | Manuel Gomes da Costa![]() (1926) | ||
—— | |||||||||
96 | António Óscar Fragoso Carmona (1869–1951) | 9 July 1926 | 18 April 1928 | None | 3rd Dict. | António Óscar Carmona![]() (1926–1951) | |||
—— | |||||||||
97 | José Vicente de Freitas (1869–1952) | 18 April 1928 | 8 July 1929 | None | 4th Dict. 5th Dict. | ||||
—— | |||||||||
98 | ![]() | Artur Ivens Ferraz (1870–1933) | 8 July 1929 | 21 January 1930 | None | 6th Dict. | |||
—— | |||||||||
99 | ![]() | Domingos Augusto Alves da Costa e Oliveira (1873–1957) | 21 January 1930 | 5 July 1932 | National Union | 7th Dict. | |||
—— | |||||||||
Estado Novo – New State (1932–1974) | |||||||||
100 | ![]() | António de Oliveira Salazar (1889–1970) | 5 July 1932 | 25 September 1968 | National Union | 8th Dict. 9th Dict. 10th Dict. | |||
1934, 1938, 1942, 1945, 1949, 1953, 1957, 1961, 1965 | Francisco Craveiro Lopes![]() (1951–1958) | ||||||||
Longest serving Prime Minister in Portuguese history; Formation of the Estado Novo; Strong economic and fiscal stabilization; Spanish Civil War; 1936 Naval Revolt; Concordat of 1940 between Portugal and the Holy See; Portugal neutrality during World War II; Marshall Plan; Repression of civil liberties and political freedoms; co-founder of United Nations, NATO, OCDE and EFTA; 1960s Economic expansion; loss of Portuguese India; 1961 "Abrilada" attempted coup; Portuguese Colonial War; 1962 Academic Crisis; Replaced after suffering a brain hemorrhage. | Américo Tomás![]() (1958–1974) | ||||||||
101 | ![]() | Marcello José das Neves Alves Caetano (1906–1980) | 25 September 1968 | 25 April 1974 | National Union from 1970 People's National Action | 11th Dict. | |||
1969, 1973 | |||||||||
Marceloist Spring of 1968–70; Economic expansion (until 1973), Portuguese Colonial War; 1973 oil crisis; Attempted March 1974 coup "Caldas Resurgence"; Carnation Revolution. |
Third Republic (1974–)
changeNo. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) | Term of office — Electoral mandates | Political party | Government | President (Mandate) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Provisional Governments of the Revolutionary Period (1974–1976) | |||||||
— | National Salvation Junta composed of: António de Spínola, Francisco da Costa Gomes Jaime Silvério Marques, Diogo Neto, Carlos Galvão de Melo José Baptista Pinheiro de Azevedo, António Alva Rosa Coutinho | 25 April 1974 | 16 May 1974 | None | — | António de Spínola![]() (1974) | |
— | |||||||
Military junta designated to maintain government following the Carnation Revolution. | |||||||
102 | Adelino da Palma Carlos (1905–1992) | 16 May 1974 | 18 July 1974 | Independent | Prov. I | ||
— | |||||||
Lawyer, opponent of the Estado Novo, appointed by Presidential nomination; Led a broad-based cabinet; Resigned due to disagreements with the electoral calendar. | |||||||
103 | Vasco dos Santos Gonçalves (1921–2005) | 18 July 1974 | 19 September 1975 | Independent | Prov. II | ||
Prov. III | |||||||
Prov. IV | Francisco da Costa Gomes![]() | ||||||
Prov. V | |||||||
1975 Cst. | |||||||
Army colonel; Beginning of the decolonization of the Portuguese colonies in Africa; Nationalization of banks and insurance companies after the events of 11 March 1975; Land reform; Introduction of a minimum wage; PREC; Dismissed by President Costa Gomes. | |||||||
104 | José Baptista Pinheiro de Azevedo (1917–1983) | 19 September 1975 | 23 June 1976 | Independent | Prov. VI | ||
— | |||||||
Admiral; Signature of the declaration of independence of Angola and official end of the Portuguese Colonial War; November 1975 Parliament siege; Coup of 25 November 1975; Approval of the new Constitution. | |||||||
— | Vasco Fernando Leotte de Almeida e Costa (1932–2010) interim[1] | 23 June 1976 | 23 July 1976 | Independent | (Prov. VI) | ||
— | |||||||
Minister of Internal Administration under Pinheiro de Azevedo; Becomes interim Prime Minister when Azevedo suffered a heart attack. | |||||||
Prime Ministers heading Constitutional Governments (1976–present[update]) | |||||||
105 | ![]() | Mário Alberto Nobre Lopes Soares (1924–2017) | 23 July 1976 | 28 August 1978 | rowspan="3" Template:Party shading/PS| Socialist | Template:Party shading/PS| I[Min.] | António Ramalho Eanes![]() (1976–1986) |
II[a] | |||||||
1976 | |||||||
First democratically appointed prime minister; 1976-1978 economic crisis; International Monetary Fund loan; Submission of the candidacy of Portugal to the EEC; Resigned after disagreements with CDS. | |||||||
106 | Alfredo Jorge Nobre da Costa (1923–1996) | 28 August 1978 | 22 November 1978 | Independent | III | ||
— | |||||||
Appointed by Presidential nomination. Resigned after his cabinet failed to gain Parliamentary support. | |||||||
107 | Carlos Alberto da Mota Pinto (1936–1985) | 22 November 1978 | 1 August 1979 | Independent | IV | ||
— | |||||||
Appointed by Presidential nomination; Resigned after failure to pass policies in Parliament. | |||||||
108 | ![]() | Maria de Lourdes Ruivo da Silva de Matos Pintasilgo (1930–2004) | 1 August 1979 | 3 January 1980 | Independent | V | |
— | |||||||
Appointed by Presidential nomination. First and only female Prime Minister of Portugal; Foundation of the NHS (National Health Service). | |||||||
109 | ![]() | Francisco Manuel Lumbrales de Sá Carneiro (1934–1980) | 3 January 1980 | 4 December 1980 (died) | rowspan="2" Template:Party shading/PSD| Social Democratic | VI[b] | |
1979, 1980 | |||||||
First centre-right prime minister since the Revolution; 1980 Azores Islands earthquake; Died in a plane crash. The accident triggered a number of conspiracy theories. | |||||||
— | ![]() | Diogo Pinto de Freitas do Amaral (1941–2019) interim | 4 December 1980 | 9 January 1981 | rowspan="2" Template:Party shading/PP| Democratic and Social Centre | (VI)[b] | |
— | |||||||
Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister under Francisco Sá Carneiro; interim Prime Minister upon Sá Carneiro's death. | |||||||
110 | ![]() | Francisco José Pereira Pinto Balsemão (1937–) | 9 January 1981 | 9 June 1983 | rowspan="3" Template:Party shading/PSD| Social Democratic | VII[b] | |
VIII[b] | |||||||
— | |||||||
1982 constitutional revision; Abolition of the Council of the Revolution; Creation of the Constitutional Court; First general strike in democracy; Resigned after a poor result in the 1982 local elections. | |||||||
111 | ![]() | Mário Alberto Nobre Lopes Soares (1924–2017) (2nd time) | 9 June 1983 | 6 November 1985 | rowspan="2" Template:Party shading/PS| Socialist | IX[c] | |
1983 | |||||||
Central Bloc (PS/PSD) coalition; Portugal's entry to the EEC; Dona Branca scandal; 1983-1985 economic crisis; International Monetary Fund loan; Moimenta-Alcafache train crash; Resigned after the Central Bloc coalition split. | |||||||
112 | ![]() | Aníbal António Cavaco Silva (1939–) | 6 November 1985 | 28 October 1995 | rowspan="4" Template:Party shading/PSD| Social Democratic | Template:Party shading/PSD| X[Min.] | |
Template:Party shading/PSD| XI | Template:Party shading/PS rowspan="5" align=center| Mário Soares![]() (1986–1996) | ||||||
rowspan="2" Template:Party shading/PSD| XII | |||||||
1985, 1987, 1991 | |||||||
Longest serving prime minister in democracy and 3rd longest in Portuguese history; economic expansion; privatization of many previously government-owned industries; First time a single party won an absolute majority since the revolution; Chiado 1988 fire; 1989 and 1992 constitutional revisions; "Secos e molhados" police protests; Signing of the Maastricht Treaty; End of the Cold War; Bicesse Accords; Gulf War; 1992 Portuguese Presidency of the Council of the European Union; Legalization of private TV channels; Early 1990s recession; Riots against tolls on 25 April Bridge. | |||||||
113 | ![]() | António Manuel de Oliveira Guterres (1949–) | 28 October 1995 | 6 April 2002 | rowspan="3" Template:Party shading/PS| Socialist | Template:Party shading/PS| XIII[Min.] | |
rowspan="2" Template:Party shading/PS| XIV[Min.] | Template:Party shading/PS rowspan="10" align=center| Jorge Sampaio![]() (1996–2006) | ||||||
1995, 1999 | |||||||
Economic expansion; Expo 98; 1998 Abortion and Regionalisation referendums; 1998 Azores Islands earthquake; Macau handover; East Timor issue; 1997 and 2001 constitutional revisions; 2000 Portuguese Presidency of the Council of the European Union; Hintze Ribeiro Bridge disaster; Decriminalization of drug use; Portugal joins the European single currency; Resigned after a disastrous result in the 2001 local elections. | |||||||
114 | ![]() | José Manuel Durão Barroso (1956–) | 6 April 2002 | 17 July 2004 | rowspan="2" Template:Party shading/PSD| Social Democratic | XV[d] | |
2002 | |||||||
Prestige disaster; 2003 Portuguese wildfires; Casa Pia child sexual abuse scandal; Iraq War; UEFA Euro 2004; 2004 constitutional revision; Resigned to become President of the European Commission. | |||||||
115 | ![]() | Pedro Miguel de Santana Lopes (1956–) | 17 July 2004 | 12 March 2005 | rowspan="2" Template:Party shading/PSD| Social Democratic | XVI[e] | |
— | |||||||
Mayor of Lisbon (2002–2004, 2005). Replaced José Manuel Barroso as Prime Minister; Resigned due to the dissolution of Parliament by the President. | |||||||
116 | ![]() | José Sócrates de Carvalho Pinto de Sousa (1957–) | 12 March 2005 | 21 June 2011 | rowspan="3" Template:Party shading/PS| Socialist | Template:Party shading/PS| XVII | |
rowspan="2" Template:Party shading/PS| XVIII[Min.] | Template:Party shading/PSD rowspan="8" align=center| Aníbal Cavaco Silva![]() (2006–2016) | ||||||
2005, 2009 | |||||||
First time the Socialist Party won an absolute majority; 2005 constitutional revision; 2005 Portuguese wildfires; 2007 Abortion referendum; 2007 Portuguese Presidency of the Council of the European Union; Treaty of Lisbon; Independente affair; Face Oculta scandal; Nationalization of BPN; Same-sex marriage legislation; 2011 Portuguese protests; 2010–2014 Portuguese financial crisis; Resigned after failure to pass austerity measures in Parliament. | |||||||
117 | ![]() | Pedro Manuel Mamede Passos Coelho (1964–) | 21 June 2011 | 26 November 2015 | rowspan="3" Template:Party shading/PSD| Social Democratic | XIX[f] | |
rowspan="2" Template:Party shading/PàF;"| XX[Min.][g] | |||||||
2011, 2015 | |||||||
2010–2014 Portuguese financial crisis; 2011 Portuguese IMF/ECB bailout; Secret Services and Ongoing espionage scandal; 15 September 2012 mass protests; European Fiscal Union approval; 2013 governmental crisis and reshuffle; 2014 Banco Espírito Santo bankruptcy and money laundering scandal; Arrest of former Prime Minister José Sócrates; Won the 2015 election but lost his majority; Defeated in a vote of no confidence and removed from office. | |||||||
118 | ![]() | António Luís Santos da Costa (1961–) | 26 November 2015 | 2 April 2024 | rowspan="4" Template:Party shading/PS| Socialist | Template:Party shading/PS| XXI[Min.] | |
Template:Party shading/PS|XXII[Min.] | Template:Party shading/PSD rowspan="7" align=center| Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa![]() (2016–) | ||||||
rowspan="2" Template:Party shading/PS| XXIII | |||||||
2019, 2022 | |||||||
First Prime Minister from the second largest party in the elections; Formed a parliamentary agreement with BE, PCP and PEV; June 2017 Portugal wildfires; Tancos arms theft scandal; October 2017 Iberian wildfires; COVID-19 pandemic; 2020 stock market crash and subsequent recession; 2021 Portuguese Presidency of the Council of the European Union; 2021–2022 inflation surge; Resigned following the Operation Influencer corruption investigation. | |||||||
119 | ![]() | Luís Filipe Montenegro Cardoso de Morais Esteves (1973–) | 2 April 2024 | Incumbent | rowspan="2" Template:Party shading/PSD|Social Democratic | XXIV[Min.][h] | |
2024 | |||||||
Minority government led by the Democratic Alliance coalition. |
References
change- ↑ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 June 2007. Retrieved 2007-06-15.
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