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List of presidents of Portugal

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The complete list of presidents of the Portuguese Republic consists of the 20 heads of state in the history of Portugal since the 5 October 1910 revolution.

List change

    Republican
    Democratic
    National Republican/Sidonist
    Evolutionist Party/Republican Liberal
    National Union/Popular National Action
    Democratic Renewal
    Socialist
    Social Democratic
    No party

First Republic (1910–1926) change

No.President
(Birth–Death)		PortraitElectedTerm of officePolitical partyRef.
President of the Provisional Government of the Republic (1910–1911)
-Teófilo Braga[1]
(1843–1924)		 –October 5, 1910August 24, 1911Republican[source?]
Presidents of the Republic (1911–1926)
1Manuel de Arriaga
(1840–1917)		 1911August 24, 1911May 26, 1915[R]Republican
later Democratic Republican[2]		[3][2]
2Teófilo Braga
(1843–1924)		 May
1915		May 29, 1915October 5, 1915Democratic Republican[4][3][4]
3Bernardino Machado
(1851–1944)		 August
1915		October 5, 1915December 5, 1917[C]Democratic Republican[5][3][5]
-Ministry
(Head of State ex officio)
President: Sidónio Pais		–December 12, 1917April 28, 1918–[3][6]
4Sidónio Pais[7]
(1872–1918)		 April
1918		April 28, 1918December 14, 1918[A]National Republican
or "Sidonist"[source?]		[3][6]
-Ministry
(Head of State ex officio)
President: João do Canto e Castro		–December 14, 1918December 16, 1918–[source?]
5João do Canto e Castro[8]
(1862–1934)		 December
1918		December 16, 1918October 5, 1919National Republican
or "Sidonist"[source?]		[3][9]
6António José de Almeida
(1866–1929)		 1919October 5, 1919October 5, 1923Evolutionist Party
later Republican Liberal[source?]		[3][10]
7Manuel Teixeira Gomes
(1860–1941)		 1923October 5, 1923December 11, 1925[R]Democratic Republican[source?][3][11]
8Bernardino Machado
(1851–1944)
2nd time		 1925December 11, 1925May 31, 1926[C]Democratic Republican[source?][3][5]

Second Republic (1926–1974) change

No.President
(Birth–Death)		PortraitElectedTerm of officePolitical partyRef.
Ditadura Nacional (National Dictatorship) (1926–1932)
9José Mendes Cabeçadas[12]
(1883–1965)		 –May 31, 1926June 17, 1926[C]Military officer[source?][3][13]
-Ministry
(Head of State ex officio)
President: Manuel Gomes da Costa		–June 17, 1926June 29, 1926–[source?]
10Manuel Gomes da Costa[12]
(1863–1929)		 –June 29, 1926July 9, 1926[C]Military officer[source?][3][14]
-Ministry
(Head of State ex officio)
President: Óscar Carmona		–July 9, 1926November 16, 1926–[3][15]
11Óscar Carmona[12][16]
(1869–1951)		–November 16, 1926March 25, 1928Military officer[3][15]
Estado Novo (New State) (1932–1974)
11Óscar Carmona
(1869–1951)		1928April 15, 1928April 26, 1935Military officer
from 1932
National Union		[3][15]
1935April 26, 1935April 15, 1942
1942April 15, 1942April 20, 1949
1949April 20, 1949April 18, 1951[D]
-António de Oliveira Salazar[17]
(1889–1970)
(interim)		 –April 18, 1951July 21, 1951National Union[source?]
12Francisco Craveiro Lopes
(1894–1964)		 1951July 21, 1951August 9, 1958National Union[3][18]
13Américo Tomás
(1894–1987)		 1958August 9, 1958August 9, 1965National Union
from 1970
People's National Action		[3][19]
1965August 9, 1965August 9, 1972
1972August 9, 1972April 25, 1974[C]

Third Republic (1974–present) change

No.President
(Birth–Death)		PortraitElectedTerm of officePolitical partyRef.
Presidents appointed in the aftermath of the Carnation Revolution (1974–1976)
-National Salvation Junta[20]
President: António de Spínola		–April 25, 1974May 15, 1974–[21]
14António de Spínola
(1910–1996)		 –May 15, 1974September 30, 1974[R]Military officer[3][21]
15Francisco da Costa Gomes
(1914–2001)		 –September 30, 1974July 13, 1976Military officer[3][22]
Presidents elected under the Constitution of the Republic (1976–present)
16António Ramalho Eanes
(born 1935)		 1976July 14, 1976January 14, 1981Military officer
from 1985
Democratic Renewal		[3][23]
1980January 14, 1981March 9, 1986
17Mário Soares
(1924–2017)		 1986March 9, 1986March 9, 1991Socialist[3][24]
1991March 9, 1991March 9, 1996
18Jorge Sampaio
(1939-2021)		 1996March 9, 1996March 9, 2001Socialist[3][25]
2001March 9, 2001March 9, 2006
19Aníbal Cavaco Silva
(born in 1939)		 2006March 9, 2006March 9, 2011Social Democratic[3][26]
2011March 9, 2011March 9, 2016
20Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa
(born 1948)		 2016March 9, 2016March 9, 2021Social Democratic[27]
2021March 9, 2021Incumbent
(Term ends on March 9, 2026)
  • Left office early:
[A] Assassinated.
[D] Died in office of natural causes.
[R] Resigned.
[C] Forced to resign due to a coup d'état.

References change

  1. ↑ Teófilo Braga served as President of the Provisional Government, the de facto head of government and head of state, from the republican revolution of 1910 to the election of Manuel de Arriaga, the 1st President of Portugal.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Manuel de Arriaga - PREVIOUS PRESIDENTS: - PRESIDENCIA.PT". www.presidencia.pt (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2020-09-03.
  3. ↑ 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 3.10 3.11 3.12 3.13 3.14 3.15 3.16 3.17 3.18 3.19 3.20 3.21 Braga, Paulo Drumond 1965- (2010). "Os Presidentes da República Portuguesa : sociologia de uma função". {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Teófilo Braga". PRESIDENCY OF THE PORTUGUESE REPUBLIC. Retrieved 2016-08-17.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 "Bernardino Machado - PREVIOUS PRESIDENTS: - PRESIDENCIA.PT". www.presidencia.pt (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2020-09-03.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 "Sidónio Pais - PREVIOUS PRESIDENTS: - PRESIDENCIA.PT". www.presidencia.pt (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2020-09-03.
  7. ↑ After leading a coup d'état, Sidónio Pais became President of the Revolutionary Junta and later Prime Minister (President of the Ministry). He then abolished the post of Prime Minister, assuming himself as the head of government as President of the Republic. He was assassinated in 1918.
  8. ↑ Canto e Castro was head of the Council of Ministers that served as the head of state of Portugal after the assassination of Sidónio Pais in 1918, from December 14 to December 16. He then became interim president until the election of António José de Almeida.
  9. ↑ "Canto e Castro - PREVIOUS PRESIDENTS: - PRESIDENCIA.PT". www.presidencia.pt (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2020-09-03.
  10. ↑ "António José de Almeida - PREVIOUS PRESIDENTS: - PRESIDENCIA.PT". www.presidencia.pt (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2020-09-03.
  11. ↑ "Teixeira Gomes - PREVIOUS PRESIDENTS: - PRESIDENCIA.PT". www.presidencia.pt (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2020-09-03.
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 Mendes Cabeçadas, Gomes da Costa and Óscar Carmona were the heads of the revolutionary provisional governments during the year of 1926. Although not called Presidents, they were de facto heads of state.
  13. ↑ "Mendes Cabeçadas - PREVIOUS PRESIDENTS: - PRESIDENCIA.PT". www.presidencia.pt (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2020-09-04.
  14. ↑ "Gomes da Costa - PREVIOUS PRESIDENTS: - PRESIDENCIA.PT". www.presidencia.pt (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2020-09-04.
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 "Óscar Carmona - PREVIOUS PRESIDENTS: - PRESIDENCIA.PT". www.presidencia.pt (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2020-09-04.
  16. ↑ Óscar Carmona served initially as head of the revolutionary government after a counter-coup deposed Gomes da Costa. He was de facto head of state between July 9 and November 16, 1926. However he officially took office as President of the Republic on November 16, 1926. Six years later, in 1932, the Estado Novo was proclaimed and the National Union, the only legal party, was formed by António de Oliveira Salazar. Carmona joined the party and was the party's candidate for every presidential election (that were considered fraudulent) until 1951, when he died.
  17. ↑ António de Oliveira Salazar, the dictatorial President of the Council of Ministers (Prime Minister) occupied the post of president interim between the death of Óscar Carmona and the election of Francisco Craveiro Lopes.
  18. ↑ "Craveiro Lopes - PREVIOUS PRESIDENTS: - PRESIDENCIA.PT". www.presidencia.pt (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2020-09-04.
  19. ↑ "Américo Tomás - PREVIOUS PRESIDENTS: - PRESIDENCIA.PT". www.presidencia.pt (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2020-09-04.
  20. ↑ Between the Carnation Revolution on April 25, 1974 and May 15 of the same year, António de Spínola was the head of the National Salvation Junta, being the de facto head of state and government. After May 15 Adelino da Palma Carlos became the Prime Minister, and Spínola continued as de jure head of state as President of the Republic.
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 "António de Spínola - PREVIOUS PRESIDENTS: - PRESIDENCIA.PT". www.presidencia.pt (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2020-10-05.
  22. ↑ "Costa Gomes - PREVIOUS PRESIDENTS: - PRESIDENCIA.PT". www.presidencia.pt (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2020-10-05.
  23. ↑ "Ramalho Eanes - PREVIOUS PRESIDENTS: - PRESIDENCIA.PT". www.presidencia.pt (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2020-10-05.
  24. ↑ "Mário Soares - PREVIOUS PRESIDENTS: - PRESIDENCIA.PT". www.presidencia.pt (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2020-10-05.
  25. ↑ "Jorge Sampaio - PREVIOUS PRESIDENTS: - PRESIDENCIA.PT". www.presidencia.pt (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2020-10-05.
  26. ↑ "Aníbal Cavaco Silva - PREVIOUS PRESIDENTS: - PRESIDENCIA.PT". www.presidencia.pt (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2020-10-05.
  27. ↑ "Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa". www.presidencia.pt (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2020-10-05.


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