Presiden Venezuela

Presiden Venezuela ialah ketua negara dan ketua kerajaan Venezuela. Sistem presiden semasa memperuntukkan tempoh 6 tahun bagi setiap penggal sehingga pilihan raya baru diadakan semula. Dalam pada itu pungutan undi boleh diadakan bila-bila masa dalam tempoh tiga tahun presiden berkuasa.

Jawatan presiden diberi kepada seseorang yang memenangi dalam pilihan raya sebagaimana deklarasi kemerdekaan selepas era pemerintahan penjajahan Sepanyol di Venezuela yang bermula 5 Julai 1811. Presiden pertama negara Venezela ialah Cristobal Mendoza.

Selepas kemerdekaan menerusi Peperangan Amerika Selatan dan selepas era Gran Colombia, ia dikenali sebagai Venezuela sekarang. Ada tempoh kekosongan antara tahun 1814 hingga 1819. Kongres Angostora telah melantik Simon Bolivar menjadi Ketua Pemerintah Republik Venezuela dari 1819 hingga 1830. Senarai dibawah termasuk tokoh pemangku jawatan presiden.

Senarai Presiden Venezuela sunting

Fifth Republic Movement Bebas Kerajaan tentera Democratic Action COPEI

# (unique)	# (all)	# (selected all)		Presiden	Tarikh menjawat	Cara menjawat	Pekerjaan
1	1	1		Cristóbal Mendoza	1811-1813	Dilantik oleh Kongres Pertama	Peguam / Ahli politik
2	2	2		Simón Bolívar	1813-1814	Pilihan tidak langsung	Jeneral tentera
3	3	2		Simón Bolívar	1819-1830	Pilihan tidak langsung	Jeneral tentera
4	4	3		José Antonio Páez	1830-1835	Pilihan tidak langsung	Jeneral tentera
5	—	5		Andrés Narvarte	1835-1835	Pemangku Presiden	Peguam / Ahli politik
6	5	4		José María Vargas	1835-1835	Pilihan tidak langsung	Doktor
7	—	—		Santiago Mariño	1835-1835	Pemangku Presiden	Tentera / Ahli politik
8	—	6		José María Carreño	1835-1835	Pemangku Presiden	Jeneral tentera
9	—	4		José María Vargas	1835-1836	Pengembalian	Doktor
10	6	5		Andrés Narvarte	1836-1837	Penjaga sementara	Peguam / Ahli politik
11	7	6		José María Carreño	1837-1837	Penjaga sementara	Jeneral tentera
12	8	7		Carlos Soublette	1837-1839	Penjaga sementara	Jeneral tentera
13	9	3		José Antonio Páez	1839-1843	Pilihan tidak langsung	Jeneral tentera
14	10	7		Carlos Soublette	1843-1847	Pilihan tidak langsung	Jeneral tentera
15	11	8		José Tadeo Monagas	1847-1851	Pilihan tidak langsung	Jeneral tentera
16	12	9		José Gregorio Monagas	1851-1855	Pilihan tidak langsung	Jeneral tentera
17	13	8		José Tadeo Monagas	1855-1858	Pilihan tidak langsung	Jeneral tentera
18	14	10		Pedro Gual Escandon	1858-1858	—	—
19	15	11		Julián Castro	1858-1859	Rampasan kuasa	Jeneral tentera
20	16	10		Pedro Gual Escandon	1859-1859	—	—
21	17	11		Manuel Felipe Tovar	1859-1861	Rampasan kuasa (penggal pertama); pilihan raya langsung (penggal kedua)	Ahli politik
22	18	10		Pedro Gual Escandon	1861-1861	—	—
23	19	3		José Antonio Páez	1861-1863	—	—
24	20	12		Juan Crisóstomo Falcón	1863 - 1865	Menang dalam Perang Persekutuan (penggal pertama)	—
25	20	12		Juan Crisóstomo Falcón	1865 - April 1868	Pilihan tidak langsung (penggal kedua)	Jeneral tentera
26	21	13		Manuel Ezequiel Bruzual	1868-1868	—	—
27	22	14		Guillermo Tell Villegas	1868-1869	—	—
28	23	15		José Ruperto Monagas	1869-1870	Revolusi	Jeneral tentera
29	24	14		Guillermo Tell Villegas	1870-1870	—	—
30	25	16		Antonio Guzmán Blanco	1870-1877	Revolusi (penggal pertama)	Peguam / Jeneral tentera
31	25	16		Antonio Guzmán Blanco	1870-1877	Pilihan tidak langsung (penggal kedua)	Peguam / Jeneral tentera
32	26	17		Francisco Linares Alcántara	1877-1878	Pilihan tidak langsung	Jeneral tentera
33	27	18		José Gregorio Varela	1878-1878	—	—
34	28	16		Antonio Guzmán Blanco	1879-1880	Pilihan raya Negeri Persekutuan	Peguam / Jeneral tentera
35	28	16		Antonio Guzmán Blanco	1880-1882	Pilihan raya Negeri Persekutuan	Peguam / Jeneral tentera
36	28	16		Antonio Guzmán Blanco	1882-1884	Pilihan raya Negeri Persekutuan	Peguam / Jeneral tentera
37	29	18		Joaquín Sinforiano de Jesús Crespo	1884-1886	Pilihan raya Negeri Persekutuan	Jeneral tentera
38	30	16		Antonio Guzmán Blanco	1886-1887	Pilihan raya Negeri Persekutuan	Peguam / Jeneral tentera
39	31	19		Hermógenes López	1887 - 1888	Penjaga sementara	Jeneral tentera
40	32	20	Fail:Rojapaul.jpg	Juan Pablo Rojas Paúl	1888 - 1890	Pilihan raya Negeri Persekutuan	Peguam
41	33	27	Fail:Presidente Raimundo Andueza.jpg	Raimundo Andueza Palacio	1890-1892	Pilihan raya Negeri Persekutuan	Peguam
42	34	—		Guillermo Tell Villegas	1892-1892	—	—
43	35	28		Joaquín Sinforiano de Jesús Crespo	1892-1894	Revolusi	Jeneral tentera
44	35	29		Joaquín Sinforiano de Jesús Crespo	1894-1898	Revolusi	Jeneral tentera
45	36	30	Fail:PresidenteIgnacioAndrade.jpg	Ignacio Andrade	1898-1899	Pilihan raya langsung	Ahli politik
46	37	31	Fail:PresidenteCiprianoCastro.jpg	Cipriano Castro Ruiz	1899-1908	Revolusi	Jeneral tentera
47	38	32		Juan Vicente Gómez	1908-1914	Rampasan kuasa	Jeneral tentera
48	39	—	Fail:PresidenteVictorinoMarquezBustillos.jpg	Victorino Márquez Bustillos	1915-1922	Appointed provisional president^[1]	Peguam / Ahli politik
49	40	32		Juan Vicente Gómez	1922-1929	—	—
50	41	—		Juan Bautista Pérez	30 Mei 1929 - 13 Jun 1931	Pilihan tidak langsung by the National Assembly	Peguam / magistrate
51	42	32		Juan Vicente Gómez	1931-1935	Pilihan tidak langsung by the National Assembly	Jeneral tentera
52	43	33	Fail:PresidenteEleazarLopez.jpg	Eleazar López Contreras	1935-1936	Penjaga sementara (penggal pertama)	—
53	43	34	Fail:PresidenteEleazarLopez.jpg	Eleazar López Contreras	1936-1941	Pilihan tidak langsung (penggal kedua)	Jeneral tentera
54	44	35	Fail:PresidenteIsaiasMedinaAngarita1.jpg	Isaías Medina Angarita	1941-1945	Pilihan tidak langsung	Jeneral tentera
55	45	36		Rómulo Ernesto Betancourt Bello	October 18, 1945 - 17 February, 1948	Rampasan kuasa	Ahli politik
56	46	37	Fail:President Gallegos.jpg	Rómulo Gallegos Freire	February 17, 1948 - 24 November, 1948	Pilihan raya langsung	Writer / Novelist
57	47	38	Fail:PresidenteDelgadoChalbaud.jpg	Carlos Delgado Chalbaud	November 24, 1948 - 13 November, 1950	Rampasan kuasa	Military officer
58	48	39	Fail:Germán Suárez Flamerich 1.jpg	Germán Suárez Flamerich	November 13, 1950 - 2 December, 1952	Penjaga sementara	Peguam
59	49	40		Marcos Pérez Jiménez	December 2, 1952 - 23 January, 1958	Pilihan tidak langsung	Military officer
60	50	41		Wolfgang Larrazábal	January 23, 1958 - 14 November, 1958	Rampasan kuasa	Rear admiral
61	51	42	Fail:Edgar Sanabria 1.jpg	Edgar Sanabria	November 14, 1958 - 13 February, 1959	Penjaga sementara	Peguam
62	52	43		Rómulo Ernesto Betancourt Bello	February 13, 1959 - 13 March, 1964	Pilihan raya langsung	Ahli politik
63	53	44	Fail:PresidenteRaulLeoni.jpg	Raúl Leoni Otero	March 13, 1964 - 11 March, 1969	Pilihan raya langsung	Peguam
64	54	45	Fail:Caldera6.jpg	Rafael Caldera Rodríguez	March 11, 1969 - 12 March, 1974	Pilihan raya langsung	Peguam
65	55	46	Fail:CAP, 1979.jpg	Carlos Andrés Pérez Rodríguez	March 12, 1974 - 12 March, 1979	Pilihan raya langsung	Ahli politik
66	56	47		Luis Herrera Campins	March 12, 1979 - 2 February, 1984	Pilihan raya langsung	Peguam
67	57	48	Fail:Jaime Lusinchi 1.jpg	Jaime Lusinchi	February 2, 1984 - 2 February, 1989	Pilihan raya langsung	Doktor
68	58	49	Fail:CAP 2do periodo.jpg	Carlos Andrés Pérez Rodríguez^[2]	February 2, 1989 - 21 May, 1993	Pilihan raya langsung	Ahli politik
69	—	—	Fail:Lepage 1.jpg	Octavio Lepage Barreto^[3]	May 21, 1993 - 5 June, 1993	Interim president	Peguam / Ahli politik
70	59	50		Ramón José Velásquez	June 5, 1993 - 2 February, 1994	Interim president	Writer
71	60	51	Fail:Rafael Caldera 1.jpg	Rafael Caldera Rodríguez	February 2, 1994 - 2 February 1999	Pilihan raya langsung	Peguam
72	61	52		Hugo Rafael Chávez Frías	2 February 1999 - 10 January 2001	Pilihan raya langsung	Military officer (Lt. colonel)
73	62	52		Hugo Rafael Chávez Frías	10 January 2001 - 10 January 2007^[4]	Pilihan raya langsung	Military officer (Lt. colonel)
74	63	52		Hugo Rafael Chávez Frías	10 January 2007 - 5 Mac 2013	Pilihan raya langsung	Military officer (Lt. colonel)
74	64	53	50px	Nicolás Maduro	14 April 2013 - Kini	Pemangku Presiden	Ahli Politik

Rujukan sunting

^ Bustillos was appointed to the presidency in a provisional fashion after Juan Vicente Gómez, after himself being elected (by the National Assembly) as president. Gómez opted not to assume the presidency, instead choosing to continue in the role of directing the Venezuelan army.
^ On May 21 1993 Pérez resigned after being accused of corruption by the Attorney General.
^ Octavio Lepage was the President of Congress and was in charge of the government until Ramón J. Velásquez was elected by Congress on June 5, 1993.
^ On April 11, 2002, senior military officers refused Chávez's orders to carry out Plan Ávila. They arrested Chávez, saying he had resigned, and Pedro Carmona Estanga assumed the presidency. Following an uprising, aided by sectors of the military loyal to Chávez, the new government collapsed and Chávez was restored to power early on April 15 2002. Between the deposing of Carmona and the return of Chávez, Vice President Diosdado Cabello assumed the presidency.

Pautan luar sunting

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[1] Bustillos was appointed to the presidency in a provisional fashion after Juan Vicente Gómez, after himself being elected (by the National Assembly) as president. Gómez opted not to assume the presidency, instead choosing to continue in the role of directing the Venezuelan army.

[2] On May 21 1993 Pérez resigned after being accused of corruption by the Attorney General.

[3] Octavio Lepage was the President of Congress and was in charge of the government until Ramón J. Velásquez was elected by Congress on June 5, 1993.

[4] On April 11, 2002, senior military officers refused Chávez's orders to carry out Plan Ávila. They arrested Chávez, saying he had resigned, and Pedro Carmona Estanga assumed the presidency. Following an uprising, aided by sectors of the military loyal to Chávez, the new government collapsed and Chávez was restored to power early on April 15 2002. Between the deposing of Carmona and the return of Chávez, Vice President Diosdado Cabello assumed the presidency.

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