Pandangan agama Adolf Hitler

Kepercayaan agama Adolf Hitler telah menjadi bahan perdebatan. Sejumlah besar sejarawan menganggapnya irelijius, anti-Kristen, anti-rohaniwan dan santistik.^[1] Dalam sorotan bukti seperti kritikan pedas dan penolakan vokalnya terhadap penekanan Kekristenan,^[2] sejumlah pernyataan pribadi menyatakan kecaman-kecaman terhadap Kekristenan sebagai takhayul berbahaya,^[1] dan upaya kuatnya untuk mengurangi pengaruh dan kemerdekaan Kristen di Jerman setelah ia naik kekuasaan, para biografer akademik utama Hitler menyatakan bahwa ia adalah irelijius dan memusuhi Kristen.^[1] Sejarawan Laurence Rees tak menemukan bukti bahwa "dalam kehidupan pribadinya, Hitler bahkan mengekspresikan keyakinan pada penekanan-penekanan dasar gereja Kristen".^[3] Ernst Hanfstaengl, seorang teman pada masa-masa awalnya di dunia politik, berkata bahwa Hitler "merupakan seorang ateis pada setiap tujuan dan keperluan pada masa ia mengenalnya". Namun, para sejarawan seperti Richard Weikart dan Alan Bullock meragukan anggapan bahwa ia adalah ateis tulen, dengan menyatakan bahwa meskipun ia benci Kristen, ia masih memegang bentuk keyakinan spiritual.^[4]

Referensi sunting

Catatan

Daftar pustaka

Angebert, Jean-Michel (1974), The Occult and the Third Reich, Macmillan, ISBN 978-0-02-502150-1 .
Baynes, Norman (1942), The Speeches of Adolf Hitler: April 1922 – August 1939, 1, New York: Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-598-75893-4 .
Bullock, Alan (1991), Hitler: A Study in Tyranny, Abridged Edition, New York: Harper Perennial, ISBN 0-06-092020-3
Cameron, Norman; Stevens, R. H. Stevens; Weinberg, Gerhard L.; Trevor-Roper, H. R. (2007). Hitler's Table Talk 1941–1944: Secret Conversations. New York: Enigma Books. ISBN 9781936274932.
Carrier, Richard (2003), "'Hitler's Table Talk': Troubling Finds", German Studies Review, 26 (3), hlm. 561–576, doi:10.2307/1432747 .
Davies, Norman (1996), Europe: A History, Oxford: Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-820171-7 .
Dawidowicz, Lucy (1986), The War Against the Jews: 1933–1945, Bantam, ISBN 978-0-553-34532-2 .
De George, Richard; Scanlan, James (1975), Marxism and religion in Eastern Europe: papers presented at the Banff International Slavic Conference, September 4–7, 1974, Dordrecht: D. Reidel .
Fest, Joachim (1973), Hitler: Eine Biographie, Propyläen, ISBN 978-3-549-07301-8 .
Fest, Joachim (2002), Hitler, Harcourt, ISBN 978-0-15-602754-0 .
Goodrick-Clarke, Nicholas (1985), The Occult Roots of Nazism: The Ariosophists of Austria and Germany, 1890–1935, Wellingborough, England: The Aquarian Press, ISBN 978-0-85030-402-2 .
Gunther, John (1938), Inside Europe, New York: Harper & brothers .
Hart, Stephen; Hart, Russell; Hughes, Matthew (2000), The German soldier in World War II, Osceola, Wisconsin: MBI .
Hitler, Adolf (1926), Mein Kampf, 2 .
Irving, David (1978), The War Path: Hitler's Germany, 1933–1939, New York: Viking Press, ISBN 978-0-670-74971-3 .
Kershaw, Ian (1987), The 'Hitler Myth': Image and Reality in the Third Reich, Oxford University Press .
Kershaw, Ian (2000), Hitler, 1889–1936: Hubris, London: W. W. Norton & Company (dipublikasikan tanggal 1999), ISBN 978-0-393-32035-0 .
Kershaw, Ian (2008), Hitler a Biography, W. W. Norton & Company, ISBN 978-0-393-06757-6 .
Miner, Steven (2003), Stalin's Holy War, Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, ISBN 978-0-8078-2736-9 .
Rissmann, Michael (2001), Hitlers Gott. Vorsehungsglaube und Sendungsbewußtsein des deutschen Diktators, Zürich München: Pendo, hlm. 94–96, ISBN 978-3-85842-421-1 .
Sage, Steven (2006), Ibsen and Hitler: the playwright, the plagiarist, and the plot for the Third Reich, New York: Carroll & Graf, ISBN 978-0-7867-1713-2
Schramm, Percy Ernst (1978) "The Anatomy of a Dictator" in Hitler: The Man and the Military Leader. Detwiler, Donald S., ed. Malabar, Florida: Robert E. Kreiger Publishing Company. ISBN 0-89874-962-X; originally published as the introduction to Picker, Henry (1963) Hitlers Tischgespräche im Führerhauptquarter ("Hitler's Table Talk")
Shirer, William (1960), The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich: A History of Nazi Germany, New York: Simon & Schuster, diakses tanggal 2008-04-28 .
Siemon-Netto, Uwe (1995), The Fabricated Luther: The Rise and Fall of the Shirer Myth, St. Louis: Concordia Publishing House, ISBN 978-0-570-04800-8 .
Speer, Albert (1997), Inside the Third Reich, Orion, ISBN 978-1-85799-218-2 .
Steigmann-Gall, Richard (2003), The Holy Reich: Nazi Conceptions of Christianity, 1919–1945, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-82371-5 .
Thomsett, Michael (1997), The German opposition to Hitler: the resistance, the underground, and assassination plots, 1938–1945, Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland, ISBN 978-0-7864-0372-1 .
Toland, John (1976), Adolf Hitler, Doubleday, ISBN 978-0-385-03724-2 .
Toland, John (1992), Adolf Hitler: The Definitive Biography, New York: Anchor, ISBN 978-0-385-42053-2 .
Westerlund, David; Ingvar, Svanberg (1999), Islam outside the Arab world, New York: St. Martin's Press .
Zipfel, Friedrich (1965), Kirchenkampf in Deutschland 1933–1945, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter & Co. .

Pranala luar sunting

Mein Kampf; by Adolf Hitler
Mein Kampf; by Adolf Hitler (James Vincent Murphy's translation, published by Hurst and Blackett in 1939)
Was Hitler a Christian? Diarsipkan 2017-01-28 di Wayback Machine.; by Dinesh D'Souza.
Hitler's religious beliefs and fanaticism Diarsipkan 2019-03-12 di Wayback Machine.; by Jim Walker; nobeliefs.com.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]