سال‌های سلطنت فرمانروایان انگلستان

در زیر یک لیست رسمی از سال‌های سلطنت فرمانروایان انگلستان است.

جدول سال‌های سلطنت ویرایش

پادشاه	سال‌های حکومت	سال اول سلطنت	تاریخ شروع سلطنت	تاریخ اتمام سلطنت	پایان سال آخر
ویلیام یکم	۲۱	۱۰۶۶	۱۴ اکتبر	۱۳ اکتبر	۹ سپتامبر ۱۰۸۷
ویلیام دوم	۱۳	۱۰۸۷	۲۶ سپتامبر	۲۶ سپتامبر	۲ اوت ۱۱۰۰
هنری یکم	۳۶	۱۱۰۰	۵ اوت	۴ اوت	۱ دسامبر ۱۱۳۵
استیون	۱۹	۱۱۳۵	۲۶ دسامبر	۲۵ دسامبر	۲۵ اکتبر ۱۱۵۴
هنری دوم	۳۵	۱۱۵۴	۱۹ دسامبر	۱۸ دسامبر	۶ ژوئیه ۱۱۸۹
ریچارد یکم	۱۰	۱۱۸۹	۳ سپتامبر	۲ سپتامبر	۶ آوریل ۱۱۹۹
جان انگلستان	۱۸	۱۱۹۹	مه^[الف]	مه (varied)	۱۹ اکتبر ۱۲۱۶
هنری سوم	۵۷	۱۲۱۶	۲۸ اکتبر	۲۷ اکتبر	۱۶ نوامبر ۱۲۷۲
ادوارد یکم	۳۵	۱۲۷۲	۲۰ نوامبر	۲۰ نوامبر ^[ب]	۷ ژوئیه ۱۳۰۷
ادوارد دوم	۲۰	۱۳۰۷	۸ ژوئیه	۷ ژوئیه	۲۰ ژانویه ۱۳۲۷
ادوارد سوم	۵۱ (انگلیس) ۳۸ (فرانسه) ^[پ]	۱۳۲۷	۲۵ ژانویه	۲۴ ژانویه	۲۱ ژوئن ۱۳۷۷
ریچارد دوم	۲۳	۱۳۷۷	۲۲ ژوئن ^[ت]	۲۱ ژوئن	۲۹ سپتامبر ۱۳۹۹
هنری چهارم	۱۴	۱۳۹۹	۳۰ سپتامبر	۲۹ سپتامبر	۲۰ مارس ۱۴۱۳
هنری پنجم	۱۰	۱۴۱۳	۲۱ مارس	۲۰ مارس	۳۱ اوت ۱۴۲۲
هنری ششم	۳۹ + ۱ ^[ث]	۱۴۲۲	۱ سپتامبر	۳۱ اوت	۴ مارس ۱۴۶۱
ادوارد چهارم	۲۳	۱۴۶۱	۴ مارس	۳ مارس	۹ آوریل ۱۴۸۳
ادوارد پنجم	۱	۱۴۸۳	۹ آوریل	۲۵ ژوئن	۲۵ ژوئن ۱۴۸۳
ریچارد سوم	۳	۱۴۸۳	۲۶ ژوئن	۲۵ ژوئن	۲۲ اوت ۱۴۸۵
هنری هفتم	۲۴	۱۴۸۵	۲۲ اوت	۲۱ اوت	۲۱ آوریل ۱۵۰۹
هنری هشتم	۳۸	۱۵۰۹	۲۲ آوریل	۲۱ آوریل	۲۸ ژانویه ۱۵۴۷
ادوارد ششم انگلستان	۷	۱۵۴۷	۲۸ ژانویه	۲۷ ژانویه	۶ ژوئیه ۱۵۵۳
ماری یکم	۲	۱۵۵۳	۶ ژوئیه^[ج]	۵ ژوئیه	۲۴ ژوئیه ۱۵۵۴ ^[چ]
"فیلیپ و ماری یکم"	5 & 6 ^[چ]	۱۵۵۴	۲۵ ژوئیه	۲۴ ژوئیه	۱۷ نوامبر ۱۵۵۸
الیزابت یکم	۴۵	۱۵۵۸	۱۷ نوامبر	۱۶ نوامبر	۲۴ مارس ۱۶۰۳
جیمز یکم	۲۳	۱۶۰۳	۲۵ مارس^[ح]	۲۴ مارس	۲۷ مارس ۱۶۲۵
چارلز یکم	۲۴	۱۶۲۵	۲۷ مارس	۲۶ مارس	۳۰ ژانویه ۱۶۴۹
چارلز دوم	37 ^[خ]	۱۶۴۹	۳۰ ژانویه	۲۹ ژانویه	۶ فوریه ۱۶۸۵
جیمز دوم	۴	۱۶۸۵	۶ فوریه	۵ فوریه	۱۱ دسامبر ۱۶۸۸ ^[د]
"ویلیام سوم و ماری دوم"	۶	۱۶۸۹	۱۳ فوریه^[ذ]	۱۲ فوریه	۲۷ دسامبر ۱۶۹۴
ویلیام سوم	۸ (۷ تا ۱۴) ^[ر]	۱۶۹۴	۲۸ دسامبر ^[ر]	۲۷ دسامبر	۸ مارس ۱۷۰۲
آن	۱۳	۱۷۰۲	۸ مارس	۷ مارس	۱ اوت ۱۷۱۴
جرج یکم	۱۳	۱۷۱۴	۱ اوت	۳۱ ژوئیه	۱۱ ژوئن۱۷۲۷
جرج دوم	۳۴	۱۷۲۷	۱۱ ژوئن	۱۰ ژوئن	۲۵ اکتبر ۱۷۶۰
جرج سوم	60 ^[ز]	۱۷۶۰	۲۵ اکتبر	۲۴ اکتبر	۲۹ ژانویه ۱۸۲۰
جرج چهارم	11 ^[ژ]	۱۸۲۰	۲۹ ژانویه	۲۸ ژانویه	۲۶ ژوئن ۱۸۳۰
ویلیام چهارم	۷	۱۸۳۰	۲۶ ژوئن	۲۵ ژوئن	۲۰ ژوئن ۱۸۳۷
ملکه ویکتوریا	۶۳	۱۸۳۷	۲۰ ژوئن	۱۹ ژوئن	۲۲ ژانویه ۱۹۰۱
ادوارد هفتم	۱۰	۱۹۰۱	۲۲ ژانویه	۲۱ ژانویه	۶ مه ۱۹۱۰
جرج پنجم	۲۶	۱۹۱۰	۶ مه	۵ مه	۲۰ ژانویه ۱۹۳۶
ادوارد هشتم	۱۱ماه	۱۹۳۶	۲۰ ژانویه	۱۱ ژانویه	۱۱ دسامبر۱۹۳۶
جرج ششم	۱۶	۱۹۳۶	۱۱ دسامبر	۱۰ دسامبر	۵ فوریه۱۹۵۲
الیزابت دوم	۷۰	۱۹۵۳	۶ فوریه	۵ فوریه	۸ سپتامبر ۲۰۲۲
چارلز سوم	ادامه دارد	۲۰۲۲	۹ سپتامبر

شاهزاده ویلیام

یادداشت ویرایش

↑
John of England's regnal years are unusual for not starting on the same date every year, but rather on Ascension Day, a movable feast of the liturgical calendar. Start dates for John's regnal years are (Sweet & Maxwell's Guide 1962, p. 23):
- Year 1 – 27 May 1199
- Year 2 – 18 May 1200
- Year 3 – 3 May 1201
- Year 4 – 23 May 1202
- Year 5 – 15 May 1203
- Year 6 – 3 Jun 1204
- Year 7 – 19 May 1205
- Year 8 – 11 May 1206
- Year 9 – 31 May 1207
- Year 10 – 15 May 1208
- Year 11 – 7 May 1209
- Year 12 – 27 May 1210
- Year 13 – 12 May 1211
- Year 14 – 3 May 1212
- Year 15 – 23 May 1213
- Year 16 – 8 May 1214
- Year 17 – 28 May 1215
- Year 18 – 19 May 1216
↑ Edward I's regnal years are unusual for starting and ending on the same day (20 November), rather than ending one day, and starting the next.
↑ Edward III is given two different regnal years, one for England, and another for France (the only claimant for whom this is done). English years are unbroken between 1327 and 1377. French years are counted from the start date of 25 January 1340 (beginning of Year 1 France and Year 14 England), and interrupted on 8 May 1360 (end of Year 21 France); the French numbering resumes on 11 June 1369 as beginning of French Year 30, and follows the English start/end dates (25/24 January) thereafter until 21 June 1377, the end of English year 51 and French year 38.
↑ From Richard II onwards, every new king's regnal year begins exactly on the day on or after the end of the previous king's reign (previous transitions often had a gap of several days, sometimes weeks). Henceforth, in official terms, "England always has a king", i.e. there will not be a day in subsequent English history without a reigning monarch (with the exception of the Glorious Revolution of 1688-1689; see below).
↑ Henry VI was deposed by Edward IV on 4 March 1461, officially bringing his reign and last regnal year to a close. However, Henry VI briefly recovered the throne in 1470–1471, so he has an extra regnal year, dated from 9 October 1470 to c. April 1471, and referred to as the 49th year ("Anno ab inchoatione regni nostri") or 1st year of restoration ("Readeptionis nostrae regiae potestatis"). Henry VI's "restoration" year does not mar the continuity of Edward IV's regnal years – Edward IV's 10th Year is counted unbroken as beginning from 4 March 1470 and ending 3 March 1471, his 11th year beginning 4 March 1471, etc.
↑ Lady Jane Grey, the "Nine Days Queen", who was Queen Jane from 6 July 1553 to 17 July 1553, is not present in the official record. Mary I's reign officially begins on 6 July 1553.
↑ ^۷٫۰ ^۷٫۱
Mary I married the Habsburg prince Philip (future Philip II of Spain) on 25 July 1554, who was promptly made co-ruler of England. Their joint reign is officially referred to as "Philip and Mary", but the numbering of their regnal years is not reset to 1 for both, but rather retained separately for each. So the first year of "Philip and Mary", which begins on 25 July 1554, is officially referred to as "1 & 2" (1st year of Philip, 2nd year of Mary). There is the complication, of course, that Mary's previous regnal year began on 6 July, a few weeks before Philip's start date of 25 July. So the numbers between those two days are adjusted. Taken continuously, the regnal year numbers are:
- 1 Mary: 6 Jul 1553 – 5 Jul 1554
- 2 Mary: 6 Jul 1554 – 24 Jul 1554
- 1 & 2 Philip and Mary: 25 Jul 1554 – 5 Jul 1555
- 1 & 3 Philip and Mary: 6 Jul 1555 – 24 Jul 1555
- 2 & 3 Philip and Mary; 25 Jul 1555 – 5 Jul 1556
- 2 & 4 Philip and Mary: 6 Jul 1556 – 24 Jul 1556
- 3 & 4 Philip and Mary; 25 Jul 1556 – 5 Jul 1557
- 3 & 5 Philip and Mary: 6 Jul 1557 – 24 Jul 1557
- 4 & 5 Philip and Mary; 25 Jul 1557 – 5 Jul 1558
- 4 & 6 Philip and Mary: 6 Jul 1558 – 24 Jul 1558
- 5 & 6 Philip and Mary: 25 Jul 1558 – 17 Nov 1558
↑ By coincidence, James I's regnal years begin on the same date (25 March) as the English civil and legal year.
↑ I. ^ The Commonwealth era (1649–1660) is obliterated from the official record. The beginning regnal date of Charles II is 30 January 1649, the day his father was executed. However, Charles II would only become de facto king on 29 May 1660, officially regarded as the 12th year of his reign. During the Commonwealth era, public documents did not have any regnal or republican calendar, just the conventional calendar date, the "Year of Our Lord", with normal month and day.
↑ The English official record regards James II as having abdicated on 11 December 1688, the day he slipped out of London (he was captured the next day in Rochester). His formal deposition did not take instrument until 12 February 1689, by a declaration of the convention of old parliamentarians at Westminster (see "Glorious Revolution"), which backdated the "abdication" to 11 December. That declaration was entered into statute law later that year, in December 1689 (1 Will & Mar. , 2nd Sess. , c.2).
↑ This is the exception to "England always has a King" rule, prevailing since the reign of Richard II. With James II officially deposed on 11 December 1688, and William & Mary officially beginning 13 February 1689, there is a space of nearly two months in which England, officially speaking, is without a monarch.
↑ ^۱۲٫۰ ^۱۲٫۱ In regnal numbering, the relationship between "William and Mary" and "William III" is a little tricky. In the Philip and Mary I case, back in the 1550s, each monarch was given their own regnal date and stuck with it. William III and Mary II ascended as monarchs on the same date (13 February 1689), and so it was unnecessary to state it as "1 & 1 William and Mary", but simply "1 William and Mary". But Mary's death (on 27 December 1694, in the 6th year of W & M) complicated numbering. If the 1550s model had been used, then William III should have continued on his 6th year until 13 February 1695, when the new regnal year, the 7th year of William III, should have begun. However, in this instance, the regnal start day (but not the year) was reset after Mary's death, so William III's 7th year began prematurely on 28 December 1694.
↑ George III was declared incapacitated on 5 February 1811, in the course of his 51st regnal year. However, the regnal dating was unaffected by the Regency, so regnal years were still measured by George III's regnal date of 25 October, until his death in 1820.
↑ George IV's period as prince regent (1811–1820) for his ailing father, George III, is not counted in his regnal numbering.

منابع ویرایش

مشارکت‌کنندگان ویکی‌پدیا. «Regnal years of English monarchs». در دانشنامهٔ ویکی‌پدیای انگلیسی.

[John-1] John of England's regnal years are unusual for not starting on the same date every year, but rather on Ascension Day, a movable feast of the liturgical calendar. Start dates for John's regnal years are (Sweet & Maxwell's Guide 1962, p. 23):
Year 1 – 27 May 1199
Year 2 – 18 May 1200
Year 3 – 3 May 1201
Year 4 – 23 May 1202
Year 5 – 15 May 1203
Year 6 – 3 Jun 1204
Year 7 – 19 May 1205
Year 8 – 11 May 1206
Year 9 – 31 May 1207
Year 10 – 15 May 1208
Year 11 – 7 May 1209
Year 12 – 27 May 1210
Year 13 – 12 May 1211
Year 14 – 3 May 1212
Year 15 – 23 May 1213
Year 16 – 8 May 1214
Year 17 – 28 May 1215
Year 18 – 19 May 1216

[2] Year 1 – 27 May 1199

[3] Year 2 – 18 May 1200

[4] Year 3 – 3 May 1201

[5] Year 4 – 23 May 1202

[6] Year 5 – 15 May 1203

[7] Year 6 – 3 Jun 1204

[8] Year 7 – 19 May 1205

[9] Year 8 – 11 May 1206

[10] Year 9 – 31 May 1207

[11] Year 10 – 15 May 1208

[12] Year 11 – 7 May 1209

[13] Year 12 – 27 May 1210

[14] Year 13 – 12 May 1211

[15] Year 14 – 3 May 1212

[16] Year 15 – 23 May 1213

[17] Year 16 – 8 May 1214

[18] Year 17 – 28 May 1215

[19] Year 18 – 19 May 1216

[Edward_I-2] Edward I's regnal years are unusual for starting and ending on the same day (20 November), rather than ending one day, and starting the next.

[Edward_III-3] Edward III is given two different regnal years, one for England, and another for France (the only claimant for whom this is done). English years are unbroken between 1327 and 1377. French years are counted from the start date of 25 January 1340 (beginning of Year 1 France and Year 14 England), and interrupted on 8 May 1360 (end of Year 21 France); the French numbering resumes on 11 June 1369 as beginning of French Year 30, and follows the English start/end dates (25/24 January) thereafter until 21 June 1377, the end of English year 51 and French year 38.

[Richard_II-4] From Richard II onwards, every new king's regnal year begins exactly on the day on or after the end of the previous king's reign (previous transitions often had a gap of several days, sometimes weeks). Henceforth, in official terms, "England always has a king", i.e. there will not be a day in subsequent English history without a reigning monarch (with the exception of the Glorious Revolution of 1688-1689; see below).

[Henry_VI-5] Henry VI was deposed by Edward IV on 4 March 1461, officially bringing his reign and last regnal year to a close. However, Henry VI briefly recovered the throne in 1470–1471, so he has an extra regnal year, dated from 9 October 1470 to c. April 1471, and referred to as the 49th year ("Anno ab inchoatione regni nostri") or 1st year of restoration ("Readeptionis nostrae regiae potestatis"). Henry VI's "restoration" year does not mar the continuity of Edward IV's regnal years – Edward IV's 10th Year is counted unbroken as beginning from 4 March 1470 and ending 3 March 1471, his 11th year beginning 4 March 1471, etc.

[Lady_Jane_Grey-6] Lady Jane Grey, the "Nine Days Queen", who was Queen Jane from 6 July 1553 to 17 July 1553, is not present in the official record. Mary I's reign officially begins on 6 July 1553.

[Mary_I-7] ۷٫۰ ^۷٫۱ Mary I married the Habsburg prince Philip (future Philip II of Spain) on 25 July 1554, who was promptly made co-ruler of England. Their joint reign is officially referred to as "Philip and Mary", but the numbering of their regnal years is not reset to 1 for both, but rather retained separately for each. So the first year of "Philip and Mary", which begins on 25 July 1554, is officially referred to as "1 & 2" (1st year of Philip, 2nd year of Mary). There is the complication, of course, that Mary's previous regnal year began on 6 July, a few weeks before Philip's start date of 25 July. So the numbers between those two days are adjusted. Taken continuously, the regnal year numbers are:
1 Mary: 6 Jul 1553 – 5 Jul 1554
2 Mary: 6 Jul 1554 – 24 Jul 1554
1 & 2 Philip and Mary: 25 Jul 1554 – 5 Jul 1555
1 & 3 Philip and Mary: 6 Jul 1555 – 24 Jul 1555
2 & 3 Philip and Mary; 25 Jul 1555 – 5 Jul 1556
2 & 4 Philip and Mary: 6 Jul 1556 – 24 Jul 1556
3 & 4 Philip and Mary; 25 Jul 1556 – 5 Jul 1557
3 & 5 Philip and Mary: 6 Jul 1557 – 24 Jul 1557
4 & 5 Philip and Mary; 25 Jul 1557 – 5 Jul 1558
4 & 6 Philip and Mary: 6 Jul 1558 – 24 Jul 1558
5 & 6 Philip and Mary: 25 Jul 1558 – 17 Nov 1558

[26] 1 Mary: 6 Jul 1553 – 5 Jul 1554

[27] 2 Mary: 6 Jul 1554 – 24 Jul 1554

[28] 1 & 2 Philip and Mary: 25 Jul 1554 – 5 Jul 1555

[29] 1 & 3 Philip and Mary: 6 Jul 1555 – 24 Jul 1555

[30] 2 & 3 Philip and Mary; 25 Jul 1555 – 5 Jul 1556

[31] 2 & 4 Philip and Mary: 6 Jul 1556 – 24 Jul 1556

[32] 3 & 4 Philip and Mary; 25 Jul 1556 – 5 Jul 1557

[33] 3 & 5 Philip and Mary: 6 Jul 1557 – 24 Jul 1557

[34] 4 & 5 Philip and Mary; 25 Jul 1557 – 5 Jul 1558

[35] 4 & 6 Philip and Mary: 6 Jul 1558 – 24 Jul 1558

[36] 5 & 6 Philip and Mary: 25 Jul 1558 – 17 Nov 1558

[James_I-8] By coincidence, James I's regnal years begin on the same date (25 March) as the English civil and legal year.

[Commonwealth_era-9] I. ^ The Commonwealth era (1649–1660) is obliterated from the official record. The beginning regnal date of Charles II is 30 January 1649, the day his father was executed. However, Charles II would only become de facto king on 29 May 1660, officially regarded as the 12th year of his reign. During the Commonwealth era, public documents did not have any regnal or republican calendar, just the conventional calendar date, the "Year of Our Lord", with normal month and day.

[James_II-10] The English official record regards James II as having abdicated on 11 December 1688, the day he slipped out of London (he was captured the next day in Rochester). His formal deposition did not take instrument until 12 February 1689, by a declaration of the convention of old parliamentarians at Westminster (see "Glorious Revolution"), which backdated the "abdication" to 11 December. That declaration was entered into statute law later that year, in December 1689 (1 Will & Mar. , 2nd Sess. , c.2).

[No_monarch-11] This is the exception to "England always has a King" rule, prevailing since the reign of Richard II. With James II officially deposed on 11 December 1688, and William & Mary officially beginning 13 February 1689, there is a space of nearly two months in which England, officially speaking, is without a monarch.

[William_and_Mary-12] ۱۲٫۰ ^۱۲٫۱ In regnal numbering, the relationship between "William and Mary" and "William III" is a little tricky. In the Philip and Mary I case, back in the 1550s, each monarch was given their own regnal date and stuck with it. William III and Mary II ascended as monarchs on the same date (13 February 1689), and so it was unnecessary to state it as "1 & 1 William and Mary", but simply "1 William and Mary". But Mary's death (on 27 December 1694, in the 6th year of W & M) complicated numbering. If the 1550s model had been used, then William III should have continued on his 6th year until 13 February 1695, when the new regnal year, the 7th year of William III, should have begun. However, in this instance, the regnal start day (but not the year) was reset after Mary's death, so William III's 7th year began prematurely on 28 December 1694.

[George_III-13] George III was declared incapacitated on 5 February 1811, in the course of his 51st regnal year. However, the regnal dating was unaffected by the Regency, so regnal years were still measured by George III's regnal date of 25 October, until his death in 1820.

[George_IV-14] George IV's period as prince regent (1811–1820) for his ailing father, George III, is not counted in his regnal numbering.

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