Wigtown Burghs, also known as Wigton Burghs[1] and Wigtown District of Burghs,[2] was a constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1708 to 1800 and of the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1801 to 1885. It was represented by one Member of Parliament (MP).
| Wigtown Burghs | |
|---|---|
| Former District of Burghs constituency for the House of Commons | |
| Major settlements | New Galloway, Stranraer, Whithorn and Wigtown |
| 1708–1885 | |
| Seats | One |
| Created from | New Galloway Stranraer Whithorn Wigtown |
| Replaced by | Kirkcudbright Stewartry Wigtownshire |
Creation edit
The British parliamentary constituency was created in 1708 following the Acts of Union, 1707 and replaced the former Parliament of Scotland burgh constituencies of Wigtown, New Galloway, Stranraer and Whithorn which had all been separately represented with one commissioner each.
The first election in Wigtown Burghs was in 1708. In 1707–08, members of the 1702–1707 Parliament of Scotland were co-opted to serve in the 1st Parliament of Great Britain. See Scottish representatives to the 1st Parliament of Great Britain, for further details.
Boundaries edit
The constituency was a district of burghs created to represent the Royal burghs of New Galloway, Stranraer, Whithorn and Wigtown.
In 1885 the district was abolished. New Galloway became part of the Kirkcudbrightshire constituency and the other three burghs were included in the Wigtownshire seat.
Political history edit
The constituency elected one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system until the seat was abolished for the 1885 general election.[3][4][5][6][7]
The politics of this constituency in the mid-18th century were relatively simple. The Stewart family, led by the Earl of Galloway, normally controlled the burghs of Wigtown and Whithorn. The Dalrymple family, supporting the Earl of Stair, controlled Stranraer. The predominant interest in New Galloway was held by the Gordons of Kenmure.
Thus when Wigtown or Whithorn were the returning burgh, with a casting vote in the event of a tie, the candidate backed by the Stewarts won. At other elections the Dalrymple supported candidate had a chance. This state of affairs continued until 1784 when the Dalrymple interest gained control of the Whithorn Council.
In the 1754 election the Duke of Argyll attempted to support James Abercrombie for the Wigtown Burghs seat. The Earl of Galloway agreed with John Hamilton, a member of the Dalrymple family who was supposedly backing his relative Captain John Dalrymple of Stair, to support Hamilton in the Burghs seat in exchange for the Dalrymple interest backing Lord Galloway's brother (James Stewart) for the county seat. This coalition worked and John Hamilton was elected unopposed.
In 1761, with Wigtown as the returning burgh, the Earl of Galloway could name the MP. He hoped to return his Naval officer son, the Honourable Keith Stewart. As Stewart was away at sea in the West Indies, the Earl decided to support Archibald Montgomerie until his son returned. Montgomerie was also a candidate for Ayrshire in the same general election. After he was elected for both seats he decided to retain Ayrshire. Stewart was elected at a by-election but soon gave up the seat, as a result of negotiations about the Wigtownshire seat. The energetic intriguer John Hamilton was again elected for the Burghs seat in the third election there in less than a year.
In 1768, with Whithorn as the returning burgh, the Earl of Galloway could again decide the MP. For this election the Earl was trying to get a seat in England for his son, Lord Garlies, who was ineligible to represent a Scottish constituency as the eldest son of a Scottish peer. The Earl entered into an agreement with an English MP, George Augustus Selwyn, who controlled both seats in the borough of Ludgershall. Selwyn, who himself represented Gloucester, feared defeat there and wanted a safe alternative seat. In exchange for supporting Lord Garlies in Ludgershall, Selwyn was elected in the Wigtown Burghs. He was the first Englishman to be elected for a Scottish constituency after the Union. However, as Selwyn was also elected in Gloucester and preferred to represent that Borough, a new candidate was required in Scotland. The government was able to offer a Treasury nominee, Chauncy Townsend. After Townsend's death a junior branch of the Stewart family provided the new MP.
In 1774, with New Galloway as the returning burgh, an alliance of the Dalrymple and Gordon families hoped to triumph. National politics again influenced the situation, as Sir Lawrence Dundas suggested William Norton as a candidate. The Earl of Stair was trying to get his son a seat in England so he accepted the proposal of the governments electoral manager in Scotland. The Stewart interest supported the 7th Earl of Galloway's brother in law, Henry Watkin Dashwood. This was the first time two Englishmen contested a Parliamentary seat in Scotland. Norton was returned, but the seat was awarded to Dashwood after an election petition.
For the 1780 election the Earl of Stair, despite being a pro-American admirer of the Earl of Chatham, offered the nomination for the seat to Lord North in exchange for a diplomatic post for his son Lord Dalrymple. Lord North suggested William Adam.
In 1784 the change in Whithorn enabled the Dalrymple candidate (William Dalrymple) to defeat the Earl of Galloway's nominee (George Johnstone).
Members of Parliament edit
Elections edit
The constituency had only four voters (the commissioners elected by the Burgh Councils) in 1708–1832. The place of election rotated between the Burghs and the commissioner for the returning Burgh had a casting vote if there was a tie. It was possible for the Court of Session to suspend a Burgh's rights for a Parliament, as a punishment for corruption. This procedure could disrupt the rotation
From 1832 the franchise was extended and the votes from all the burghs were added together.
- 1708 (26 May) general election (election at Wigtown)
- George Lockhart: Unopposed
- Chose to sit for Edinburghshire
- 1708 (14 December) by-election (election at Wigtown)
- William Cochrane: Unopposed
- 1710 general election
- William Cochrane: Unopposed
- 1713 (17 September) general election
- Alexander Maxwell: Unopposed
- 1715 (17 February) general election
- Patrick Vanse: Unopposed
- 1722 (13 April) general election
- William Dalrymple: Unopposed
- 1727 general election
- William Dalrymple: Unopposed
- Chose to sit for Wigtownshire
- 1728 (16 March) by-election
- John Dalrymple: Unopposed
- 1734 (18 May) general election
- John Stewart defeated John Dalrymple, vote totals unknown
- 1741 (28 May) general election
- William Stewart: Unopposed
- 1747 (22 July) general election
- John Stewart: Unopposed
- 1754 (9 May) general election (election at Stranraer)
- John Hamilton: Unopposed
- 1761 (20 April) general election (election at Wigtown)
- Archibald Montgomerie: 2 votes (Whithorn, Wigtown)
- Hutchison Mure: 2 votes (New Galloway, Stranraer)
- Montgomerie elected by Wigtown's casting vote
- Chose to sit for Ayrshire
- 1762 (19 February) by-election (election at Wigtown)
- Keith Stewart: Unopposed
- Resigned
- 1762 (15 April) by-election (election at Wigtown)
- John Hamilton: Unopposed
- 1768 (11 April) general election (election at Whithorn)
- George Augustus Selwyn: Unopposed
- Chose to sit for Gloucester
- 1768 (23 December) by-election (election at Whithorn)
- Chauncy Townsend: Unopposed
- Died
- 1770 (7 May) by-election (election at Whithorn)
- William Stewart: Unopposed
- 1774 (31 October) general election (election at New Galloway)
- William Norton: 2 votes (New Galloway, Stranraer)
- Henry Watkin Dashwood: 2 votes (Whithorn, Wigtown)
- Norton elected by New Galloway's casting vote
- 1775 (23 March) last election declared void
- Henry Watkin Dashwood: Awarded the seat
- 1780 (2 October) general election (election at Stranraer)
- William Adam: Unopposed
- Appointed Treasurer of the Ordnance
- 1783 (9 May) by-election (election at Stranraer)
- William Adam: Unopposed
- 1784 (26 April) general election (election at Wigtown)
- William Dalrymple: 3 votes (New Gallowat, Stranraer, Whithorn)
- George Johnstone: 1 vote (Wigtown)
- 1790 (12 July) general election (election at Whithorn)
- Nisbet Balfour: 2 votes
- Lord Daer: 2 votes
- Balfour elected by Whithorn's casting vote
- 1796 (20 June) general election (election at New Galloway)
- John Spalding: Unopposed
- 1802 general election (election at Stranraer)
- John Spalding: 3 votes
- Robert Vans Agnew: 1 vote
- Resigned
- 1803 (29 July) by-election (election at Stranraer)
- William Stewart: Unopposed
- Resigned
- 1805 (9 August) by-election (election at Stranraer)
- James Graham: Unopposed
- 1806 (24 November) general election (election at Wigtown)
- Edward Richard Stewart: Unopposed
- 1807 general election (election at Whithorn)
- Edward Richard Stewart: Unopposed
- Appointed a Commissioner for victualling the Navy
- 1809 (27 February) by-election (election at Whithorn)
- Lyndon Evelyn (Tory): Unopposed
- 1812 (30 October) general election (election at New Galloway)
- James Henry Keith Stewart (Tory): Unopposed
- 1818 general election (election at Stranraer)
- James Henry Keith Stewart (Tory): Unopposed
- 1820 general election (election at Wigtown)
- James Henry Keith Stewart (Tory): Unopposed
- Resigned
- 1821 (21 March) by-election (election at Wigtown)
- John Osborn (Tory): Unopposed
- Appointed a Commissioner for Auditing Public Accounts
- 1824 (4 March) by-election (election at Wigtown)
- Nicholas Conyngham Tindal (Tory): Unopposed
- 1826 (3 July) general election (election at Whithorn)
- John Henry Lowther (Tory): Unopposed
- 1830 general election (election at New Galloway)
- John Henry Lowther (Tory): Unopposed
- 1831 (23 May) general election (election at Stranraer)
- Edward Stewart (Whig): Unopposed
- 1832 general election
- 316 electors, 296 voted, turnout 93.67%
- Edward Stewart (Liberal) 159 (53.72%)
- John McTaggart (Liberal) 137 (46.29%)
- majority 22 (7.43%)
- 1835 (19 January) general election
- 362 electors, 306 voted, turnout 84.53%
- John McTaggart (Liberal) 224 (73.20%)
- John Douglas (Liberal) 82 (26.80%)
- majority 142 (46.41%)
- 1837 general election
- 380 electors, 267 voted, turnout 70.26%
- John McTaggart (Liberal) 151 (56.55%)
- Andrew Agnew (Liberal) 116 (43.45%)
- majority 35 (13.11%)
Elections in the 1830s edit
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tory | John Lowther | Unopposed | |||
| Registered electors | c. 75 | ||||
| Tory hold | |||||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Whig | Edward Stewart | Unopposed | |||
| Registered electors | c. 75 | ||||
| Whig gain from Tory | |||||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Whig | Edward Stewart | 159 | 53.7 | ||
| Whig | John McTaggart | 137 | 46.3 | ||
| Majority | 22 | 7.4 | |||
| Turnout | 296 | 93.7 | |||
| Registered electors | 316 | ||||
| Whig hold | |||||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Whig | John McTaggart | 224 | 73.2 | +26.9 | |
| Radical | John Douglas | 82 | 26.8 | New | |
| Majority | 142 | 46.4 | +39.0 | ||
| Turnout | 306 | 84.5 | −9.2 | ||
| Registered electors | 362 | ||||
| Whig hold | Swing | +26.9 | |||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Whig | John McTaggart | 151 | 56.6 | −16.6 | |
| Whig | Andrew Agnew | 116 | 43.4 | N/A | |
| Majority | 35 | 13.2 | -33.2 | ||
| Turnout | 267 | 70.3 | −14.2 | ||
| Registered electors | 380 | ||||
| Whig hold | Swing | −16.6 | |||
Elections in the 1840s edit
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Whig | John McTaggart | 157 | 54.9 | −1.7 | |
| Conservative | Patrick Vans Agnew | 129 | 45.1 | New | |
| Majority | 28 | 9.8 | -3.4 | ||
| Turnout | 286 | 72.8 | +2.5 | ||
| Registered electors | 393 | ||||
| Whig hold | Swing | −1.7 | |||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Whig | John McTaggart | Unopposed | |||
| Registered electors | 382 | ||||
| Whig hold | |||||
Elections in the 1850s edit
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Whig | John McTaggart | 140 | 50.2 | N/A | |
| Conservative | James Caird[15] | 139 | 49.8 | New | |
| Majority | 1 | 0.4 | N/A | ||
| Turnout | 279 | 69.8 | N/A | ||
| Registered electors | 400 | ||||
| Whig hold | Swing | N/A | |||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Whig | William Dunbar | Unopposed | |||
| Registered electors | 694 | ||||
| Whig hold | |||||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liberal | William Dunbar | Unopposed | |||
| Registered electors | 505 | ||||
| Liberal hold | |||||
Dunbar was appointed a Lord Commissioner of the Treasury, requiring a by-election.
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liberal | William Dunbar | Unopposed | |||
| Liberal hold | |||||
Elections in the 1860s edit
Dunbar resigned after being appointed Commissioner for Auditing the Public Accounts, causing a by-election.
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liberal | George Young | Unopposed | |||
| Liberal hold | |||||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liberal | George Young | Unopposed | |||
| Registered electors | 518 | ||||
| Liberal hold | |||||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liberal | George Young | 484 | 57.1 | N/A | |
| Conservative | Robert Vans-Agnew | 364 | 42.9 | New | |
| Majority | 120 | 14.2 | N/A | ||
| Turnout | 848 | 87.8 | N/A | ||
| Registered electors | 966 | ||||
| Liberal hold | Swing | N/A | |||
Young was appointed Solicitor General for Scotland, requiring a by-election.
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liberal | George Young | Unopposed | |||
| Liberal hold | |||||
Elections in the 1870s edit
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liberal | George Young | 515 | 50.0 | −7.1 | |
| Conservative | Mark Stewart | 514 | 50.0 | +7.1 | |
| Majority | 1 | 0.0 | −14.2 | ||
| Turnout | 1,029 | 87.5 | −0.3 | ||
| Registered electors | 1,176 | ||||
| Liberal hold | Swing | −7.1 | |||
On the initial count, Stewart had received 525 votes compared to Young's 517. However, on petition, his election was declared void and the above results were given after scrutiny. Nevertheless, by the time the petition was heard, Young had been appointed Senator of the College of Justice, and a by-election was necessitated.
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conservative | Mark Stewart | 525 | 50.4 | +0.4 | |
| Liberal | Augustus Smith[16] | 517 | 49.6 | −0.4 | |
| Majority | 8 | 0.8 | N/A | ||
| Turnout | 1,042 | 88.6 | +1.1 | ||
| Registered electors | 1,176 | ||||
| Conservative gain from Liberal | Swing | +0.4 | |||
Elections in the 1880s edit
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liberal | John McLaren | 650 | 50.5 | +0.5 | |
| Conservative | Mark Stewart | 638 | 49.5 | −0.5 | |
| Majority | 12 | 1.0 | +1.0 | ||
| Turnout | 1,288 | 92.6 | +5.1 | ||
| Registered electors | 1,391 | ||||
| Liberal hold | Swing | +0.5 | |||
McLaren was appointed Lord Advocate, requiring a by-election.
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conservative | Mark Stewart | 656 | 50.9 | +1.4 | |
| Liberal | John McLaren | 633 | 49.1 | −1.4 | |
| Majority | 23 | 1.8 | N/A | ||
| Turnout | 1,289 | 92.7 | +0.1 | ||
| Registered electors | 1,391 | ||||
| Conservative gain from Liberal | Swing | +1.4 | |||
The by-election was declared void on petition, causing a second by-election.
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conservative | John Dalrymple-Hay | 636 | 50.6 | +1.1 | |
| Liberal | Gilbert McMicking[17] | 620 | 49.4 | −1.1 | |
| Majority | 16 | 1.2 | N/A | ||
| Turnout | 1,256 | 90.3 | −2.3 | ||
| Registered electors | 1,391 | ||||
| Conservative gain from Liberal | Swing | +1.1 | |||
References edit
- ^ "No. 19008". The London Gazette. 28 December 1832. p. 2838.
- ^ "Wigtown District of Burghs 1708-1885 (Hansard)". api.parliament.uk.
- ^ "Wigtown Burghs". History of Parliament Online (1690-1715). Retrieved 27 March 2019.
- ^ "Wigtown Burghs". History of Parliament Online (1715-1754). Retrieved 27 March 2019.
- ^ "Wigtown Burghs". History of Parliament Online (1754-1790). Retrieved 27 March 2019.
- ^ "Wigtown Burghs". History of Parliament Online (1790-1820). Retrieved 27 March 2019.
- ^ "Wigtown Burghs". History of Parliament Online (1820-1832). Retrieved 27 March 2019.
- ^ a b c d e f g Smith, Henry Stooks (1842). The Register of Parliamentary Contested Elections (Second ed.). Simpkin, Marshall & Company. p. 213. Retrieved 5 September 2018.
- ^ Churton, Edward (1838). The Assembled Commons or Parliamentary Biographer: 1838. p. 152. Retrieved 5 September 2018 – via Google Books.
- ^ "The Scotsman". 4 February 1835. p. 2. Retrieved 5 September 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.
- ^ "Bucks Herald". 18 April 1857. pp. 4–5. Retrieved 5 September 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.
- ^ a b Fisher, David R. "Wigtown Burghs". The History of Parliament. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
- ^ a b Cook, Chris; Stevenson, John (1980). British Historical Facts 1760-1830. Basingstoke: Palgrave. p. 58. doi:10.1007/978-1-137-06465-3. ISBN 978-1-137-06465-3. Retrieved 7 May 2020 – via Google Books.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Craig, F. W. S., ed. (1977). British Parliamentary Election Results 1832-1885 (e-book) (1st ed.). London: Macmillan Press. pp. 563–564. ISBN 978-1-349-02349-3.
- ^ "Scotch Elections". Glasgow Herald. 19 July 1852. p. 2. Retrieved 5 September 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.
- ^ "Election Intelligence". Manchester Courier and Lancashire General Advertiser. 29 June 1874. p. 8. Retrieved 23 January 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.
- ^ "Election Intelligence". Staffordshire Sentinel. 27 July 1880. p. 3. Retrieved 23 December 2017 – via British Newspaper Archive.
Sources edit
- The Parliaments of England by Henry Stooks Smith (1st edition published in three volumes 1844–50), 2nd edition edited (in one volume) by F.W.S. Craig (Political Reference Publications 1973)
- History of Parliament: House of Commons 1754-1790, by Sir Lewis Namier and James Brooke (Sidgwick & Jackson 1964)
- British Parliamentary Election Results 1832-1885, compiled and edited by F.W.S. Craig (The Macmillan Press 1977)
- Leigh Rayment's Historical List of MPs – Constituencies beginning with "W" (part 4)