Wicket-keeper

Initially, during the bowling of the ball the wicket-keeper crouches in a full squatting position but partly stands up as the ball is received. Australian wicket-keeper Sammy Carter (1878 to 1948) was the first to squat on his haunches rather than bend over from the waist (stooping).^[2]

The keeper's major function is to stop deliveries that pass the batsman (in order to prevent runs being scored as 'byes'), but he can also attempt to dismiss the batsman in various ways:

• The most common dismissal effected by the keeper is for him to catch a ball that has nicked the batsman's bat, called an edge, before it bounces. Sometimes the keeper is also in the best position to catch a ball that has been hit high in the air. More catches are taken by wicket-keepers than by any other fielding position.
• The keeper can stump the batsman by using the ball to remove the bails from the stumps, if the batsman is out of his crease after a delivery has passed the stumps into the keeper's hands. The keeper must then dislodge the bail(s) and the batsman is out if he is still outside the crease.
• When the ball is hit into the outfield, the keeper moves close to the stumps to catch the return throw from a fielder and, if possible, to run out a batsman by collecting the ball in his gloves and putting down the wicket.
• If the batter & non-striker attempt to run a bye following the batsman missing or not playing a shot the wicket-keeper can throw the ball at the stumps after he catches the delivery. In outfield cricket, it is a rare play due to the high chance of the non-striker being put out, but when it happens it is usually an important moment where the batting team is trying to desperately score a run to win or tie a game or to get the stronger batter in a partnership on strike so they can bat instead. This play is common during indoor cricket games due to the shorter distance the non-striker has to run and penalty for a wicket being runs, not the loss of the batter themselves. It is common for indoor cricket wicket-keepers to only wear a single glove in order to make throws to the non-striker's end easier to hit with.
• The only example of the obstructing the field dismissal in Test cricket came from a batter attempting to hit the ball away from a catch being taken by the wicket-keeper.

A keeper's position depends on the bowler: for fast bowling he will squat some distance from the stumps, in order to have time to react to edges from the batsman, while for slower bowling, he will come much nearer to the stumps (known as "standing up"), to pressure the batsman into remaining within the crease or risk being stumped. The more skilled the keeper, the faster the bowling to which he is able to "stand up", for instance Godfrey Evans often stood up to Alec Bedser.^[3]

Like the other players on a cricket team the keepers will bat during the team's batting innings. At elite levels, wicket-keepers are generally expected to be proficient batters averaging considerably more than specialist bowlers. This wicket-keeper-batsman form became popular in the 1990s as the Australian national team saw success when elevating Adam Gilchrist to the team after the retirement of Ian Healy. Healy averaged 27.39 and 4,356 runs total from his 119 Test matches, and is viewed as a specialist wicket-keeper who had improved his marginally effective batting toward the end of his career. Gilchrist on the other hand was a dominating, powerful batsman from the start, playing 96 Test matches with a 47.60 average with 5,570 total runs despite playing 23 less matches. Gilchrist's success effectively forced the specialist wicket-keeper into extinction at the top levels of the sport as teams could no long afford to pick a mediocre or poor batsman in the position as long as the player who was chosen could perform up to basic standards of the wicket-keeper position when fielding.

Law 27.2, which deals with the specifications for wicketkeepers' gloves, states that:

• If ... the wicket-keeper wears gloves, they shall have no webbing between the fingers except joining index finger and thumb, where webbing may be inserted as a means of support.
• If used, the webbing shall be a single piece of non-stretch material which, although it may have facing material attached, shall have no reinforcements or tucks.
• The top edge of the webbing shall not protrude beyond the straight line joining the top of the index finger to the top of the thumb and shall be taut when a hand wearing the glove has the thumb fully extended.^[1]

Substitutes were previously not allowed to keep wicket, but this restriction was lifted in the 2017 edition of the Laws of Cricket.

This rule was sometimes suspended, by agreement with the captain of the batting side. For example, during the England–New Zealand Test match at Lord's in 1986, England's specialist keeper, Bruce French, was injured while batting during England's first innings. England then used four keepers in New Zealand's first innings: Bill Athey kept for the first two overs; 45-year-old veteran Bob Taylor was pulled out of the sponsor's tent to keep for overs 3 to 76; Bobby Parks, the Hampshire keeper, was called up for overs 77 to 140; and Bruce French kept wicket for the final ball of the innings.^[4]

Arthur Jones was the first substitute to keep wicket in a Test match, when he did so against Australia at The Oval in 1905.^[5] Virat Kohli once happened to substitute MS Dhoni, as the latter had to attend for his nature's call. This incident happened in 2015 during India vs Bangladesh ODI match.^[6]

There is no rule stating a team must play a wicket-keeper.^[7] On 5 June 2015 during a T20 Blast game between the Worcestershire Rapids and the Northamptonshire Steelbacks, Worcestershire chose not to play a wicket-keeper in the 16th over of the match.^[8] Their keeper, Ben Cox, became an extra fielder at fly slip while spinner Moeen Ali bowled.^[8] The umpires consulted with each other and agreed that there was nothing in the rules to prevent it from happening.^[9]

The following are the top 10 wicket-keepers by total dismissals in Test cricket.^[10]

Leading Test match wicket-keepers by dismissals1
Rank	Name	Country	Matches	Caught	Stumped	Total dismissals
1	Mark Boucher	South Africa	147	532	23	555
2	Adam Gilchrist	Australia	96	379	37	416
3	Ian Healy	Australia	119	366	29	395
4	Rod Marsh	Australia	96	343	12	355
5	MS Dhoni	India	90	256	38	294
6	Brad Haddin	Australia	66	262	8	270
	Jeff Dujon	West Indies	81	265	5	270
8	Alan Knott	England	95	250	19	269
9	BJ Watling	New Zealand	73	249	8	257
10	Matt Prior	England	79	243	13	256
Statistics are correct as of 13 August 2018 Bold indicates current player Matches is the total number of Tests played, which is not necessarily the number of matches keeping wicket. Some of the players listed have additional catches in games they have played as a normal fielder.

The following are the top wicket-keepers by total dismissals in one day cricket.^[11]

Leading one-day wicket-keepers by dismissals
Rank	Name	Country	Matches	Caught	Stumped	Total dismissals
1	Kumar Sangakkara	Sri Lanka	353	383	99	482
2	Adam Gilchrist	Australia	287	417	55	472
3	MS Dhoni	India	341	321	123	444
4	Mark Boucher	South Africa	295	403	22	424
5	Moin Khan	Pakistan	219	214	73	287
6	Brendon McCullum	New Zealand	260	227	15	242
7	Ian Healy	Australia	168	194	39	233
8	Rashid Latif	Pakistan	166	182	38	220
9	Mushfiqur Rahim	Bangladesh	205	169	42	211
10	Romesh Kaluwitharana	Sri Lanka	189	131	75	206
Statistics are correct as of 23 September 2019 Bold indicates current player Matches is the total number of ODIs played, which is not necessarily the number of matches keeping wicket. A number of the players listed have additional catches in games they have played as a normal fielder.

The following are the top 10 wicket-keepers by total dismissals in Twenty20 International cricket.^[12]

Leading T20I wicket-keepers by dismissals
Rank	Name	Country	Matches	Caught	Stumped	Total dismissals
1	MS Dhoni	India	98	57	34	91
2	Kamran Akmal	Pakistan	58	28	32	60
3	Denesh Ramdin	West Indies	68	38	20	58
4	Mushfiqur Rahim	Bangladesh	81	30	28	58
5	Mohammad Shahzad	Afghanistan	65	26	28	54
6	Quinton de Kock	South Africa	38	36	10	46
7	Kumar Sangakkara	Sri Lanka	56	25	20	45
8	Sarfaraz Ahmed	Pakistan	55	34	10	44
9	Brendon McCullum	New Zealand	71	24	8	32
10	Luke Ronchi	New Zealand	33	24	6	30
Statistics are correct as of 23 September 2019 Bold indicates current player Matches is the total number of T20Is played, which is not necessarily the number of matches keeping wicket. A number of the players listed have additional catches in games they have played as a normal fielder.

• Catcher
• Glossary of cricket terms
• Wicket-keeper's gloves
• Wicket-keeper-batsman

• Surya Prakash Chaturvedi, Bharat ke Wicket Keepers, National Book Trust, 2011