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List of United Kingdom general elections

(Redirected from United Kingdom general elections)

For by-election results, see List of United Kingdom by-elections (2010–present). For information on UK elections in general, see Elections in the United Kingdom. For earlier elections, see Elections in Great Britain.

This is a list of United Kingdom general elections (elections for the UK House of Commons) since the first in 1802. The members of the 1801–1802 Parliament had been elected to the former Parliament of Great Britain and Parliament of Ireland, before being co-opted to serve in the first Parliament of the United Kingdom, so that Parliament is not included in the table below. There have been 57 general elections held in the UK up to and including the December 2019 election.

Election results edit

Shares of the vote in general elections since 1832 received by Conservatives[note 1] (blue), Liberals/Liberal Democrats[note 2] (orange), Labour (red) and others (grey)[1][2][3]

In 1801, the right to vote in the United Kingdom was severely restricted. Universal suffrage, on an equal basis for men and women over the age of 21, was established in 1928. Before 1918, general elections did not occur on a single day and polling was spread over several weeks.

The majority figure given is for the difference between the number of MPs elected at the general election from the party (or parties) of the government, as opposed to all other parties (some of which may have been giving some support to the government, but were not participating in a coalition). The Speaker is excluded from the calculation. A negative majority means that there was a hung parliament (or minority government) following that election. For example, at the 1929 general election, Labour was 42 seats short of forming a majority, and so its majority is listed as −42. If the party in office changed the figure is re-calculated, but no allowance is made for changes after the general election.

No attempt is made to define a majority before 1832, when the Reform Act disenfranchised the rotten boroughs; before then the Tory party had an undemocratically entrenched dominance. Particularly in the early part of the period, the complexity of factional alignments, with both the Whig and Tory traditions tending to have some members in government and others in opposition factions simultaneously, make it impossible to produce an objective majority figure. The figures between 1832 and about 1859 are approximate due to problems of defining what was a party in government, as the source provides figures for all Liberals rather than just the Whig component in what developed into the Liberal Party. The Whig and Peelite Prime Ministers in the table below are regarded as having the support of all Liberals.

List of elections edit

19th century edit

ElectionNo.DatesPrime minister appointed by monarch
(during term)		Winning partyGovernment
vote share		Seat majoritySeatsMonarch
(Reign)
1802
(MPs)		1st5 July – 28 August 1802Henry AddingtonTory——658George III

(1760–1820)
(William Pitt the Younger)[a]
1806
(MPs)		2nd29 October – 17 December 1806The Lord GrenvilleWhig
1807
(MPs)		3rd4 May – 9 June 1807The Duke of PortlandTory
(Spencer Perceval)[a]
1812
(MPs)		4th5 October – 10 November 1812The Earl of Liverpool
1818
(MPs)		5th17 June – 18 July 1818
1820
(MPs)		6th6 March – 14 April 1820George IV

(1820–1830)
1826
(MPs)		7th7 June – 12 July 1826George Canning[a]
(The Viscount Goderich)
(The Duke of Wellington)
1830
(MPs)		8th29 July – 1 September 1830The Duke of Wellington[b][4]ToryN/AN/AWilliam IV

(1830–1837)
1831
(MPs)		9th28 April – 1 June 1831The Earl GreyWhigN/A135
1832
(MPs)		10th10 December 1832 – 8 January 1833[5]The Earl Grey67.0%225
(The Viscount Melbourne)[c][6]
(The Duke of Wellington)Conservative29.2%−308
(Sir Robert Peel)
1835
(MPs)		11th6 January – 6 February 1835Sir Robert Peel[d][7]42.8%−113 (C)
(The Viscount Melbourne)Whig57.2%113
1837
(MPs)		12th24 July – 18 August 1837The Viscount Melbourne[e][8]52.4%29Victoria

(1837–1901)
1841
(MPs)		13th29 June – 22 July 1841The Viscount Melbourne[f][9]Whig46.2%N/A
(Sir Robert Peel)[g][10]Conservative51.6%77
(Lord John Russell)Whig46.2%N/A
1847
(MPs)		14th29 July – 26 August 1847Lord John Russell[h][11]Whig53.8%−72656
(The Earl of Derby)Conservative42.6%N/A
1852
(MPs)		15th7–31 July 1852The Earl of Derby[i][12]Conservative41.9%7654
(The Earl of Aberdeen)[j][13]PeeliteN/AN/A
(The Viscount Palmerston)Whig57.9%
1857
(MPs)		16th27 March – 24 April 1857The Viscount Palmerston[k][14]Whig64.8%100
(The Earl of Derby)Conservative33.5%N/A
1859
(MPs)		17th28 April – 18 May 1859The Earl of Derby[l][15]Conservative34.2%N/A
(The Viscount Palmerston)Liberal65.8%59
1865
(MPs)		18th11–24 July 1865The Viscount Palmerston[a]59.5%81658
(The Earl Russell)[m][16]N/A
(The Earl of Derby)Conservative40.5%
(Benjamin Disraeli)
1868
(MPs)		19th17 November – 7 December 1868William Ewart GladstoneLiberal61.2%115
1874
(MPs)		20th31 January – 17 February 1874Benjamin DisraeliConservative44.3%49652
1880
(MPs)		21st31 March – 27 April 1880William Ewart Gladstone[17]Liberal54.7%51
(The Marquess of Salisbury)Conservative42.5%N/A
1885
(MPs)		22nd24 November – 18 December 1885The Marquess of Salisbury[18]Conservative[n]43.0%N/A670
(William Ewart Gladstone)[19]Liberal47.7%−16
1886
(MPs)		23rd1–27 July 1886The Marquess of SalisburyConservative & Liberal Unionists51.4%58
1892
(MPs)		24th4–26 July 1892The Marquess of Salisbury[20]47.0%N/A
(William Ewart Gladstone)Liberal45.4%−126
(The Earl of Rosebery)[21]
(The Marquess of Salisbury)[o]Conservative & Liberal Unionists47.0%N/A
1895
(MPs)		25th13 July – 7 August 1895The Marquess of SalisburyConservative & Liberal Unionists49.3%153
1900
(MPs)		26th26 September – 24 October 1900[p]The Marquess of SalisburyConservative & Liberal Unionists50.2%135
(Arthur Balfour)50.2%N/A
(Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman)[o]Liberal45.1%
  1. ^ a b c d Died in office.
  2. ^ Was defeated on a motion to examine the accounts of the Civil List on 15 November 1830 and resigned the following day.
  3. ^ Was dismissed by William IV on 14 November 1834.
  4. ^ Peel was defeated on a report about the Irish Church on 7 April 1835 and resigned the following day.
  5. ^ Defeated on a motion of no confidence on 4 June 1841 and advised the Queen to dissolve Parliament, which she did on 23 June.
  6. ^ Ministry met the House of Commons, but was defeated on an amendment to the Address on 27 August 1841 and resigned on 30 August 1841.
  7. ^ Was defeated on an Irish Coercion Bill on 25 June 1846 and resigned on 29 June 1846.
  8. ^ Was defeated on a militia Bill on 20 February 1852 and resigned on 23 February.
  9. ^ Was defeated on the Budget on 16 December 1852 and resigned on 19 December 1852.
  10. ^ Was defeated on a vote in favour of a select committee to enquire into alleged mismanagement during the Crimean War on 29 January 1855 and resigned the next day.
  11. ^ Was defeated on a Bill, which made it a felony to plot in Britain to murder someone abroad, on 19 February 1858 and resigned on the same day.
  12. ^ Ministry met the Commons, but was defeated on an amendment to the Address on 10 June 1859 and resigned on 11 June 1859.
  13. ^ Was defeated on Parliamentary reform proposals on 18 June 1866 and resigned on 26 June 1866.
  14. ^ Hung parliament.
  15. ^ a b Immediately advised the dissolution of Parliament upon becoming Prime Minister.
  16. ^ Known as a Khaki election which is an election heavily influenced by wartime or postwar sentiment.

20th century edit

ElectionNo.DatePrime minister appointed by monarch
(during term)		Winning partyGovernment
vote share		Seat majoritySeatsTurnout[22]Monarch
(Reign)
1906
(MPs)		27th12 January – 8 February 1906Sir Henry Campbell-BannermanLiberal48.9%129670—Edward VII

(1901–1910)
(H. H. Asquith)
1910
(MPs)		28th15 January – 10 February 1910H. H. AsquithLiberal (minority government)[a]43.5%−122670
1910
(MPs)		29th3–19 December 1910H. H. Asquith44.2%−126George V

(1910–1936)
(David Lloyd George)
The election that would have been due by 1916 as a result of the Parliament Act 1911 was not held due to the First World War (1914–1918).
1918
(MPs)		30th14 December 1918David Lloyd GeorgeLiberal (coalition)[b]53.0%23870757.2%
(Bonar Law)[c]Conservative
1922
(MPs)		31st15 November 1922Bonar Law38.5%7461573.0%
(Stanley Baldwin)
1923
(MPs)		32nd6 December 1923Stanley Baldwin[23]Conservative (minority government)[a]38.0%N/A61571.1%
(Ramsay MacDonald)Labour (minority government)30.7%−98
1924
(MPs)		33rd29 October 1924Stanley BaldwinConservative46.8%21061577.0%
1929
(MPs)		34th30 May 1929[d]Ramsay MacDonaldLabour (minority government)[a]37.1%−4261576.3%
1931
(MPs)		35th27 October 1931Ramsay MacDonaldNational Labour (National Government)67.2%49261576.4%
1935
(MPs)		36th14 November 1935Stanley BaldwinConservative (National Government)51.8%24261571.1%
(Neville Chamberlain)51.8%242George VI

(1936–1952)
(Sir Winston Churchill)Conservative (war-time coalition)97.7%609
Conservative (caretaker government)51.8%242
The election due by 1940 was not held due to the Second World War (1939–1945).[24]
1945
(MPs)		37th5 July 1945Clement AttleeLabour47.7%14664072.8%
1950
(MPs)		38th23 February 195046.1%562583.9%
1951
(MPs)		39th25 October 1951Sir Winston ChurchillConservative48.0%1762582.6%
(Sir Anthony Eden)Elizabeth II
(1952–2022)
1955
(MPs)		40th26 May 1955Sir Anthony Eden49.7%6063076.8%
(Harold Macmillan)
1959
(MPs)		41st8 October 1959Harold Macmillan49.4%10078.7%
(Sir Alec Douglas-Home)
1964
(MPs)		42nd15 October 1964Harold WilsonLabour44.1%463077.1%
1966
(MPs)		43rd31 March 196648.0%9875.8%
1970
(MPs)		44th18 June 1970Edward HeathConservative46.4%3063072.0%
1974
(MPs)		45th28 February 1974Harold WilsonLabour (minority government)[a]37.2%−3363078.8%
1974
(MPs)		46th10 October 1974Harold WilsonLabour39.2%363572.8%
(James Callaghan)
1979
(MPs)		47th3 May 1979Margaret ThatcherConservative43.9%4363576.0%
1983
(MPs)		48th9 June 198342.4%14465072.7%
1987
(MPs)		49th11 June 1987Margaret Thatcher42.2%10275.3%
(John Major)
1992
(MPs)		50th9 April 1992John Major41.9%2165177.7%
1997
(MPs)		51st1 May 1997Tony BlairLabour43.2%17965971.4%
  1. ^ a b c d Hung parliament.
  2. ^ Coalition Coupon. The Conservative party (led by Bonar Law) won the most votes and seats, but David Lloyd George became Prime Minister as leader of the Liberal party as part of a major cross-party deal.
  3. ^ Bonar Law immediately advised the dissolution of Parliament upon becoming Prime Minister on 23 October 1922.
  4. ^ Known as the 'flapper' election because it was the first election in which women aged 21–29 had the right to vote.

21st century edit

ElectionNo.DatePrime minister appointed by monarch
(during term)		Winning partyGovernment
vote share		Seat majoritySeatsTurnout[22]Monarch
(Reign)
2001
(MPs)		52nd7 June 2001Tony BlairLabour40.7%16765959.4%Elizabeth II
(1952–2022)
2005
(MPs)		53rd5 May 2005Tony Blair35.2%6664661.4%
(Gordon Brown)[a]
2010
(MPs)		54th6 May 2010David CameronConservative (coalition)[b]59.1%[c]78[d]65065.1%
2015
(MPs)		55th7 May 2015David CameronConservative36.8%1265066.1%
(Theresa May)[e]
2017
(MPs)		56th8 June 2017Theresa MayConservative (confidence and supply government)[f]42.3%−5[g]65068.8%[25]
(Boris Johnson)[h]
2019
(MPs)		57th12 December 2019Boris JohnsonConservative43.6%8065067.3%
(Liz Truss)[i]Charles III
(2022–present)
(Rishi Sunak)[j]
202458th4 July 2024To be decidedTo be decidedTo be decidedTBD650TBD
  1. ^ Brown succeeded Blair as leader of the Labour party on 24 June 2007, after being unopposed in a party leadership election. He officially became Prime Minister 3 days later.
  2. ^ Hung parliament. Formed a coalition with the Liberal Democrats, led by Nick Clegg (who became Deputy Prime Minister).
  3. ^ Includes the vote share of both the Conservatives (36.1%) and Liberal Democrats (23%).
  4. ^ Combined coalition total.
  5. ^ May succeeded Cameron as Prime Minister on 13 July 2016, following a short party leadership election.
  6. ^ Hung parliament.
  7. ^ Confidence and supply agreement with the Democratic Unionist Party.
  8. ^ Johnson succeeded May as Prime Minister on 24 July 2019 – two days after being elected leader of the Conservative Party in a party leadership election.
  9. ^ Truss succeeded Johnson as Prime Minister on 6 September 2022 – the day after being elected leader of the Conservative Party in the July–September party leadership election.
  10. ^ Sunak succeeded Truss as Prime Minister on 25 October 2022 – the day after being elected (without opposition) leader of the Conservative Party in the October party leadership election.

See also edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ Including Tory (1832), Conservative (from 1835), Liberal Conservative (1847–1859), Liberal Unionist (1886–1910), National parties (1931–1945).
  2. ^ Including Whig (to mid-19th century), Liberal (mid-19th century to 1979), National Liberal (1922), Independent Liberal (1931), SDP-Liberal Alliance (1983–1987) and Liberal Democrat (from 1992).

References edit

  1. ^ Table 2.01 "Summary Results of General Elections 1832–2005 (UK)", in Colin Rallings and Michael Thrasher, British electoral facts, 1832–2006 (7th ed.), 2007, ISBN 978-0-7546-2712-8, p. 59.
  2. ^ "Election 2010 Results", BBC News.
  3. ^ "Election 2015 Results", BBC News.
  4. ^ "COMMITTEE "UPON THE CIVIL LIST". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). 15 November 1830.
  5. ^ "parliament.uk" (PDF). parliament.uk. commonslibrary.parliament.uk. Retrieved 20 July 2023.
  6. ^ "PROROGATION". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). 15 August 1834.
  7. ^ "CHURCH OF IRELAND". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). 7 April 1835.
  8. ^ "CONFIDENCE IN THE MINISTRY— ADJOURNED DEBATE (FIFTH DAY)". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). 4 June 1841.
  9. ^ "ADDRESS IN ANSWER TO THE SPEECH— ADJOURNED DEBATE, FOURTH NIGHT". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). 27 August 1841.
  10. ^ "PROTECTION OF LIFE (IRELAND) BILL—ADJOURNED DEBATE—(SIXTH NIGHT)". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). 25 June 1846.
  11. ^ "LOCAL MILITIA". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). 20 February 1852.
  12. ^ "WAYS AND MEANS—FINANCIAL STATEMENT—ADJOURNED DEBATE(FOURTH NIGHT)". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). 16 December 1852.
  13. ^ "ARMY (CRIMEA)—THE CONDUCT OF THE WAR, AND CONDITION OF THE ARMY. ADJOURNED DEBATE.—(SECOND NIGHT.)". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). 29 January 1855.
  14. ^ "SECOND READING". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). 19 February 1858. Retrieved 22 December 2019.
  15. ^ "DEBATE RESUMED. (THIRD NIGHT)". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). 10 June 1859. Retrieved 23 December 2019.
  16. ^ "MOTION FOR ADJOURNMENT". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). 19 June 1866.
  17. ^ Was defeated on the Budget on 8 June 1885 and resigned the next day
  18. ^ Met the Commons, but was defeated on an amendment to the Address on 26 January 1886 and resigned on 28 January
  19. ^ Was defeated on the Government of Ireland Bill on 7 June 1886 and advised the Queen to dissolve Parliament, which she did on 26 June.
  20. ^ Met the Commons, but was defeated on an amendment to the Address on 11 August 1892 and resigned the same day
  21. ^ Was defeated on the Cordite Vote on 21 June 1895 and resigned that day
  22. ^ a b Rogers, Simon (16 November 2012). "UK election historic turnouts since 1918 | News". theguardian.com. Retrieved 5 October 2013.
  23. ^ Met the Commons, but was defeated on an amendment to the Address on 21 January 1924 and resigned the next day
  24. ^ Katritses, Thomas. "British By-Elections in War-Time", American Political Science Review, Vol. 36, No. 3 (Jun., 1942), pp. 525-532.
  25. ^ Bate, Alex; Baker, Carl; Uberoi, Elise; Audickas, Lukas; Dempsey, Noel; Hawkins, Oliver; Cracknell, Richard; McInnes, Roderick; Rutherford, Tom; Apostolova, Vyara (29 January 2019). "General Election 2017: full results and analysis". House of Commons Library. UK Parliament.
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