Titanium, 22Ti
Titanium
Pronunciation
Appearancesilvery grey-white metallic
Standard atomic weight Ar°(Ti)
Titanium in the periodic table
HydrogenHelium
LithiumBerylliumBoronCarbonNitrogenOxygenFluorineNeon
SodiumMagnesiumAluminiumSiliconPhosphorusSulfurChlorineArgon
PotassiumCalciumScandiumTitaniumVanadiumChromiumManganeseIronCobaltNickelCopperZincGalliumGermaniumArsenicSeleniumBromineKrypton
RubidiumStrontiumYttriumZirconiumNiobiumMolybdenumTechnetiumRutheniumRhodiumPalladiumSilverCadmiumIndiumTinAntimonyTelluriumIodineXenon
CaesiumBariumLanthanumCeriumPraseodymiumNeodymiumPromethiumSamariumEuropiumGadoliniumTerbiumDysprosiumHolmiumErbiumThuliumYtterbiumLutetiumHafniumTantalumTungstenRheniumOsmiumIridiumPlatinumGoldMercury (element)ThalliumLeadBismuthPoloniumAstatineRadon
FranciumRadiumActiniumThoriumProtactiniumUraniumNeptuniumPlutoniumAmericiumCuriumBerkeliumCaliforniumEinsteiniumFermiumMendeleviumNobeliumLawrenciumRutherfordiumDubniumSeaborgiumBohriumHassiumMeitneriumDarmstadtiumRoentgeniumCoperniciumNihoniumFleroviumMoscoviumLivermoriumTennessineOganesson


Ti

Zr
scandiumtitaniumvanadium
Atomic number (Z)22
Groupgroup 4
Periodperiod 4
Block  d-block
Electron configuration[Ar] 3d2 4s2
Electrons per shell2, 8, 10, 2
Physical properties
Phase at STPsolid
Melting point1941 K ​(1668 °C, ​3034 °F)
Boiling point3560 K ​(3287 °C, ​5949 °F)
Density (at 20° C)4.502 g/cm3[4]
when liquid (at m.p.)4.11 g/cm3
Heat of fusion14.15 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization425 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity25.060 J/(mol·K)
Vapor pressure
P (Pa)1101001 k10 k100 k
at T (K)19822171(2403)269230643558
Atomic properties
Oxidation states−2, −1, 0,[5] +1, +2, +3, +4[6] (an amphoteric oxide)
ElectronegativityPauling scale: 1.54
Ionization energies
  • 1st: 658.8 kJ/mol
  • 2nd: 1309.8 kJ/mol
  • 3rd: 2652.5 kJ/mol
  • (more)
Atomic radiusempirical: 147 pm
Covalent radius160±8 pm
Color lines in a spectral range
Spectral lines of titanium
Other properties
Natural occurrenceprimordial
Crystal structurehexagonal close-packed (hcp) (hP2)
Lattice constants
Hexagonal close packed crystal structure for titanium
a = 295.05 pm
c = 468.33 pm (at 20 °C)[4]
Thermal expansion9.68×10−6/K (at 20 °C)[a]
Thermal conductivity21.9 W/(m⋅K)
Electrical resistivity420 nΩ⋅m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic orderingparamagnetic
Molar magnetic susceptibility+153.0×10−6 cm3/mol (293 K)[7]
Young's modulus116 GPa
Shear modulus44 GPa
Bulk modulus110 GPa
Speed of sound thin rod5090 m/s (at r.t.)
Poisson ratio0.32
Mohs hardness6.0
Vickers hardness830–3420 MPa
Brinell hardness716–2770 MPa
CAS Number7440-32-6
History
DiscoveryWilliam Gregor (1791)
First isolationJöns Jakob Berzelius (1825)
Named byMartin Heinrich Klaproth (1795)
Isotopes of titanium
Main isotopes[8]Decay
abun­dancehalf-life (t1/2)modepro­duct
44Tisynth59.1 yε44Sc
46Ti8.25%stable
47Ti7.44%stable
48Ti73.7%stable
49Ti5.41%stable
50Ti5.18%stable
 Category: Titanium
| references
Ti · Titanium
Sc ←

ibox Sc

iso
22
Ti  [e]
IB-Ti [e]
IBisos [e]
→ V

ibox V

indexes by PT (page)
child table, as reused in {IB-Ti}
Main isotopes of titanium
Main isotopes[8]Decay
abun­dancehalf-life (t1/2)modepro­duct
44Tisynth59.1 yε44Sc
46Ti8.25%stable
47Ti7.44%stable
48Ti73.7%stable
49Ti5.41%stable
50Ti5.18%stable
Data sets read by {{Infobox element}}
Name and identifiers
Symbol etymology (11 non-trivial)
Top image (caption, alt)
Pronunciation
Allotropes (overview)
Group (overview)
Period (overview)
Block (overview)
Natural occurrence
Phase at STP
Oxidation states
Spectral lines image
Electron configuration (cmt, ref)
Isotopes
Standard atomic weight
  most stable isotope
Wikidata
Wikidata *
* Not used in {{Infobox element}} (2023-01-01)
See also {{Index of data sets}} · Cat:data sets (45) · (this table: )

Notes

  1. ^ The thermal expansion is anisotropic: the coefficients for each crystal axis are (at 20 °C): αa = 9.48×10−6/K, αc = 10.06×10−6/K, and αaverage = αV/3 = 9.68×10−6/K.

References

  1. ^ "titanium". Lexico UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 2019-12-20.
  2. ^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Titanium". CIAAW. 1993.
  3. ^ Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.
  4. ^ a b Arblaster, John W. (2018). Selected Values of the Crystallographic Properties of Elements. Materials Park, Ohio: ASM International. ISBN 978-1-62708-155-9.
  5. ^ Jilek, Robert E.; Tripepi, Giovanna; Urnezius, Eugenijus; Brennessel, William W.; Young, Victor G. Jr.; Ellis, John E. (2007). "Zerovalent titanium–sulfur complexes. Novel dithiocarbamato derivatives of Ti(CO)6:[Ti(CO)4(S2CNR2)]". Chem. Commun. (25): 2639–2641. doi:10.1039/B700808B. PMID 17579764.
  6. ^ Andersson, N.; et al. (2003). "Emission spectra of TiH and TiD near 938 nm" (PDF). J. Chem. Phys. 118 (8): 10543. Bibcode:2003JChPh.118.3543A. doi:10.1063/1.1539848.
  7. ^ Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.
  8. ^ a b Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.