Cerium, 58Ce
Cerium
Pronunciation/ˈsɪəriəm/ (SEER-ee-əm)
Appearancesilvery white
Standard atomic weight Ar°(Ce)
Cerium in the periodic table
HydrogenHelium
LithiumBerylliumBoronCarbonNitrogenOxygenFluorineNeon
SodiumMagnesiumAluminiumSiliconPhosphorusSulfurChlorineArgon
PotassiumCalciumScandiumTitaniumVanadiumChromiumManganeseIronCobaltNickelCopperZincGalliumGermaniumArsenicSeleniumBromineKrypton
RubidiumStrontiumYttriumZirconiumNiobiumMolybdenumTechnetiumRutheniumRhodiumPalladiumSilverCadmiumIndiumTinAntimonyTelluriumIodineXenon
CaesiumBariumLanthanumCeriumPraseodymiumNeodymiumPromethiumSamariumEuropiumGadoliniumTerbiumDysprosiumHolmiumErbiumThuliumYtterbiumLutetiumHafniumTantalumTungstenRheniumOsmiumIridiumPlatinumGoldMercury (element)ThalliumLeadBismuthPoloniumAstatineRadon
FranciumRadiumActiniumThoriumProtactiniumUraniumNeptuniumPlutoniumAmericiumCuriumBerkeliumCaliforniumEinsteiniumFermiumMendeleviumNobeliumLawrenciumRutherfordiumDubniumSeaborgiumBohriumHassiumMeitneriumDarmstadtiumRoentgeniumCoperniciumNihoniumFleroviumMoscoviumLivermoriumTennessineOganesson


Ce

Th
lanthanumceriumpraseodymium
Atomic number (Z)58
Groupf-block groups (no number)
Periodperiod 6
Block  f-block
Electron configuration[Xe] 4f1 5d1 6s2[3]
Electrons per shell2, 8, 18, 19, 9, 2
Physical properties
Phase at STPsolid
Melting point1068 K ​(795 °C, ​1463 °F)
Boiling point3716 K ​(3443 °C, ​6229 °F)
Density (at 20° C)β-Ce: 6.689 g/cm3
γ-Ce: 6.769 g/cm3[4]
when liquid (at m.p.)6.55 g/cm3
Heat of fusion5.46 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization398 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity26.94 J/(mol·K)
Vapor pressure
P (Pa)1101001 k10 k100 k
at T (K)199221942442275431593705
Atomic properties
Oxidation states+1, +2, +3, +4 (a mildly basic oxide)
ElectronegativityPauling scale: 1.12
Ionization energies
  • 1st: 534.4 kJ/mol
  • 2nd: 1050 kJ/mol
  • 3rd: 1949 kJ/mol
  • (more)
Atomic radiusempirical: 181.8 pm
Covalent radius204±9 pm
Color lines in a spectral range
Spectral lines of cerium
Other properties
Natural occurrenceprimordial
Crystal structureβ-Ce: ​double hexagonal close-packed (dhcp) (hP4)
Lattice constants
Double hexagonal close packed crystal structure for β-Ce: cerium
a = 0.36811 nm
c = 1.1857 nm (at 20 °C)[4]
Crystal structureγ-Ce: ​face-centered cubic (fcc) (cF4)
Lattice constant
Face-centered cubic crystal structure for γ-Ce: cerium
a = 0.51612 nm (at 20 °C)[4]
Thermal expansionβ-Ce: 6.1×10−6/K
γ-Ce: 6.1×10−6/K (at 20 °C)[4]
Thermal conductivity11.3 W/(m⋅K)
Electrical resistivityβ-Ce, poly: 828 nΩ⋅m (at r.t.)
Magnetic orderingparamagnetic[5]
Molar magnetic susceptibilityβ-Ce: +2450.0×10−6 cm3/mol (293 K)[6]
Young's modulusγ-Ce: 33.6 GPa
Shear modulusγ-Ce: 13.5 GPa
Bulk modulusγ-Ce: 21.5 GPa
Speed of sound thin rod2100 m/s (at 20 °C)
Poisson ratioγ-Ce: 0.24
Mohs hardness2.5
Vickers hardness210–470 MPa
Brinell hardness186–412 MPa
CAS Number7440-45-1
History
Namingafter dwarf planet Ceres, itself named after Roman deity of agriculture Ceres
DiscoveryMartin Heinrich Klaproth, Jöns Jakob Berzelius, Wilhelm Hisinger (1803)
First isolationCarl Gustaf Mosander (1838)
Isotopes of cerium
Main isotopes[7]Decay
abun­dancehalf-life (t1/2)modepro­duct
134Cesynth3.16 dε134La
136Ce0.186%stable
138Ce0.251%stable
139Cesynth137.640 dε139La
140Ce88.4%stable
141Cesynth32.501 dβ141Pr
142Ce11.1%stable
143Cesynth33.039 hβ143Pr
144Cesynth284.893 dβ144Pr
 Category: Cerium
| references
Ce · Cerium
La ←

ibox La

iso
58
Ce  [e]
IB-Ce [e]
IBisos [e]
→ Pr

ibox Pr

indexes by PT (page)
child table, as reused in {IB-Ce}
Main isotopes of cerium
Main isotopes[7]Decay
abun­dancehalf-life (t1/2)modepro­duct
134Cesynth3.16 dε134La
136Ce0.186%stable
138Ce0.251%stable
139Cesynth137.640 dε139La
140Ce88.4%stable
141Cesynth32.501 dβ141Pr
142Ce11.1%stable
143Cesynth33.039 hβ143Pr
144Cesynth284.893 dβ144Pr
Data sets read by {{Infobox element}}
Name and identifiers
Symbol etymology (11 non-trivial)
Top image (caption, alt)
Pronunciation
Allotropes (overview)
Group (overview)
Period (overview)
Block (overview)
Natural occurrence
Phase at STP
Oxidation states
Spectral lines image
Electron configuration (cmt, ref)
Isotopes
Standard atomic weight
  most stable isotope
Wikidata
Wikidata *
* Not used in {{Infobox element}} (2023-01-01)
See also {{Index of data sets}} · Cat:data sets (45) · (this table: )

References

  1. ^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Cerium". CIAAW. 1995.
  2. ^ Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.
  3. ^ Ground levels and ionization energies for the neutral atoms, NIST
  4. ^ a b c d Arblaster, John W. (2018). Selected Values of the Crystallographic Properties of Elements. Materials Park, Ohio: ASM International. ISBN 978-1-62708-155-9.
  5. ^ Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.
  6. ^ Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.
  7. ^ a b Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.