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Stoke-upon-Trent (UK Parliament constituency)

Stoke-upon-Trent was a parliamentary borough in Staffordshire, which elected two Members of Parliament (MPs) to the House of Commons from 1832 until 1885, and then one member from 1885 until 1918, when the borough was enlarged, renamed Stoke-on-Trent, and split into three single-member constituencies.

Stoke-upon-Trent
Former Borough constituency
for the House of Commons
1832–1918
Seatstwo (1832–1885); one (1885–1918)
Replaced byStoke-on-Trent, Stoke; Stoke-on-Trent, Hanley; Stoke-on-Trent, Burslem

History

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Stoke-upon-Trent was established as a borough by the Great Reform Act of 1832 to represent the Staffordshire Potteries, one of the most populous urban areas in England which had previously had no separate representation. The provisional contents, confirmed by the Parliamentary Boundaries Act 1832, formed a contiguous area comprising the townships of Tunstall, Burslem, Hanley, Shelton, Penkhull with Boothen (containing the town of Stoke-upon-Trent), Lane End, Longton, Fenton Vivian, and Fenton Culvert; hamlet of Sneyd; and vill of Rushton. At the time of the Reform Act the area had a population just over 50,000 (of whom 37,220 were in Stoke parish).[citation needed] In 1867 the boundaries were extended somewhat, to bring in a part of Burslem which had previously been excluded.[citation needed]

In further boundary changes implemented at the 1885 general election, the borough was split into two single-member constituencies, the northern part becoming a separate Hanley borough while the southern part (containing Longton and Fenton as well as Stoke itself) retained the Stoke-upon-Trent name; the new constituency had a population just under 100,000 by the time of the First World War. The industrial interests predominated, with the bulk of the voters being pottery workers or miners, although Stoke was a partly middle-class town; at first an apparently safe Liberal seat, it fell narrowly to the Unionists in both 1895 and 1900, perhaps partly because of discord between miners and potters within the local Liberal party. From 1906 it was held by John Ward as a Lib-Lab MP hostile to the Labour Party, who being from the Navvies' Union could defuse the mutual jealousies of the potters and miners.

By 1918, the pottery towns had been united for municipal purposes in a single Stoke-on-Trent county borough, and the parliamentary boundary changes which came into effect at that year's general election established a parliamentary borough of the same name to replace Stoke-upon-Trent and Hanley, divided into three constituencies: Stoke-on-Trent, Stoke; Stoke-on-Trent, Hanley; and Stoke-on-Trent, Burslem.

Members of Parliament

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1832–1885

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YearFirst memberFirst partySecond memberSecond party
1832Josiah Wedgwood IIWhig[1]John DavenportTory[1]
1834Conservative[1]
1835Richard Edensor HeathcoteWhig[1]
1836Hon. George AnsonWhig[1][2][3][4]
1837William Taylor CopelandConservative[1]
1841John Lewis RicardoWhig[1][5][6]
1852Hon. Frederick Leveson-GowerWhig[7]
1857William Taylor CopelandConservative
1859Liberal
1862Henry GrenfellLiberal
1865Alexander Beresford HopeConservative
February 1868George MellyLiberal
November 1868William Sargeant RodenLiberal
1874Robert HeathConservative
1875Edward KenealyIndependent
1880William WoodallLiberalHenry BroadhurstLiberal-Labour
1885constituency divided into single-member constituencies, see also Hanley

1885–1918

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YearMemberWhip
1885William Leatham BrightLiberal
1890George Leveson-GowerLiberal
1895Douglas CoghillLiberal Unionist
1900Conservative
1906John WardLiberal
1918constituency abolished

Election results

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Elections in the 1830s

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General election 1832: Stoke-upon-Trent (2 seats)[1][8]
PartyCandidateVotes%
WhigJosiah Wedgwood 822 36.0
ToryJohn Davenport 625 27.4
WhigRichard Edensor Heathcote58825.8
RadicalGeorge Miles Mason24710.8
Turnout1,24592.3
Registered electors1,349
Majority1978.6
Whig win (new seat)
Majority371.6
Tory win (new seat)
General election 1835: Stoke-upon-Trent (2 seats)[1][8]
PartyCandidateVotes%
ConservativeJohn DavenportUnopposed
WhigRichard Edensor HeathcoteUnopposed
Registered electors1,266
Conservative hold
Whig hold

Heathcote resigned, causing a by-election.

By-election, 15 February 1836: Stoke-upon-Trent[1][8]
PartyCandidateVotes%
WhigGeorge AnsonUnopposed
Whig hold
General election 1837: Stoke-upon-Trent (2 seats)[1][8][9]
PartyCandidateVotes%
ConservativeWilliam Taylor Copeland 683 29.8
ConservativeJohn Davenport 670 29.2
RadicalMatthew Bridges47220.6
WhigFrancis Brinsley Sheridan46920.4
Majority1988.6
Turnout1,16178.7
Registered electors1,475
Conservative hold
Conservative gain from Whig

Elections in the 1840s

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General election 1841: Stoke-upon-Trent (2 seats)[1][8]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
WhigJohn Lewis Ricardo 870 44.3 +23.9
ConservativeWilliam Taylor Copeland 606 30.9 +1.1
ConservativeFrederick Dudley Ryder[10]48624.8−4.4
Majority38419.5N/A
Turnout981 (est)58.3 (est)c. −20.4
Registered electors1,682
Whig gain from ConservativeSwing+13.6
Conservative holdSwing−5.4
General election 1847: Stoke-upon-Trent (2 seats)[8]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
WhigJohn Lewis Ricardo 954 44.2 −0.1
ConservativeWilliam Taylor Copeland 819 38.0 +7.1
WhigThomas Piers Healey[11]38417.8N/A
Turnout1,079 (est)63.6 (est)+5.3
Registered electors1,695
Majority1356.2−7.2
Whig holdSwing−3.6
Majority43520.2
Conservative holdSwing+3.6

Elections in the 1850s

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General election 1852: Stoke-upon-Trent (2 seats)[8]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
WhigJohn Lewis Ricardo 921 36.3 −7.9
WhigFrederick Leveson-Gower 848 33.4 +15.6
ConservativeWilliam Taylor Copeland76930.3−7.7
Majority793.1N/A
Turnout1,654 (est)93.0 (est)+29.4
Registered electors3,189
Whig holdSwing−2.0
Whig gain from ConservativeSwing+9.7
General election 1857: Stoke-upon-Trent (2 seats)[8]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
ConservativeWilliam Taylor Copeland 1,261 44.3 +14.0
WhigJohn Lewis Ricardo 822 28.9 −7.4
WhigFrederick Leveson-Gower76426.8−6.6
Majority49717.5N/A
Turnout2,054 (est)97.1 (est)+4.1
Registered electors2,115
Conservative gain from WhigSwing+14.0
Whig holdSwing−7.2
General election 1859: Stoke-upon-Trent (2 seats)[8]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
LiberalJohn Lewis Ricardo 1,258 43.4 +14.5
ConservativeWilliam Taylor Copeland 1,074 37.0 −7.3
LiberalSamuel Pope[12][13]56919.6−7.2
Turnout1,988 (est)89.5 (est)−7.6
Registered electors2,221
Majority1846.4
Liberal holdSwing+9.1
Majority50517.4-0.1
Conservative holdSwing−7.3

Elections in the 1860s

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Ricardo's death caused a by-election.

By-election, 23 September 1862: Stoke-upon-Trent[8]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
LiberalHenry Grenfell 1,089 53.4 +10.0
ConservativeAlexander Beresford Hope91845.0+8.0
LiberalGeorge Melly321.6−18.0
Majority1718.4+2.0
Turnout2,03982.9−6.6
Registered electors2,461
Liberal holdSwing+3.0
General election 1865: Stoke-upon-Trent (2 seats)[8]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
ConservativeAlexander Beresford Hope 1,463 35.6 −1.4
LiberalHenry Grenfell 1,373 33.4 −10.0
LiberalGeorge Melly1,27731.0+11.4
Majority902.2−15.2
Turnout2,788 (est)87.4 (est)−2.1
Registered electors3,189
Conservative holdSwing−1.4
Liberal holdSwing−4.3

Beresford Hope resigned in order to contest a by-election at Cambridge University, causing a by-election.

By-election, 20 February 1868: Stoke-upon-Trent[8]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
LiberalGeorge Melly 1,489 51.2 −13.2
ConservativeColin Minton Campbell[14]1,42048.8+13.2
Majority692.4N/A
Turnout2,90991.2+3.8
Registered electors3,189
Liberal gain from ConservativeSwing−13.2
General election 1868: Stoke-upon-Trent (2 seats)[8]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
LiberalGeorge MellyUnopposed
LiberalWilliam Sargeant RodenUnopposed
Registered electors16,199
Liberal hold
Liberal gain from Conservative

Elections in the 1870s

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General election 1874: Stoke-upon-Trent (2 seats)[8]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
LiberalGeorge Melly 6,700 28.6 N/A
ConservativeRobert Heath 6,180 26.4 New
LiberalWilliam Sargeant Roden5,36922.9N/A
Lib-LabAlfred Walton[15]5,19822.2N/A
Turnout17,413 (est)91.0 (est)N/A
Registered electors19,129
Majority5202.2N/A
Liberal holdSwingN/A
Majority8113.5N/A
Conservative gain from LiberalSwingN/A

Melly resigned, causing a by-election.

By-election, 18 Feb 1875: Stoke-upon-Trent (1 seat)[8]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
IndependentEdward Kenealy 6,110 43.1 New
Lib-LabAlfred Walton[15]4,16829.4+7.2
ConservativeHarry Davenport3,90127.5+1.1
Majority1,94213.7N/A
Turnout14,17972.5−18.5
Registered electors19,548
Independent gain from LiberalSwing

Elections in the 1880s

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General election 1880: Stoke-upon-Trent (2 seats)[8]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
LiberalWilliam Woodall 12,130 40.8 −10.7
Lib-LabHenry Broadhurst 11,379 38.3 +16.1
ConservativeRobert Heath[16]5,12617.2−9.2
IndependentEdward Kenealy1,0913.7N/A
Majority6,25321.1N/A
Turnout14,863 (est)74.4 (est)−16.6
Registered electors19,976
Liberal holdSwing−7.2
Lib-Lab gain from ConservativeSwing+12.7
General election 1885: Stoke-upon-Trent [17][18][19]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
LiberalWilliam Leatham Bright 4,790 63.1 −16.0
ConservativeHaden Corser2,80036.9+19.7
Majority1,99026.2+5.1
Turnout7,59082.4+8.0 (est)
Registered electors9,213
Liberal holdSwing−17.9
General election 1886: Stoke-upon-Trent [17][18]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
LiberalWilliam Leatham Bright 3,255 60.9 -2.2
ConservativeHaden Corser2,09339.1+2.2
Majority1,16221.8-4.4
Turnout5,34858.0-24.4
Registered electors9,213
Liberal holdSwing-2.2

Elections in the 1890s

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By-election 14 Mar 1890: Stoke-upon-Trent [18][20]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
LiberalGeorge Leveson-Gower 4,157 58.7 −2.2
Liberal UnionistWilliam Shepherd Allen2,92641.3+2.2
Majority1,23117.4−4.4
Turnout7,08373.4+15.4
Registered electors9,649
Liberal holdSwing−2.2
  • Caused by Bright's resignation.
General election 1892: Stoke-upon-Trent [18][20]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
LiberalGeorge Leveson-Gower 4,629 61.9 +1.0
ConservativeS Waters2,84638.1−1.0
Majority1,78323.8+2.0
Turnout7,47572.0+14.0
Registered electors10,380
Liberal holdSwing+1.0

Leveson-Gower was appointed Comptroller of the Household, requiring a by-election.

By-election 25 Aug 1892: Stoke-upon-Trent[20]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
LiberalGeorge Leveson-GowerUnopposed
Liberal hold
Coghill
General election 1895: Stoke-upon-Trent [18][20][21]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Liberal UnionistDouglas Coghill 4,396 51.2 +13.1
LiberalGeorge Leveson-Gower4,19648.8−13.1
Majority2002.4N/A
Turnout8,59277.4+5.4
Registered electors11,107
Liberal Unionist gain from LiberalSwing+13.1

Elections in the 1900s

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Godfrey Baring
General election 1900: Stoke-upon-Trent [18][20][21]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
ConservativeDouglas Coghill 4,932 51.0 −0.2
LiberalGodfrey Baring4,73249.0+0.2
Majority2002.0−0.4
Turnout9,66473.9−3.5
Registered electors13,074
Conservative holdSwing−0.2
John Ward
General election 1906: Stoke-upon-Trent [18][20]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Lib-LabJohn Ward 7,660 64.1 +15.1
ConservativeDouglas Coghill4,28835.9−15.1
Majority3,37228.2N/A
Turnout11,94884.8+10.9
Registered electors14,091
Lib-Lab gain from ConservativeSwing+15.1

Elections in the 1910s

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Ward
General election January 1910: Stoke-upon-Trent [20][22]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Lib-LabJohn Ward 7,688 57.4 −6.7
ConservativeDavid Hope Kid5,69742.6+6.7
Majority1,99114.8−13.4
Turnout13,38588.8+4.0
Registered electors15,079
Lib-Lab holdSwing−6.7
General election December 1910: Stoke-upon-Trent [22]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Lib-LabJohn Ward 7,049 58.2 +0.8
ConservativeSamuel Joyce Thomas5,06241.8−0.8
Majority1,98716.4+1.6
Turnout12,11180.3−8.5
Registered electors15,079
Lib-Lab holdSwing+0.8

General Election 1914–15:

Another General Election was required to take place before the end of 1915. The political parties had been making preparations for an election to take place and by July 1914, the following candidates had been selected;

References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Stooks Smith, Henry (1845). The Parliaments of England, from 1st George I., to the Present Time. Vol II: Oxfordshire to Wales Inclusive. London: Simpkin, Marshall, & Co. pp. 47–48. Retrieved 12 December 2018 – via Google Books.
  2. ^ "The Elections". Morning Post. 4 July 1837. p. 5. Retrieved 15 August 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  3. ^ "General Election". Morning Post. 28 June 1841. pp. 5–6. Retrieved 15 August 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  4. ^ Dod, Charles Roger; Dod, Robert Phipps (1847). Dod's Parliamentary Companion, Volume 15. Dod's Parliamentary Companion. p. 122. Retrieved 15 August 2018 – via Google Books.
  5. ^ "Elections Decided". Manchester Courier and Lancashire General Advertiser. 10 July 1841. p. 6. Retrieved 14 July 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  6. ^ "The Elections". Northern Star and Leeds Advertiser. 3 July 1841. p. 20. Retrieved 14 July 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  7. ^ "The Land and the Charter". Northern Star and Leeds General Advertiser. 10 July 1847. p. 19. Retrieved 14 July 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Craig, F. W. S., ed. (1977). British Parliamentary Election Results 1832-1885 (1st ed.). London: Macmillan Press. ISBN 978-1-349-02349-3.
  9. ^ "Election Intelligence". Liverpool Mercury. 28 July 1837. p. 2. Retrieved 26 April 2020 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  10. ^ "London Evening Standard". 5 July 1841. pp. 1–2. Retrieved 12 December 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  11. ^ "Staffordshire Advertiser". 31 July 1847. p. 9. Retrieved 12 December 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  12. ^ "The Nominations". Morning Post. 30 April 1859. pp. 6–7. Retrieved 14 July 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  13. ^ Bedwell, C. E. A. (1912). "Pope, Samuel" . In Lee, Sidney (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography (2nd supplement). London: Smith, Elder & Co.
  14. ^ "Stoke-upon-Trent". Bristol Times and Mirror. 12 February 1868. p. 2. Retrieved 18 March 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  15. ^ a b "Mr. A. A. Walton". Staffordshire Sentinel. 1 February 1875. p. 4. Retrieved 21 January 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  16. ^ "Polling to-day: Stoke-on-Trent". Yorkshire Post and Leeds Intelligencer. 31 March 1880. p. 6. Retrieved 12 December 2017 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  17. ^ a b Craig, F. W. S., ed. (1974). British Parliamentary Election Results: 1885-1918. London: Macmillan Press. p. 196. ISBN 9781349022984.
  18. ^ a b c d e f g The Liberal Year Book, 1907
  19. ^ Debrett's House of Commons & Judicial Bench, 1886
  20. ^ a b c d e f g Craig, FWS, ed. (1974). British Parliamentary Election Results: 1885-1918. London: Macmillan Press. ISBN 9781349022984.
  21. ^ a b Debrett's House of Commons & Judicial Bench, 1901
  22. ^ a b Debrett's House of Commons & Judicial Bench, 1916

Further reading

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  • The Constitutional Year Book for 1913 (London: National Union of Conservative and Unionist Associations, 1913)
  • F W S Craig, "British Parliamentary Election Results 1832-1885" (2nd edition, Aldershot: Parliamentary Research Services, 1989)
  • Michael Kinnear, The British Voter (London: BH Batsford, Ltd, 1968)
  • Henry Pelling, Social Geography of British Elections 1885-1910 (London: Macmillan, 1967)
  • J Holladay Philbin, Parliamentary Representation 1832 - England and Wales (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1965)
  • Frederic A Youngs, jr, Guide to the Local Administrative Units of England, Vol II (London: Royal Historical Society, 1991)
  • Leigh Rayment's Historical List of MPs – Constituencies beginning with "S" (part 5)
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