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List of Dáil by-elections

This is a list of by-elections to Dáil Éireann, the house of representatives of the Oireachtas, the Irish legislature. By-elections in Ireland occur to fill vacant seats which can be caused by the death, resignation, disqualification or expulsion of a sitting Teachta Dála (member of parliament). Under the Electoral (Amendment) Act 2011, the writ for the by-election must be issued within six months of the vacancy.[1]

There have been 138 by-elections since 1923, to fill 140 vacancies. 93 of these were caused by the death of a sitting Teachta Dála (TD). There were no by-elections during the 3rd, 7th, 9th, 11th, 22nd, 25th and 26th Dála. The longest period without a by-election was almost 10 years between 1984 and 1994. The largest number of by-elections on one day was on 11 March 1925, when seven constituencies filled nine vacancies caused by the National Party's split from Cumann na nGaedheal. Those seven by-elections included two which filled two vacancies, via the single transferable vote. All the other by-elections have used its single-winner analogue, the alternative vote.

Twenty-five TDs who were elected at a by-election were not subsequently re-elected at a general election. The only person twice elected at by-elections was Thomas Hennessy.

First and Second Dáil edit

The First Dáil was established by Sinn Féin members returned in the 1918 election to the House of Commons of the United Kingdom. Convention in the Commons was that the writ for a by-election be moved by a party colleague of the vacating member, which was impossible for the abstentionist Sinn Féin. There were three by-elections held for Westminster constituencies vacated by Unionist members during the lifetime of the First Dáil, all of whom took their seats in Westminster.

WinnerPartyConstituencyDateOutgoingPartyReason for vacancyNotes
Hugh T. BarrieUNorth Londonderry4 March 1919Hugh AndersonUResignationThis was the only by-election contested by Sinn Féin, Patrick McGilligan losing.[2]
George HannaInd UEast Antrim27 May 1919Robert McCalmontUAppointed commander of the Irish Guards
William JellettUDublin University28 July 1919Arthur SamuelsUAppointed to the High Court of Justice in Ireland

The Second Dáil comprised those returned in the 1921 elections to the House of Commons of Southern Ireland and the House of Commons of Northern Ireland. There were no by-elections to either body during the lifetime of the Second Dáil.

By-elections since 1923 edit

By-elections in which seats changed parties are indicated with a grey background.

DáilConstituencyVacancyBy-election
OutgoingPartyCauseDateWinnerParty

4thDublin SouthMichael HayesCnaGElected for two constituencies; chose to represent the National University[3]27 October 1923Hugh Kennedy[a]CnaG
4thNational UniversityEoin MacNeillCnaGElected for two constituencies; chose to represent Clare.[4]3 November 1923Patrick McGilliganCnaG
4thDublin SouthPhilip CosgraveCnaGDeath12 March 1924James O'Mara[a]CnaG
4thDublin CountyMichael DerhamCnaGDeath19 March 1924Batt O'ConnorCnaG
4thLimerickRichard HayesCnaGResignation28 May 1924Richard O'ConnellCnaG
4thCork EastThomas O'MahonyCnaGDeath18 November 1924Michael Noonan[a]CnaG
4thDublin SouthHugh KennedyCnaGIncompatible office: appointed as Chief Justice18 November 1924Seán LemassRep
4thMayo NorthHenry CoyleCnaGDisqualification18 November 1924John MaddenRep
4thCork BoroughAlfred O'RahillyCnaGResignation19 November 1924Michael EganCnaG
4thDonegalPeter J. WardCnaGResignation20 November 1924Denis McCullough[a]CnaG
4thCarlow–KilkennySeán GibbonsCnaGResignation11 March 1925Thomas Bolger[a]CnaG
4thCavanSeán MilroyCnaGResignation11 March 1925John Joe O'ReillyCnaG
4thDublin North[b]Francis CahillCnaGResignation11 March 1925Patrick LeonardCnaG
4thDublin North[b]Seán McGarryCnaGResignation11 March 1925Oscar TraynorRep
4thDublin SouthDaniel McCarthyCnaGResignation11 March 1925Thomas HennessyCnaG
4thLeitrim–Sligo[b]Thomas CarterCnaGResignation11 March 1925Samuel HoltRep
4thLeitrim–Sligo[b]Alexander McCabeCnaGResignation11 March 1925Martin RoddyCnaG
4thMayo NorthJoseph McGrathCnaGResignation11 March 1925Michael TierneyCnaG
4thRoscommonHenry FinlayCnaGResignation11 March 1925Martin ConlonCnaG
4thDublin CountyDarrell FiggisIndDeath18 February 1926William NortonLab
4thLeix–OffalySeán McGuinnessRepDisqualification18 February 1926James DwyerCnaG

5thDublin CountyKevin O'HigginsCnaGDeath (assassination)24 August 1927Gearóid O'SullivanCnaG
5thDublin SouthConstance MarkieviczFFDeath24 August 1927Thomas HennessyCnaG

6thCarlow–KilkennyW. T. CosgraveCnaGElected for two constituencies; chose to represent Cork Borough[5]3 November 1927Denis GoreyCnaG
6thDublin NorthJames LarkinIWLDisqualification due to bankruptcy3 April 1928Vincent RiceCnaG
6thDublin NorthAlfie ByrneIndIncompatible office: elected to Seanad Éireann14 March 1929Thomas F. O'HigginsCnaG
6thLeitrim–SligoSamuel HoltFFDeath7 June 1929Seán Mac EoinCnaG
6thLongford–WestmeathJames KillaneFFDeath13 June 1930James GeogheganFF
6thDublin CountyBryan CooperCnaGDeath9 December 1930Thomas FinlayCnaG
6thKildareHugh ColohanLabDeath29 June 1931Thomas HarrisFF

8thDublin UniversityJames CraigIndDeath13 October 1933Robert Rowlette[a]Ind
8thDublin CountyBatt O'ConnorFGDeath17 June 1935Cecil LaveryFG
8thGalwayMartin McDonoghFGDeath19 June 1935Eamon CorbettFF
8thGalwayPatrick HoganFGDeath13 August 1936Martin Neilan[a]FF
8thWexfordOsmond EsmondeFGDeath17 August 1936Denis AllenFF

10thDublin SouthJames BeckettFGDeath6 June 1939John McCannFF
10thGalway WestSeán TubridyFFDeath30 May 1940John J. Keane[a]FF

12thKerry SouthFionán LynchFGIncompatible office: appointed as a Judge10 November 1944Donal O'Donoghue[a]FF
12thClarePatrick BurkeFGDeath4 December 1945Patrick Shanahan[a]FF
12thDublin North-WestSeán T. O'KellyFFIncompatible office: elected as President4 December 1945Vivion de ValeraFF
12thKerry SouthFrederick CrowleyFFDeath4 December 1945Honor CrowleyFF
12thMayo SouthMicheál CleryFFIncompatible office: appointed as County Registrar of Dublin4 December 1945Bernard CommonsCnaT
12thWexfordRichard CorishLabDeath4 December 1945Brendan CorishLab
12thCork BoroughWilliam DwyerIndResignation14 June 1946Patrick McGrathFF
12thDublin CountyPatrick FogartyFFDeath29 October 1947Seán MacBrideCnaP
12thTipperaryWilliam O'DonnellCnaTDeath29 October 1947Patrick KinaneCnaP
12thWaterfordMichael MorrisseyFFDeath29 October 1947John OrmondeFF

13thDonegal EastNeal BlaneyFFDeath7 December 1948Neil BlaneyFF
13thCork WestTimothy J. MurphyLabDeath15 June 1949William J. Murphy[a]Lab
13thDonegal WestBrian BradyFFDeath16 November 1949Patrick O'DonnellFG

14thLimerick EastDaniel BourkeFFDeath26 June 1952John CarewFG
14thMayo NorthP. J. RuttledgeFFDeath26 June 1952Phelim CallearyFF
14thWaterfordBridget RedmondFGDeath26 June 1952William KenneallyFF
14thDublin North-WestA. P. ByrneIndDeath12 November 1952Thomas ByrneInd
14thCork EastSeán KeaneLabDeath18 June 1953Richard BarryFG
14thWicklowThomas BrennanFFDeath18 June 1953Mark DeeringFG
14thGalway SouthFrank FahyFFDeath21 August 1953Robert LahiffeFF
14thCork BoroughThomas F. O'HigginsFGDeath3 March 1954Stephen BarrettFG
14thLouthJames CoburnFGDeath3 March 1954George CoburnFG

15thLimerick WestDavid MaddenFGDeath13 December 1955Michael ColbertFF
15thKerry NorthJohnny ConnorCnaPDeath29 February 1956Kathleen O'Connor[a]CnaP
15thDublin North-EastAlfie ByrneIndDeath30 April 1956Patrick ByrneInd
15thLeix–OffalyWilliam DavinLabDeath30 April 1956Kieran EganFF
15thCork BoroughPatrick McGrathFFDeath2 August 1956John GalvinFF
15thCarlow–KilkennyThomas WalshFFDeath14 November 1956Martin MedlarFF
15thDublin South-WestPeadar DoyleFGDeath14 November 1956Noel LemassFF

16thDublin North-CentralColm GallagherFFDeath14 November 1957Frank SherwinInd
16thGalway SouthPatrick BeeganFFDeath30 May 1958Anthony MillarFF
16thDublin South-CentralJack MurphyIndResignation25 June 1958Patrick CumminsFF
16thClareÉamon de ValeraFFIncompatible office: elected as President22 July 1959Seán Ó CeallaighFF
16thDublin South-WestBernard ButlerFFDeath22 July 1959Richie RyanFG
16thMeathJames GriffinFFDeath22 July 1959Henry Johnston[a]FF
16thCarlow–KilkennyJoseph HughesFGDeath23 June 1960Patrick Teehan[a]FF
16thSligo–LeitrimStephen FlynnFFDeath1 March 1961Joseph McLoughlinFG

17thDublin North-EastJack BeltonFGDeath30 May 1963Paddy BeltonFG
17thCork BoroughJohn GalvinFFDeath19 February 1964Sheila Galvin[a]FF
17thKildareWilliam NortonLabDeath19 February 1964Terence BoylanFF
17thRoscommonJames BurkeFGDeath8 July 1964Joan BurkeFG
17thGalway EastMichael DonnellanCnaTDeath3 December 1964John DonnellanFG
17thCork MidDan DesmondLabDeath10 March 1965Eileen DesmondLab

18thKerry SouthHonor CrowleyFFDeath7 December 1966John O'LearyFF
18thWaterfordThaddeus LynchFGDeath7 December 1966Fad BrowneFF
18thCork BoroughSeán CaseyLabDeath9 November 1967Seán FrenchFF
18thLimerick WestJames CollinsFFDeath9 November 1967Gerry CollinsFF
18thClareWilliam MurphyFGDeath14 March 1968Sylvester BarrettFF
18thWicklowJames EverettLabDeath14 March 1968Godfrey TimminsFG
18thLimerick EastDonogh O'MalleyFFDeath22 May 1968Desmond O'MalleyFF

19thDublin South-WestSeán DunneLabDeath4 March 1970Seán Sherwin[a]FF
19thKildareGerard SweetmanFGDeath14 April 1970Patrick MaloneFG
19thLongford–WestmeathPatrick LenihanFFDeath14 April 1970Patrick CooneyFG
19thDonegal–LeitrimPatrick O'DonnellFGDeath2 December 1970Patrick Delap[a]FF
19thDublin County SouthKevin BolandFFResignation2 December 1970Larry McMahonFG
19thCork MidPaddy FordeFFDeath2 August 1972Gene FitzgeraldFF

20thMonaghanErskine H. ChildersFFIncompatible office: elected as President27 November 1973Brendan Toal[a]FG
20thCork North-EastLiam AhernFFDeath13 November 1974Seán BrosnanFF
20thGalway North-EastMichael F. KittFFDeath4 March 1975Michael P. KittFF
20thGalway WestJohnny GeogheganFFDeath4 March 1975Máire Geoghegan-QuinnFF
20thMayo WestHenry KennyFGDeath12 November 1975Enda KennyFG
20thDonegal North-EastLiam CunninghamFFDeath10 June 1976Paddy Keaveney[a]IFF
20thDublin South-WestNoel LemassFFDeath10 June 1976Brendan Halligan[a]Lab

21stCork CityPatrick KerriganLabDeath7 November 1979Liam BurkeFG
21stCork North-EastSeán BrosnanFFDeath7 November 1979Myra BarryFG
21stDonegalJoseph BrennanFFDeath6 November 1980Clement CoughlanFF

23rdDublin WestRichard BurkeFGResignation25 May 1982Liam SkellyFG
23rdGalway EastJohnny CallananFFDeath20 July 1982Noel TreacyFF

24thDonegal South-WestClement CoughlanFFDeath13 May 1983Cathal Coughlan[a]FF
24thDublin CentralGeorge ColleyFFDeath23 November 1983Tom LeonardFF
24thLaois–OffalyBernard CowenFFDeath14 June 1984Brian CowenFF

27thDublin South-CentralJohn O'ConnellFFResignation9 June 1994Eric ByrneDL
27thMayo WestPádraig FlynnFFResignation9 June 1994Michael RingFG
27thCork North-CentralGerry O'SullivanLabDeath10 November 1994Kathleen LynchDL
27thCork South-CentralPat CoxIndResignation10 November 1994Hugh CoveneyFG
27thWicklowJohnny FoxIndDeath29 June 1995Mildred FoxInd
27thDonegal North-EastNeil BlaneyIFFDeath2 April 1996Cecilia KeaveneyFF
27thDublin WestBrian Lenihan SnrFFDeath2 April 1996Brian Lenihan JnrFF

28thLimerick EastJim KemmyLabDeath11 March 1998Jan O'SullivanLab
28thDublin NorthRay BurkeFFResignation11 March 1998Seán RyanLab
28thCork South-CentralHugh CoveneyFGDeath23 October 1998Simon CoveneyFG
28thDublin South-CentralPat UptonLabDeath27 October 1999Mary UptonLab
28thTipperary SouthMichael FerrisLabDeath22 June 2000Séamus HealyInd
28thTipperary SouthTheresa AhearnFGDeath30 June 2001Tom HayesFG

29thKildare NorthCharlie McCreevyFFResignation11 March 2005Catherine MurphyInd
29thMeathJohn BrutonFGResignation11 March 2005Shane McEnteeFG

30thDublin SouthSéamus BrennanFFDeath5 June 2009George Lee[a]FG
30thDublin CentralTony GregoryIndDeath5 June 2009Maureen O'SullivanInd
30thDonegal South-WestPat "the Cope" GallagherFFIncompatible office: elected to the European Parliament25 November 2010Pearse DohertySF
31stDublin WestBrian Lenihan JnrFFDeath27 October 2011Patrick Nulty[a]Lab
31stMeath EastShane McEnteeFGDeath27 March 2013Helen McEnteeFG
31stDublin WestPatrick NultyIndResignation23 May 2014Ruth CoppingerSP
31stLongford–WestmeathNicky McFaddenFGDeath23 May 2014Gabrielle McFadden[a]FG
31stDublin South-WestBrian HayesFGIncompatible office: elected to the European Parliament10 October 2014Paul MurphyAAA
31stRoscommon–South LeitrimLuke 'Ming' FlanaganIndIncompatible office: elected to the European Parliament10 October 2014Michael FitzmauriceInd
31stCarlow–KilkennyPhil HoganFGResignation22 May 2015Bobby AylwardFF
32ndCork North-CentralBilly KelleherFFIncompatible office: elected to the European Parliament29 November 2019Pádraig O'SullivanFF
32ndDublin FingalClare DalyI4CIncompatible office: elected to the European Parliament29 November 2019Joe O'BrienGP
32ndDublin Mid-WestFrances FitzGeraldFGIncompatible office: elected to the European Parliament29 November 2019Mark WardSF
32ndWexfordMick WallaceI4CIncompatible office: elected to the European Parliament29 November 2019Malcolm Byrne[a]FF
33rdDublin Bay SouthEoghan Murphy FGResignation8 July 2021Ivana BacikLab
  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y TDs who were never subsequently re-elected.
  2. ^ a b c d A single by-election to fill two vacancies in the same constituency.

Vacancies not filled edit

When Pierce McCan died on 6 March 1919, his East Tipperary seat was left vacant at Westminster. In April 1919 a Dáil committee considering how to fill the vacancy considered allowing nomination by the Labour Party (which had stood aside in the 1918 election to avoid splitting the nationalist vote)[6] before recommending that the Sinn Féin constituency organisation should nominate.[7] However, in June 1919 the Dáil decided that "it was due to the memory of the late Pierce McCann that his place should not be filled at present".[8] Later vacancies were also left unfilled; when Diarmuid Lynch resigned his seat in 1920, Arthur Griffith said "as the letter of resignation was addressed to the people of South-East Cork, the next step in the matter lay with the South-East Cork Executive of Sinn Fein".[9] Asked in the Civil War about filling Third Dáil vacancies, W. T. Cosgrave as Chairman of the Provisional Government stated "the condition of the country scarcely warrants the holding of elections".[10]

In the first Dáil, four Sinn Féin TDs represented two constituencies: Éamon de Valera, Arthur Griffith, Eoin MacNeill and Liam Mellowes. Ordinarily, this would prompt them to choose one constituency to represent, and to move a writ for a by-election in the other constituency.

DáilConstituencyOutgoing TDPartyReason for vacancyDate of vacancyDate of dissolution
1stTipperary EastPierce McCanSinn FéinDeath in prison6 March 191910 May 1921
1stCork South EastDiarmuid LynchSinn FéinResignation6 August 192010 May 1921
1stCork MidTerence MacSwineySinn FéinDeath on hunger strike25 October 192010 May 1921
1stWexford NorthRoger SweetmanSinn FéinResignation[11]27 January 192110 May 1921
2ndWaterford–Tipperary EastFrank DrohanSinn FéinResignation5 January 192216 June 1922
2ndDublin CountyFrank LawlessSinn FéinDeath16 April 192216 June 1922
2ndLongford–WestmeathJoseph McGuinnessSinn FéinDeath31 May 192216 June 1922
3rdWaterford–Tipperary EastCathal BrughaSinn Féin (Anti-Treaty)Shot during the Civil War7 July 19229 August 1923
3rdMayo South–Roscommon SouthHarry BolandSinn Féin (Anti-Treaty)Shot during the Civil War1 August 19229 August 1923
3rdCavanArthur GriffithSinn Féin (Pro-Treaty)Death12 August 19229 August 1923
3rdCork Mid, North, South, South East and WestMichael CollinsSinn Féin (Pro-Treaty)Shot during the Civil War22 August 19229 August 1923
3rdSligo–Mayo EastJames DevinsSinn Féin (Anti-Treaty)Shot during the Civil War20 September 19229 August 1923
3rdMayo South–RoscommonDaniel O'RourkeSinn Féin (Pro-Treaty)Resignation29 November 19229 August 1923
3rdCork Mid, North, South, South East and WestSeán HalesSinn Féin (Pro-Treaty)Shot during the Civil War7 December 19229 August 1923
3rdClarePatrick BrennanSinn Féin (Pro-Treaty)Resignation13 December 19229 August 1923
3rdClareSeán LiddySinn Féin (Pro-Treaty)Resignation[12]18 December 19229 August 1923
3rdTipperary Mid, North and SouthJoseph MacDonaghSinn Féin (Anti-Treaty)Death on hunger strike25 December 19229 August 1923
3rdSligo–Mayo EastFrancis FerranSinn Féin (Anti-Treaty)Death in prison10 June 19239 August 1923
4thLimerickJames LeddenCumann na nGaedhealDeath[13]19 January 192723 May 1927
6thCarlow–KilkennyPeter de LoughryCumann na nGaedhealDeath[14]23 October 193116 February 1932
6thLeix–OffalyWilliam AirdCumann na nGaedhealDeath[14]31 October 193129 January 1932
7thCork EastJohn DalyCumann na nGaedhealDeath[15]23 February 19322 January 1933
7thDonegalFrank CarneyFianna FáilDeath[16]19 October 19322 January 1933
7thDublin CountyThomas FinlayCumann na nGaedhealDeath[17]22 November 19322 January 1933
8thCork WestJames BurkeFine GaelDeath[18]10 September 193614 June 1937
8thNational UniversityConor MaguireFianna FáilAppointment as High Court judge[19]3 November 193614 June 1937
9thCork WestEamon RiceFianna FáilDeath[20]7 November 193727 May 1938
10thKilkennyDenis GoreyFine GaelDeath[21]20 February 194026 June 1943
10thWicklowSéamus MooreFianna FáilDeath[22]14 June 194026 June 1943
10thCork South-EastBrook BrasierFine GaelDeath[23]31 August 194026 June 1943
10thMayo NorthJohn MunnellyFianna FáilDeath[24]18 October 194126 June 1943
10thCork BoroughThomas DowdallFianna FáilDeath[25]7 April 194226 June 1943
10thDublin SouthThomas KellyFianna FáilDeath[26]20 April 194226 June 1943
10thSligoFrank CartyFianna FáilDeath[27]10 September 194226 June 1943
10thCork BoroughHugo FlinnFianna FáilDeath[28]28 January 194326 June 1943
10thCork South-EastJeremiah HurleyLabourDeath[28]2 February 194326 June 1943
11thTipperaryMartin RyanFianna FáilDeath[29]22 July 194330 May 1944
12thCarlow–KildareJames HughesFine GaelDeath[30]1 January 194812 January 1948
12thSligoMartin RoddyFine GaelDeath[30]8 January 194812 January 1948
13thGalway WestJoseph MonganFine GaelDeath12 March 19517 May 1951
13thWexfordJohn EsmondeIndependentResignation[31]1 May 19517 May 1951
15thCarlow–KilkennyThomas DerrigFianna FáilDeath[32]19 November 195612 February 1957
16thWexfordDenis AllenFianna FáilDeath[33]29 March 196115 September 1961
16thCarlow–KilkennyFrancis HumphreysFianna FáilDeath[34]19 April 196115 September 1961
17thLongford–WestmeathMichael KennedyFianna FáilDeath[35]14 February 196518 March 1965
18thWexfordJames KennedyFianna FáilDeath[36]13 September 196822 May 1969
18thTipperary SouthDon DavernFianna FáilDeath[37]2 November 196822 May 1969
18thClarePatrick HoganLabourDeath[38]24 January 196922 May 1969
19thTipperary SouthPatrick HoganFine GaelDeath[39]5 October 19725 February 1973
19thClarePatrick HilleryFianna FáilResignation on nomination as EC Commissioner6 January 19735 February 1973
20thDublin County SouthRichard BurkeFine GaelResignation on nomination as EC Commissioner[40]25 January 197725 May 1977
20thDublin South-WestDeclan CostelloFine GaelResignation on nomination as High Court judge[41]19 May 197725 May 1977
21stTipperary NorthMichael O'KennedyFianna FáilResignation on nomination as EC Commissioner[40]27 January 198121 May 1981
22ndCavan–MonaghanKieran DohertyAnti H-BlockDeath on hunger strike[42]2 August 1981[43][44]27 January 1982
23rdGalway WestBill LoughnaneFianna FáilDeath[45]18 October 19824 November 1982
24thDonegal South-WestCathal CoughlanFianna FáilDeath[46]21 June 198621 January 1987
25thSligo–LeitrimRay MacSharryFianna FáilResignation on nomination as EC Commissioner[47]25 January 198925 May 1989
25thDublin South-CentralFrank CluskeyLabourDeath[48]7 May 198925 May 1989
30thDublin SouthGeorge LeeFine GaelResignation[49]8 February 20101 February 2011
30thWaterfordMartin CullenFianna FáilResignation[50]24 March 20101 February 2011
30thDonegal North-EastJim McDaidFianna FáilResignation[51]2 November 20101 February 2011
30thDublin South-CentralSeán ArdaghFianna FáilResignation[52]28 January 20111 February 2011
31stGalway WestBrian WalshFine GaelResignation[53]14 January 20163 February 2016
32ndCork North-CentralDara MurphyFine GaelResignation[54]3 December 201914 January 2020

TDs who died after the dissolution of the Dáil edit

Outgoing TDs who died after the dissolution of the Dáil but before the following election did not create a vacancy, as there was no Dáil in being at the time of their death.

DáilConstituencyOutgoing TDPartyDate of dissolutionDate of deathDate of general election
6thLeitrim–SligoPatrick Reynolds[55]Cumann na nGaedheal29 January 193214 February 193216 February 1932
12thKilkennyEamonn Coogan[30]Fine Gael12 January 194822 January 19484 February 1948

See also edit

References edit

  • Walker, Brian M., ed. (1992). Parliamentary election results in Ireland, 1918–92. Dublin: Royal Irish Academy. ISBN 0-901714-96-8. ISSN 0332-0286.
  • "Dáil Éireann By Elections 1923-2013". ElectionsIreland.org. Retrieved 28 September 2019.

Notes edit

  1. ^ Electoral (Amendment) Act 2011, s. 2 (No. 14 of 2011, s. 2). Enacted on 25 July 2011. Act of the Oireachtas. Retrieved from Irish Statute Book on 29 April 2021.
  2. ^ Laffan, Michael (1999). The Resurrection of Ireland: The Sinn Féin Party, 1916–1923. Cambridge University Press. p. 309. ISBN 9781139426299. Archived from the original on 25 September 2021. Retrieved 13 August 2018.
  3. ^ "Dáil Éireann debate - Wednesday, 19 Sep 1923". Archived from the original on 10 October 2019. Retrieved 19 September 2019.
  4. ^ "Dáil Éireann debate - Wednesday, 3 Oct 1923". Archived from the original on 8 November 2020. Retrieved 19 September 2019.
  5. ^ "Dáil Éireann debate - Wednesday, 12 Oct 1927". Archived from the original on 28 August 2019. Retrieved 19 September 2019.
  6. ^ Mitchell, Arthur (1995). Revolutionary Government in Ireland: Dáil Éireann, 1919-22. Gill & MacMillan. p. 24. ISBN 9780717114818.
  7. ^ "East Tipperary Vacancy". Dáil Éireann debate. Oireachtas. 17 June 1919. Archived from the original on 14 August 2018. Retrieved 18 August 2018.
  8. ^ "Report of Select Committee on East Tipperary Vacancy". Dáil Éireann debate. Oireachtas. 17 June 1919. Archived from the original on 14 August 2018. Retrieved 13 August 2018.
  9. ^ "Resignation Of Deputy For South-East Cork". Dáil Éireann debate. Oireachtas. 6 August 1920. Archived from the original on 14 August 2018. Retrieved 13 August 2018.
  10. ^ Cosgrave, W. T. (19 September 1922). "[Questions] Vacant seats in the Dáil – Dáil Éireann (3rd Dáil)". Oireachtas. Archived from the original on 14 November 2020. Retrieved 15 October 2020.
  11. ^ Sweetman, R. M. (28 January 1921). "Mr. Roger Sweetman's Position". The Irish Times. p. 4. Retrieved 10 September 2020.
  12. ^ "Dáil Éireann debate - Monday, 18 December 1922: Resignation of a Deputy". Houses of the Oireachtas. Archived from the original on 1 November 2021. Retrieved 1 November 2021.
  13. ^ "Dáil Éireann debate - Tuesday, 25 January 1927: The Late Deputy Ledden". Houses of the Oireachtas. Archived from the original on 20 February 2022. Retrieved 20 February 2022.
  14. ^ a b "Dáil Éireann debate - Wednesday, 4 November 1931: Death of Deputies - Message of Condolence". Houses of the Oireachtas. Archived from the original on 28 September 2019. Retrieved 28 September 2019.
  15. ^ "Dáil Éireann debate - Wednesday, 9 March 1932: Death of Former Members of Dáil". Houses of the Oireachtas. Archived from the original on 2 November 2019. Retrieved 11 October 2019.
  16. ^ "Dáil Éireann debate - Wednesday, 19 October 1932: Death of Deputy F. Carney". Houses of the Oireachtas. Archived from the original on 28 September 2019. Retrieved 28 September 2019.
  17. ^ "Dáil Éireann debate - Wednesday, 23 November 1932: Death of Deputy Thomas A. Carney". Houses of the Oireachtas. Archived from the original on 28 September 2019. Retrieved 28 September 2019.
  18. ^ "Dáil Éireann debate - Wednesday, 4 November 1936: Death of Deputy J.M. Burke". Houses of the Oireachtas. Archived from the original on 28 September 2019. Retrieved 28 September 2019.
  19. ^ "Attorney-General's Judicial Appointment – Dáil Éireann (8th Dáil)". Houses of the Oireachtas. 4 November 1936. Archived from the original on 10 April 2022. Retrieved 10 April 2022.
  20. ^ "Dáil Éireann debate - Wednesday, 10 November 1937: Death of Deputy Eamonn Rice". Houses of the Oireachtas. Archived from the original on 28 September 2019. Retrieved 28 September 2019.
  21. ^ "Dáil Éireann debate - Wednesday, 21 February 1940: Death of a Deputy". Houses of the Oireachtas. Archived from the original on 13 December 2021. Retrieved 13 December 2021.
  22. ^ "Dáil Éireann debate - Wednesday, 19 June 1940: Death of a Deputy". Houses of the Oireachtas. Archived from the original on 24 October 2019. Retrieved 24 October 2019.
  23. ^ "Dáil Éireann debate - Wednesday, 2 October 1940: Death of a Deputy". Houses of the Oireachtas. Archived from the original on 27 September 2019. Retrieved 28 September 2019.
  24. ^ "Dáil Éireann debate - Wednesday, 29 October 1941: Bás an Teachta Seán ó Muinghile". Houses of the Oireachtas. Archived from the original on 2 November 2019. Retrieved 3 November 2019.
  25. ^ "Dáil Éireann debate - Wednesday, 14 April 1942: Death of Deputy T.P. Dowdall". Houses of the Oireachtas. Archived from the original on 28 September 2019. Retrieved 28 September 2019.
  26. ^ "Dáil Éireann debate - Tuesday, 21 April 1942: Death of Deputy T. Kelly". Houses of the Oireachtas. Archived from the original on 28 September 2019. Retrieved 28 September 2019.
  27. ^ "Dáil Éireann debate - Wednesday, 14 October 1942: Death of a Deputy". Houses of the Oireachtas. Archived from the original on 15 April 2022. Retrieved 3 November 2021.
  28. ^ a b "Dáil Éireann debate - Wednesday, 3 February 1943: Death of Two Deputies". Houses of the Oireachtas. Retrieved 11 September 2022.
  29. ^ "Dáil Éireann debate - Wednesday, 20 October 1943: Death of a Deputy". Houses of the Oireachtas. Retrieved 12 October 2022.
  30. ^ a b c "Dáil Éireann debate - Wednesday, 18 February 1948: Deceased Deputies". Houses of the Oireachtas. Archived from the original on 5 November 2019. Retrieved 5 November 2019.
  31. ^ "Dáil Éireann debate - Tuesday, 1 May 1951: Resignation of Deputy". Houses of the Oireachtas. Archived from the original on 28 September 2019. Retrieved 28 September 2019.
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