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Imperial Household Artist

An Imperial Household Artist (帝室技芸員, Teishitsu Gigei-in) was an artist who was officially appointed by the Imperial Household Agency of Japan to create works of art for the Tokyo Imperial Palace and other imperial residences.

The Japanese Imperial crest on a cloisonné presentation vase by Namikawa Sōsuke

History

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The system came into being during the Meiji period in 1890 and was discontinued after the end of World War II.[1] From 1890 to 1944, seventy-nine individuals were appointed to the position, from both the fine and decorative arts.[2] These tended to be artists who had already had a long and distinguished career.[1] The programme was created to promote Japanese art, inspire new generations of artists, and preserve old techniques.[1]

Imperial Household Artists received 100 yen each year. They were expected to submit one example of their work on being appointed and to accept commissions from the Imperial Household Agency. Some of the works commissioned were for presentation to foreign dignitaries.[1] Many presentation wares were commissioned and then put into storage, to be gifted when the need came.[1] Often these wares would bear the Imperial crest, a sixteen-petalled chrysanthemum.[1]

In 1912, all twenty-four of the current artists were commissioned to create gifts for the Meiji Emperor to celebrate his 61st birthday. The Emperor died before the presentation could take place, so the items were placed in the Imperial Household Museum, which later became the Tokyo National Museum.[1][3]

Most pieces of work cannot be seen in public except for some in the Museum of the Imperial Collections, as well as pieces in the Kiyomizu Sannenzaka Museum (ja), the Tokyo National Museum and the Khalili Collection of Japanese Art.

Important artists are still designated and protected by the government under the system of Living National Treasures.

List of artists

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Full nameSpecialtyAppointment dateDeath date
Tazaki Sōunpainting2 October 1890[4]1 September 1898
Mori Kansaipainting2 October 1890[4]2 June 1894
Shibata Zeshinlacquerware2 October 1890[4]13 July 1891
Kanō Eitokupainting2 October 1890[4]29 January 1891
Morizumi Tsuranapainting2 October 1890[4]26 February 1892
Date Yasuketextile art2 October 1890[4]20 March 1892
Kano Natsuoengraving2 October 1890[4]3 February 1898
Hashimoto Gahōpainting2 October 1890[4]13 January 1908
Takamura Kōunsculpture2 October 1890[4]10 October 1934
Ishikawa Komeisculpture2 October 1890[4]30 July 1913
Noguchi Yukokupainting25 September 1893[5]26 June 1898
Taki Kateipainting25 September 1893[5]28 September 1901
Kōno Baireipainting25 September 1893[5]2 February 1895
Seifu Yohei IIIceramics25 September 1893[5][6]15 July 1914
Kishi Chikudōpainting30 June 1896[7]27 July 1900
Yamana Nukiyoshipainting30 June 1896[7]11 June 1902
Kawabata Gyokushōpainting30 June 1896[7]14 February 1913
Ito Heizaemonarchitecture30 June 1896[7]11 May 1913
Unno Shomingold carving30 June 1896[7]8 October 1915
Miyagawa Kozanceramics30 June 1896[7]24 May 1916
Namikawa Sōsukecloisonné30 June 1896[7]14 February 1910
Namikawa Yasuyukicloisonné30 June 1896[7]14 February 1927
Suzuki Chokichimetalwork30 June 1896[7]29 January 1919
Kawanobe Itchomaki-e30 June 1896[7]5 September 1910
Tadashi Ikedamaki-e30 June 1896[7]7 March 1903
Kawashima Jinbeitextile art9 February 1898[8]5 May 1910
Araki Kanpopainting21 July 1900[9]21 July 1915
Naohiko Kumagaipainting16 April 1904[10]8 March 1913
Mochizuki Gyokusenpainting16 April 1904[10]16 September 1913
Imao Keinenpainting16 April 1904[10]5 October 1924
Noguchi Shōhinpainting16 April 1904[10]17 February 1917
Takeuchi Kyūichisculpture4 April 1906[11]24 September 1916
Shirayama Shosailacquerware4 April 1906[11]7 August 1923
Kagawa Katsuhirogold carving4 April 1906[11]15 January 1917
Miyamoto Kanenoribladesmithing4 April 1906[11]22 October 1926
Nakai Keishocarving4 April 1906[11]30 September 1909
Gassan Sadakazubladesmithing4 April 1906[11]11 July 1918
Kishi Kokeidesign4 April 1906[11]3 May 1922
Kuroda Seikiyōga (Western-style painting)18 October 191016 July 1924
Ogawa Kazumasaphotography18 October 19107 September 1929
Takeuchi Seihōpainting18 December 1913[12]23 August 1942
Tsukada Shukyoengraving18 December 1913[12]29 December 1918
Kōgyō Terasakipainting17 June 1917[13]11 February 1919
Tomoto Koboripainting17 June 1917[13]1 October 1931
Kawai Gyokudōpainting17 June 1917[13]30 June 1958
Kanzan Shimomurapainting17 June 1917[13]10 May 1930
Tomioka Tessaipainting17 June 1917[13]3 December 1923
Yamamoto Shunkyopainting17 June 1917[13]11 July 1933
Taketarō Shinkaisculpture17 June 1917[13]12 March 1927
Ito Suzanceramics17 June 1917[13]24 September 1920
Suwa Sozanceramics17 June 1917[13]9 February 1922
Muneyuki Hiratametalwork17 June 1917[13]25 February 1920
Sasaki Iwajiroarchitecture17 June 1917[13]10 October 1936
Yokoyama Taikannihonga (Japanese-style painting)30 June 1931[14]26 January 1958
Akatsuka Jitokulacquerware1930[1]1936
Hashimoto Kansetsunihonga3 December 1934[15]26 February 1945
Yasuda Yukihikonihonga3 December 1934[15]29 April 1978
Keigetsu Kikuchinihonga3 December 1934[15]9 September 1955
Eisaku Wadayōga3 December 1934[15]3 January 1959
Fujishima Takejiyōga3 December 1934[15]19 March 1943
Okada Saburōsukeyōga3 December 1934[15]23 September 1939
Choun Yamazakisculpture3 December 1934[15]4 June 1954
Hazan Itayacrafts3 December 1934[15]10 October 1963
Hozuma Katoricrafts3 December 1934[15]31 January 1954
Nanzan Shimizucrafts3 December 1934[15]7 December 1948
Nishiyama Suishonihonga1 July 1944[16]30 March 1958
Inshō Dōmotonihonga1 July 1944[16]5 September 1975
Kiyokata Kaburaginihonga1 July 1944[16]2 March 1972
Uemura Shōennihonga1 July 1944[16]27 August 1949
Seison Maedanihonga1 July 1944[16]27 October 1977
Matsubayashi Keigetsunihonga1 July 1944[16]22 May 1963
Kokei Kobayashinihonga1 July 1944[16]3 April 1957
Komuro Suiunnihonga1 July 1944[16]30 March 1945
Kanayama Heizōyōga1 July 1944[16]15 July 1964
Hiromitsu Nakazawayōga1 July 1944[16]8 September 1964
Ryūzaburō Umeharayōga1 July 1944[16]16 January 1986
Sōtarō Yasuiyōga1 July 1944[16]14 December 1955
Minami Kunzōyōga1 July 1944[16]6 January 1950
Fumio Asakurasculpture1 July 1944[16]18 April 1964
Hirakushi Denchūsculpture1 July 1944[16]30 December 1979

References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f g h Earle 1999, pp. 348–349.
  2. ^ "Artists to the Imperial Household". www.tnm.jp. Tokyo National Museum. Retrieved 2020-05-08.
  3. ^ "140th Anniversary Thematic Exhibitions: Donated Works from Imperial Household Artists in the First Year of the Taisho Era (1912)". www.tnm.jp. Tokyo National Museum. Retrieved 2020-05-08.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Gazette" No. 2191, October 16, 1897.
  5. ^ a b c d "Gazette" No. 3076, September 28, 1868.
  6. ^ "Ambient Green Flow _ 青韻流動". Archived from the original on 2017-02-05. Retrieved 2016-09-03.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "Gazette" No. 3901, July 1, 1897.
  8. ^ "Gazette" No. 4380, February 10, 1891.
  9. ^ "Gazette" No. 5116, July 23, 1868.
  10. ^ a b c d "Gazette" No. 6236, April 18, 1897.
  11. ^ a b c d e f g "Official Gazette" No. 6826, 5 April 1906.
  12. ^ a b "Gazette" No. 419, December 19, 1912.
  13. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "Gazette" No. 1458, June 12, 1912.
  14. ^ Gazette," No. 1351, July 2, 1988.
  15. ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Gazette" No. 2378, December 4, 1934.
  16. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o “Gazette” No. 5239, July 3, 1947.

Sources

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  • Earle, Joe (1999). Splendors of Meiji : treasures of imperial Japan : masterpieces from the Khalili Collection. St. Petersburg, Fla.: Broughton International Inc. ISBN 1874780137. OCLC 42476594.


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