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Hertford (UK Parliament constituency)

Hertford was the name of a parliamentary constituency in Hertfordshire, which elected Members of Parliament (MPs) from 1298 until 1974.

Hertford
Former County constituency
for the House of Commons
CountyHertfordshire
Major settlementsHertford
1885–1974 (1974)
SeatsOne
Replaced byHertford & Stevenage
1298–1885
SeatsTwo (1298-1868), One (1868-1885)
Type of constituencyBorough constituency

History edit

The Parliamentary Borough of Hertford was represented by two MPs in the House of Commons of England from 1298 to 1707, then of the House of Commons of Great Britain from 1707 to 1800, and finally in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1801 onwards. Under the Boundaries Act of 1868, its representation was reduced to 1 MP.[1]

The Redistribution of Seats Act 1885 (which followed on from the Third Reform Act) abolished the Parliamentary Borough and it gave its name to one of four Divisions of the abolished three-member Parliamentary County of Hertfordshire, and was formally named as the Eastern or Hertford Division of Hertfordshire.

As well as the Borough of Hertford, the enlarged constituency included the towns of Ware, Bishop's Stortford and Hoddesdon. It remained largely unchanged until 1955, but was radically altered for the 1955 general election. It was abolished in 1974.

Boundaries and boundary changes edit

1885–1918 edit

  • The Borough of Hertford;
  • The Sessional Divisions of Bishop's Stortford and Cheshunt;
  • Parts of the Sessional Divisions of Hertford and Ware; and
  • In the Sessional Division of Aldbury, the parishes of Great Hadham and Little Hadham.[2]

1918–1950 edit

  • The Borough of Hertford;
  • The Urban Districts of Bishop's Stortford, Cheshunt, Hoddesdon, Sawbridgeworth, and Ware;
  • The Rural Districts of Hadham and Ware; and
  • The Rural District of Hertford parishes of Bayford, Bengeo Rural, Bengeo Urban, Bramfield, Brickendon Liberty, Brickendon Rural, Hertingfordbury, Little Amwell, Little Berkhamsted, St Andrew Rural, St John Rural, Stapleford, and Tewin.[3]

Minor changes to boundaries.

1950–1955 edit

  • The Borough of Hertford;
  • The Urban Districts of Bishop's Stortford, Cheshunt, Hoddesdon, Sawbridgeworth, and Ware;
  • The Rural District of Ware;
  • The Rural District of Braughing parishes of Albury, Braughing, Brent Pelham, Furneux Pelham, High Wych, Little Hadham, Much Hadham, Stocking Pelham, and Thorley; and
  • The Rural District of Hertford parishes of Bayford, Bengeo Rural, Bengeo Urban, Bramfield, Brickendon Liberty, Brickendon Rural, Hertingfordbury, Little Amwell, Little Berkhamsted, St Andrew Rural, St John Rural, Stapleford, and Tewin.[4]

Nominal changes only to reflect restructuring of rural districts.

1955–1974 edit

  • The Borough of Hertford;
  • The Urban District of Welwyn Garden City; and
  • The Rural Districts of Hatfield, Hertford, and Welwyn.[5]

Significant changes with only the Municipal Borough and the part of the Rural District of Hertford retained. The remainder of the constituency formed the basis of the new County Constituency of East Hertfordshire. The Urban District of Welwyn Garden City and the Rural District of Welwyn were transferred from St Albans; the Rural District of Hatfield from Barnet; and the remainder of the Rural District of Hertford from Hitchin.

The constituency was abolished in the redistribution taking effect for the February 1974 general election. The Municipal Borough and Rural District of Hertford were included in the new constituency of Hertford and Stevenage, with remaining areas forming the new constituency of Welwyn and Hatfield.

Members of Parliament edit

Hertford borough (1298-1885) edit

1298-1640 edit

ParliamentFirst memberSecond member
1376Constituency franchise lapsed
1624Constituency re-enfranchised by Parliament
1624William AshtonThomas Fanshawe
1625William AshtonThomas Fanshawe
1626Sir William HarringtonSir Capell Bedell
1628Sir Edward Howard ennobled
and replaced by Sir Charles Morrison		Sir Thomas Fanshawe
1629John Carey, Viscount RochfordSir Thomas Fanshawe
1629–1640No Parliaments summoned

1640-1868 edit

YearFirst memberFirst partySecond memberSecond party
April 1640Viscount CranborneParliamentarianSir Thomas FanshaweRoyalist
November 1640
November 1643Fanshawe disabled from sitting - seat vacant
1645William Leman
December 1648Cranborne not recorded as sitting after Pride's Purge
1653Hertford was unrepresented in the Barebones Parliament
1654Isaac PulterHertford had only one seat in the First and
Second Parliaments of the Protectorate
1656
January 1659James Cowper
May 1659Not represented in the restored Rump
April 1660Arthur SparkeJames Cowper
1661Sir Edward TurnorThomas Fanshawe
1673Sir Thomas Byde
1675Edmund Feilde
1677Sir John Gore
February 1679Sir Charles Caesar
September 1679Sir William Cowper
1685Sir Francis Boteler
1689Sir William Cowper
1690Sir William Leman
1695William Cowper
January 1701Charles CaesarThomas Filmer
February 1701Richard Goulston
1705Sir Thomas Clarke
1708William Monson
1710Charles CaesarRichard Goulston
1715 [6]Sir Thomas ClarkeJohn Boteler
1722Edward HarrisonCharles Caesar[7]
1723Sir Thomas Clarke
1727George Harrison
1734Nathaniel Brassey
1741George Harrison
1759George Cowper
1761John CalvertTimothy Caswall
1768William Cowper
1770Paul Feilde
1780Thomas, Baron Dimsdale[8]William Baker
1784John Calvert
1790Nathaniel, Baron Dimsdale[8]
1802Hon. Edward Spencer CowperWhig[9]Nicolson CalvertWhig[9]
1817James Gascoyne-CecilTory[9]
1823Thomas ByronTory[10]
1826Thomas Slingsby DuncombeWhig[9]
1830Henry Chetwynd-TalbotTory[9]
1831John CurrieWhig[9]
1832 [11]Henry Chetwynd-TalbotTory[9]Philip StanhopeTory[9]
1832writ suspended: both seats vacant until 1835[11]
1835Hon. William CowperWhig[12][13][14][9]Philip StanhopeConservative[9]
1852Thomas ChambersRadical[15][16][17]
1857Sir Walter Townshend-FarquharConservative
1859Liberal
1866Robert DimsdaleConservative
1868Representation reduced to one MP

1868-1885 edit

ElectionMemberParty
1868Robert DimsdaleConservative
1874Arthur BalfourConservative
1885Constituency abolished; name transferred to county division

Hertford county constituency (1885-1974) edit

ElectionMemberParty
1885Abel SmithConservative
1898 by-electionEvelyn CecilConservative
1900Abel Henry SmithConservative
Jan. 1910Sir John RollestonConservative
1916 by-electionNoel Pemberton BillingIndependent
1918Silver Badge Party
1921 by-election(Sir) Murray SueterAnti-Waste League/Independent Parliamentary Group
1922Conservative
1945Sir Derek Walker-SmithConservative
1955Robert LindsayConservative
Feb. 1974Constituency abolished - see Hertford and Stevenage

Elections edit

Elections in the 1830s edit

General election 1830: Hertford[9][10]
PartyCandidateVotes%
WhigThomas Slingsby DuncombeUnopposed
ToryHenry Chetwynd-TalbotUnopposed
Registered electorsc. 800
Whig hold
Tory hold
General election 1831: Hertford[9][10]
PartyCandidateVotes%
WhigThomas Slingsby Duncombe 492 37.7
WhigJohn Currie (MP) 431 33.0
ToryHenry Chetwynd-Talbot38329.3
Majority483.7
Turnout739c. 92.4
Registered electorsc. 800
Whig hold
Whig gain from Tory
General election 1832: Hertford[9][18]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
ToryHenry Chetwynd-Talbot 432 32.5 +17.9
ToryPhilip Stanhope 381 28.7 +14.1
RadicalThomas Slingsby Duncombe32924.8−12.9
RadicalJohn Eden Spalding18614.0N/A
Majority523.9N/A
Turnout67195.9c. +3.5
Registered electors700
Tory gain from WhigSwing+12.2
Tory gain from WhigSwing+10.3

The 1832 election was later declared void, but a new writ was not issued during the course of the parliament.

General election 1835: Hertford[9][18]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
ConservativePhilip Stanhope 359 35.7 +7.0
WhigWilliam Cowper 327 32.5 N/A
ConservativeHenry Chetwynd-Talbot32131.9−0.6
Turnout61697.3+1.4
Registered electors633
Majority323.2−0.7
Conservative holdSwing
Majority60.6N/A
Whig gain from ConservativeSwing
General election 1837: Hertford[9][18]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
WhigWilliam Cowper 378 38.5 +6.0
ConservativePhilip Stanhope 306 31.2 −36.4
RadicalJohn Currie (MP)29730.3N/A
Turnout58091.9−5.4
Registered electors631
Majority727.3+6.7
Whig holdSwing+21.2
Majority90.9−2.3
Conservative holdSwing−21.2

Cowper was appointed as a commissioner of Greenwich Hospital, requiring a by-election.

By-election, 20 May 1839: Hertford[9][18]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
WhigWilliam Cowper 297 51.7 +13.2
ConservativeWalter Townsend-Farquhar27848.3+17.1
Majority193.4−3.9
Turnout57592.9+1.0
Registered electors619
Whig holdSwing−2.0

Elections in the 1840s edit

General election 1841: Hertford [18][9][10]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
WhigWilliam CowperUnopposed
ConservativePhilip StanhopeUnopposed
Registered electors607
Whig hold
Conservative hold

Cowper was appointed a Civil Lord of the Admiralty, requiring a by-election.

By-election, 11 July 1846: Hertford [18]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
WhigWilliam CowperUnopposed
Whig hold
General election 1847: Hertford [18]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
WhigWilliam CowperUnopposed
ConservativePhilip StanhopeUnopposed
Registered electors567
Whig hold
Conservative hold

Elections in the 1850s edit

General election 1852: Hertford [18]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
WhigWilliam Cowper 301 32.3 N/A
RadicalThomas Chambers 235 25.2 N/A
ConservativePhilip Stanhope21322.9N/A
ConservativeCharles Dimsdale[19]18219.5N/A
Turnout466 (est)68.0 (est)N/A
Registered electors685
Majority667.1N/A
Whig holdSwingN/A
Majority222.3N/A
Radical gain from Conservative

Cowper was appointed Civil Lord of the Admiralty, requiring a by-election.

By-election, 1 January 1853: Hertford [18]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
WhigWilliam CowperUnopposed
Whig hold

Cowper was appointed president of the General Board of Health, requiring a by-election.

By-election, 14 August 1855: Hertford [18]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
WhigWilliam CowperUnopposed
Whig hold

Cowper was appointed Vice-President of the Committee of the Council on Education, requiring a by-election.

By-election, 9 February 1857: Hertford [18]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
WhigWilliam CowperUnopposed
Whig hold
General election 1857: Hertford [18]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
WhigWilliam Cowper 301 37.2 +4.9
ConservativeWalter Townsend-Farquhar 273 33.7 −8.7
RadicalThomas Chambers23529.0+3.8
Turnout405 (est)65.2 (est)−2.8
Registered electors620
Majority283.5−3.6
Whig holdSwing+4.6
Majority384.7N/A
Conservative gain from RadicalSwing−6.3
General election 1859: Hertford [18]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
LiberalWilliam CowperUnopposed
ConservativeWalter Townsend-FarquharUnopposed
Registered electors530
Liberal hold
Conservative hold

Cowper was appointed Vice-President of the Board of Trade, requiring a by-election.

By-election, 19 August 1859: Hertford [18]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
LiberalWilliam Cowper 281 57.9 N/A
ConservativeRobert Dimsdale20442.1N/A
Majority7715.8N/A
Turnout48591.5N/A
Registered electors530
Liberal holdSwingN/A

Elections in the 1860s edit

Cowper was appointed First Commissioner of Works and Public Buildings, requiring a by-election.

By-election, 13 February 1860: Hertford [18]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
LiberalWilliam CowperUnopposed
Liberal hold
General election 1865: Hertford [18]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
LiberalWilliam CowperUnopposed
ConservativeWalter Townshend-FarquharUnopposed
Registered electors543
Liberal hold
Conservative hold

Townshend-Farquhar's death caused a by-election.

By-election, 30 June 1866: Hertford [18]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
ConservativeRobert DimsdaleUnopposed
Conservative hold

Seat reduced to one member

General election 1868: Hertford [18]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
ConservativeRobert Dimsdale 434 55.7 N/A
LiberalFrederick Waymouth Gibbs[20]34544.3N/A
Majority8911.4N/A
Turnout77984.5N/A
Registered electors922
Conservative hold

Elections in the 1870s edit

Arthur Balfour was MP for Hertford between 1874 and 1885, and later Prime Minister.
General election 1874: Hertford [18]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
ConservativeArthur BalfourUnopposed
Registered electors1,041
Conservative hold

Elections in the 1880s edit

General election 1880: Hertford [18]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
ConservativeArthur Balfour 564 58.5 N/A
LiberalEdward Ernest Bowen[21]40041.5New
Majority16417.0N/A
Turnout96489.2N/A
Registered electors1,081
Conservative holdSwingN/A

Balfour was appointed President of the Local Government Board, requiring a by-election.

By-election, 30 Jun 1885: Hertford [18]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
ConservativeArthur BalfourUnopposed
Conservative hold
Smith
General election 1885: Hertford [22][23]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
ConservativeAbel Smith 4,263 58.1 −0.4
LiberalHenry Cowper3,07241.9+0.4
Majority1,19116.2−0.8
Turnout7,33583.0−6.2
Registered electors8,840
Conservative holdSwing−0.4
General election 1886: Hertford [22][23]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
ConservativeAbel SmithUnopposed
Conservative hold

Elections in the 1890s edit

General election 1892: Hertford [22][23]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
ConservativeAbel Smith 4,276 60.3 N/A
LiberalEdwin Robert Speirs2,81839.7New
Majority1,45820.6N/A
Turnout7,09475.8N/A
Registered electors9,355
Conservative holdSwingN/A
General election 1895: Hertford [22][23]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
ConservativeAbel SmithUnopposed
Conservative hold

Smith's death caused a by-election.

Spencer
1898 Hertford by-election[22]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
ConservativeEvelyn Cecil 4,118 51.7 N/A
LiberalCharles Spencer3,85048.3New
Majority2683.4N/A
Turnout7,96877.4N/A
Registered electors10,301
Conservative holdSwingN/A

Elections in the 1900s edit

Smith
General election 1900: Hertford [22][23]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
ConservativeAbel Henry SmithUnopposed
Conservative hold
Buxton
General election 1906: Hertford [22][23]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
ConservativeAbel Henry Smith 4,836 50.4 N/A
LiberalCharles Buxton4,75649.6New
Majority800.8N/A
Turnout9,59286.2N/A
Registered electors11,124
Conservative holdSwingN/A

Elections in the 1910s edit

General election January 1910: Hertford [24][23]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
ConservativeJohn Rolleston 6,147 58.0 +7.6
LiberalEdmund Broughton Barnard4,45542.0−7.6
Majority1,69216.0+15.2
Turnout10,60289.6+3.4
Registered electors11,838
Conservative holdSwing+7.6
General election December 1910: Hertford [24][23]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
ConservativeJohn Rolleston 5,594 57.0 −1.0
LiberalGeorge Strachan Pawle4,22643.0+1.0
Majority1,36814.0−2.0
Turnout9,82083.0−6.6
Registered electors12,684
Conservative holdSwing−1.0

General Election 1914–15:

Another General Election was required to take place before the end of 1915. The political parties had been making preparations for an election to take place and by July 1914, the following candidates had been selected;

Billing
1916 Hertford by-election[24]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
IndependentNoel Pemberton Billing 4,590 56.3 New
UnionistBrodie Henderson3,55943.7−13.3
Majority1,03112.6N/A
Turnout8,14964.2−18.8
Registered electors12,684
Independent gain from UnionistSwing
General election 1918: Hertford [25]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
IndependentNoel Pemberton-Billing 9,628 52.1 N/A
National*Edmund Broughton Barnard7,15838.8−18.2
LabourCyril Harding1,6799.1New
Majority2,47013.3N/A
Turnout18,46557.4−25.6
Registered electors32,158
Independent holdSwing

* Barnard was also the nominee of the National Farmers' Union

Elections in the 1920s edit

1921 Hertford by-election[25]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Anti-Waste League*Murray Sueter 12,329 68.9 New
UnionistHildred Carlile5,55331.1New
Majority6,77637.8N/A
Turnout17,88255.1−2.3
Registered electors32,426
Anti-Waste League gain from IndependentSwing

* Sueter was also the nominee of the Independent Parliamentary Group.

General election 1922: Hertford [25]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
UnionistMurray Sueter 11,406 63.6 N/A
LiberalThomas Greenwood6,53436.4New
Majority4,87227.2N/A
Turnout17,94054.1−3.3
Registered electors33,184
Unionist gain from Anti-Waste LeagueSwing
General election 1923: Hertford [26]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
UnionistMurray Sueter 10,660 52.2 −11.4
LiberalThomas Greenwood9,76347.8+11.4
Majority8974.4−22.8
Turnout20,42360.6+6.5
Registered electors33,704
Unionist holdSwing−11.4
General election 1924: Hertford[25]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
UnionistMurray Sueter 14,582 60.0 +7.8
LiberalThomas Morris Davies5,82824.0−23.8
LabourErnest Selley3,88516.0New
Majority8,75436.0+31.6
Turnout24,29570.8+10.2
Registered electors34,315
Unionist holdSwing+15.8
General election 1929: Hertford[25]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
UnionistMurray Sueter 13,525 39.5 −20.5
IndependentNoel Pemberton Billing10,14929.6New
LiberalThomas Evander Evans6,41918.7−5.3
LabourRoger S Edwards4,19312.2−3.8
Majority3,3769.9−26.1
Turnout34,28674.7+3.9
Registered electors45,893
Unionist holdSwing−7.6

Elections in the 1930s edit

General election 1931: Hertford [25]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
ConservativeMurray Sueter 25,751 78.4 +38.9
LabourRoger S Edwards7,09221.6+9.4
Majority18,65956.8+46.9
Turnout32,84369.1−5.6
Conservative holdSwing+14.7
General election 1935: Hertford [25]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
ConservativeMurray Sueter 21,193 64.8 −13.6
LabourRoger S Edwards11,49235.2+13.6
Majority9,70129.6−27.2
Turnout32,68562.5−6.6
Conservative holdSwing−11.7

Elections in the 1940s edit

General Election 1939–40:Another General Election was required to take place before the end of 1940. The political parties had been making preparations for an election to take place from 1939 and by the end of this year, the following candidates had been selected;

General election 1945: Hertford[25]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
ConservativeDerek Walker-Smith 19,877 43.3 −21.5
LabourLynton Scutts17,34937.9+2.7
LiberalThomas Peter Hughes7,58716.6new
IndependentArthur Bernard Swain1,0052.2new
Majority2,5285.4−24.2
Turnout45,81870.4+7.9
Conservative holdSwing−12.1

Elections in the 1950s edit

General election 1950: Hertford[28][29]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
ConservativeDerek Walker-Smith 25,074 45.90 +2.60
LabourLynton Scutts19,32435.37−2.53
LiberalThomas Peter Hughes10,23418.73+2.13
Majority5,75010.53+5.13
Turnout54,63283.18+12.78
Registered electors65,683
Conservative holdSwing+2.57
General election 1951: Hertford[28][30][31]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
ConservativeDerek Walker-Smith 30,519 56.28 +10.38
Labour Co-opRichard Marsh23,70843.72+8.35
Majority6,81112.56+2.03
Turnout54,22780.80−2.38
Registered electors67,110
Conservative holdSwing+1.02
General election 1955: Hertford[28][32]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
ConservativeRobert Lindsay 25,014 56.79 +0.51
LabourJohn McKnight19,03043.21−0.51
Majority5,98413.58+1.02
Turnout44,04482.24+1.44
Registered electors53,556
Conservative holdSwing+0.51
General election 1959: Hertford[28][33]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
ConservativeRobert Lindsay 31,418 58.17 +1.38
LabourGerald D Southgate22,59741.83−1.38
Majority8,82116.34+2.76
Turnout54,01584.26+2.02
Registered electors64,106
Conservative holdSwing+1.38

Elections in the 1960s edit

General election 1964: Hertford[28][34]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
ConservativeRobert Lindsay 29,134 46.23 −11.94
LabourThomas A Deacon25,16139.93−1.90
LiberalAnna Harman8,72213.84New
Majority3,9736.30−10.04
Turnout63,01784.64+0.38
Registered electors74,450
Conservative holdSwing−5.02
General election 1966: Hertford[28][35]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
ConservativeRobert Lindsay 32,302 50.62 +3.79
LabourPeter Nurse31,50849.38+9.45
Majority7941.24−5.06
Turnout63,81083.70−0.94
Registered electors76,234
Conservative holdSwing−2.83

Elections in the 1970s edit

General election 1970: Hertford[28][36]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
ConservativeRobert Lindsay 36,494 52.58 +1.96
LabourYvonne Sieve26,92438.79−10.59
LiberalJohn Melling5,9948.64New
Majority9,57013.79+12.55
Turnout69,41278.08−5.62
Registered electors88,900
Conservative holdSwing+6.28

References edit

  1. ^ Great Britain (1868). The Statutes of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland [1807-1868/69]. unknown library. His Majesty's statute and law printers.
  2. ^ Great Britain, Incorporated Council of Law Reporting for England and Wales. The public general acts. unknown library. Proprietors of the Law Journal Reports, 1884.
  3. ^ Fraser, Hugh (1918). The Representation of the people act, 1918 : with explanatory notes. University of California Libraries. London : Sweet and Maxwell.
  4. ^ "Representation of the People Act, 1948". www.legislation.gov.uk. Retrieved 23 February 2019.
  5. ^ S., Craig, Fred W. (1972). Boundaries of parliamentary constituencies 1885-1972;. Chichester: Political Reference Publications. ISBN 0900178094. OCLC 539011.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  6. ^ At the general election of 1715, Caesar and Goulston were initially declared re-elected, but on petition the result was overturned and their opponents, Clarke and Boteler, were seated in their place
  7. ^ On petition, Caesar was adjudged not to have been duly elected and his opponent, Clarke, was declared elected in his place
  8. ^ a b Dimsdale was a baron in the Russian peerage
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Stooks Smith, Henry. (1973) [1844-1850]. Craig, F. W. S. (ed.). The Parliaments of England (2nd ed.). Chichester: Parliamentary Research Services. pp. 145–147. ISBN 0-900178-13-2.
  10. ^ a b c d Fisher, David R. "Hertford". The History of Parliament. Retrieved 14 April 2020.
  11. ^ a b At the election of 1832 Ingestrie and Mahon were declared elected, but on petition was their election was declared void, Hertford's writ was suspended and the seats remained vacant until the next general election
  12. ^ "Hertford". Hertford Mercury and Reformer. 17 February 1835. p. 3. Retrieved 14 May 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  13. ^ Dod, Charles Roger; Dod, Robert Phipps (1847). Dod's Parliamentary Companion, Volume 15. Dod's Parliamentary Companion. pp. 151–152. Retrieved 14 May 2018.
  14. ^ Warwick, William Atkinson (1841). The House of Commons: As Elected to the Fourteenth Parliament of the United Kingdom, Being The Second of Victoria. London: Saunders and Otley. p. 43.
  15. ^ Dod, Charles Roger; Dod, Robert Phipps (1855). The Parliamentary Companion, 1855. London: Whittaker & Co. p. 154. Retrieved 14 May 2018.
  16. ^ "Hertford Election". Exeter and Plymouth Gazette. 10 July 1852. pp. 4, 7. Retrieved 14 May 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  17. ^ "The Borough Election". Herts Guardian, Agricultural Journal, and General Advertiser. 10 July 1852. p. 2. Retrieved 14 May 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  18. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u Craig, F. W. S., ed. (1977). British Parliamentary Election Results 1832-1885 (e-book) (1st ed.). London: Macmillan Press. ISBN 978-1-349-02349-3.
  19. ^ "Hertford Borough Election". Hertford Mercury and Reformer. 10 July 1852. p. 2. Retrieved 14 May 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  20. ^ "Hertford Election". Hertford Mercury and Reformer. 14 November 1868. p. 1. Retrieved 18 February 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  21. ^ "Hertford". The Scotsman. 20 March 1880. p. 12. Retrieved 29 November 2017 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  22. ^ a b c d e f g The Liberal Year Book, 1907
  23. ^ a b c d e f g h Craig, FWS, ed. (1974). British Parliamentary Election Results: 1885-1918. London: Macmillan Press. ISBN 9781349022984.
  24. ^ a b c Debrett's House of Commons & Judicial Bench, 1918
  25. ^ a b c d e f g h British Parliamentary Election Results 1918-1949, F W S Craig
  26. ^ British Parliamentary Election Results 1918-1949, FWS Craig
  27. ^ Report of the Annual Conference of the Labour Party, 1939
  28. ^ a b c d e f g British Parliamentary Election Results 1950-1973, F W S Craig
  29. ^ Kimber, Richard. "UK General Election results February 1950". Political Science Resources. Retrieved 11 April 2016.
  30. ^ Kimber, Richard. "UK General Election results 1951". Political Science Resources. Retrieved 11 April 2016.
  31. ^ The Times' Guide to the House of Commons. 1951.
  32. ^ Kimber, Richard. "UK General Election results 1955". Political Science Resources. Retrieved 11 April 2016.
  33. ^ Kimber, Richard. "UK General Election results 1959". Political Science Resources. Retrieved 11 April 2016.
  34. ^ Kimber, Richard. "UK General Election results 1964". Political Science Resources. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 11 April 2016.
  35. ^ Kimber, Richard. "UK General Election results 1966". Political Science Resources. Retrieved 11 April 2016.
  36. ^ Kimber, Richard. "UK General Election results 1970". Political Science Resources. Retrieved 11 April 2016.
  • Robert Beatson, A Chronological Register of Both Houses of Parliament (London: Longman, Hurst, Res & Orme, 1807) [1]
  • D. Brunton & D. H. Pennington, Members of the Long Parliament (London: George Allen & Unwin, 1954)
  • Cobbett's Parliamentary history of England, from the Norman Conquest in 1066 to the year 1803 (London: Thomas Hansard, 1808) [2]
  • F. W. S. Craig, British Parliamentary Election Results 1832-1885 (2nd edition, Aldershot: Parliamentary Research Services, 1989)
  • F W S Craig, "British Parliamentary Election Results 1918-1949" (Glasgow: Political Reference Publications, 1969)
  • Henry Stooks Smith, The Parliaments of England from 1715 to 1847 (2nd edition, edited by FWS Craig - Chichester: Parliamentary Reference Publications, 1973)
  • Leigh Rayment's Historical List of MPs – Constituencies beginning with "H" (part 3)
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