The Ballon d'Or (French pronunciation: [balɔ̃ dɔʁ] ⓘ; lit. 'Golden Ball') is an annual football award presented by French news magazine France Football since 1956 to honour the player deemed to have performed the best over the previous season.
| Ballon d'Or | |
|---|---|
_02.jpg) Ballon d'Or trophy | |
| Presented by | France Football |
| First awarded | 18 December 1956 |
| Currently held by |  Lionel Messi(8th award) |
| Most awards | Lionel Messi (8 awards) |
| Most nominations |  Cristiano Ronaldo(18 nominations) |
| Website | francefootball.fr |
| Related | Additional awards |
Conceived by sports writers Gabriel Hanot and Jacques Ferran, the Ballon d'Or award was based exclusively on voting by football journalists, from 1956 to 2006. Originally, it was awarded only to players from Europe and was widely known as the European Footballer of the Year award. In 1995, the Ballon d'Or was expanded to include all players of any origin that have been active at European clubs. The award became a global prize in 2007 with all professional footballers from around the world being eligible; additionally, coaches and captains of national teams were also given the right to vote, before reverting to just journalists in 2016.
Between 2010 and 2015, in an agreement with FIFA, the award was temporarily merged with the FIFA World Player of the Year, and was known as the FIFA Ballon d'Or. That partnership ended in 2016, and the award reverted to the Ballon d'Or, while FIFA also reverted to its own separate annual award, The Best FIFA Men's Player. In 2022, France Football modified the rules for the Ballon d'Or. The timing was changed so that awards were given not for achievements during a calendar year, but for a football season, and it was also determined that only a single journalist from each country in the top 100 of the FIFA Men's World Ranking would be allowed to vote. UEFA is set to co-organize the awards gala—with France Football retaining the voting system and the Ballon d'Or name—starting from the upcoming 2024 edition.
Lionel Messi won the award a record eight times, and he is also the current holder of the Ballon d'Or, having won its most recent edition in 2023. Cristiano Ronaldo has won it five times and amassed a record eighteen nominations in his career. Michel Platini, Johan Cruyff and Marco van Basten each won the award three times, while Franz Beckenbauer, Ronaldo, Alfredo Di Stéfano, Kevin Keegan and Karl-Heinz Rummenigge have each won it twice.
Overview
The Ballon d'Or is widely regarded as football's most prestigious and valuable individual award.[1][2][3][4] Nevertheless, critics have occasionally described the award as a "popularity contest",[5][6] criticizing its voting process,[7] its bias in favour of attacking players,[8] and the idea of systematically singling out an individual in a team sport.[9][10]
Stanley Matthews of England was the inaugural winner of the Ballon d'Or.[11][12] Prior to 2007, the award was based exclusively on voting by football journalists and was generally known as the continental European Footballer of the Year award in English language and much international media.[13][14] Even after 2007, it was usually identified with and referred to by that name because of its origin as a European award,[15][16] until it was merged with FIFA World Player of the Year award cementing its new worldwide claim.[17][18] Liberia's George Weah, the only African recipient, became the first non-European to win the award in 1995, the year that rules of eligibility were changed and the Ballon d'Or was expanded to include all players of any origin, active at European clubs;[19][20] two years later, Ronaldo of Brazil became the first South American to claim the award,[19] and he still remains the youngest winner ever at 21 years and 5 months old.[21] The award became a global prize in 2007 with all professional footballers from clubs around the world being eligible;[22] additionally, coaches and captains of national teams were also given the right to vote,[14] before reverting to just journalists in 2016.[7]
Lionel Messi has won the Ballon d'Or a record eight times,[4][23] while five-time winner Cristiano Ronaldo has earned the most nominations with eighteen.[24] Messi is the only player to win the award with three different teams and also the only one to win it while playing outside Europe,[25] as well as being the player with the most podiums, finishing in the top-three a record fourteen times.[4] Three players have won the award three times each: Michel Platini, Johan Cruyff and Marco van Basten.[11][24] With seven awards each, Dutch, German, Portuguese and French players have won the second most Ballons d'Or, underneath Argentina in first with eight.[20] Players from Germany (1972, 1981) and the Netherlands (1988) occupied the top-three spots in a single year. German (1972) and Italian (1988–1990) clubs achieved the same feat, including two individual years dominated by AC Milan players (1988, 1989), a unique record until Spanish clubs experienced an unprecedented dominance (2009–2012, 2015, 2016) and Barcelona (2010) became the second club to occupy the top-three.[23] The award shows a bias in favour of attacking players,[8] and, over time, it has gone to a more exclusive set of leagues and clubs.[14] Prior to 1995, ten leagues supplied Ballon d'Or winners, whereas only England, France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the United States have supplied winners since then.[14][26] Spain's La Liga has the most Ballon d'Or winners overall, with twenty-four wins shared between Barcelona and Real Madrid; with twelve wins each, the two Spanish clubs also lead the overall club ranking for producing the most winners.[26][27]
Between 2010 and 2015 inclusive, the award was merged with a similar one, the FIFA World Player of the Year award, to create the FIFA Ballon d'Or,[28] which was awarded to the world's best male player before FIFA and France Football decided not to continue the merging agreement.[2] The recipients of the joint FIFA Ballon d'Or are considered as winners by both award organizations.[14][29][30] After 2011, UEFA created the UEFA Best Player in Europe Award to maintain the tradition of the original Ballon d'Or of specifically honouring a football player from Europe.[31] In 2020, Groupe Amaury, to which France Football belongs,[32] decided that no award would be given for the year due to the COVID-19 pandemic cutting short the seasons of football clubs worldwide.[1][33] The widespread public opinion is that the 2020 award should have been given to Robert Lewandowski.[34][35][36]
France Football modified the rules for the Ballon d'Or in 2022. They changed the timing so that awards were given not for achievements during a calendar year, but for a football season.[37] It was also decided that only a single journalist from each country in the top 100 of the FIFA Men's World Ranking would be allowed to vote.[7] The plebiscite had previously been open to all countries since 2007.[37] This brought the Ballon d'Or into line with the UEFA Men's Player of the Year Award which was slightly less dominated by exclusive leagues and, in particular, Cristiano Ronaldo and Lionel Messi in the 2010s.[37] Beginning in 2024, UEFA is set to co-organize the Ballon d'Or with France Football, with the magazine retaining the voting system and the Ballon d'Or name and UEFA organizing the awards gala.[32][38]
Winners
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Note: Until 2021, the Ballon d'Or was awarded based on player performance during the calendar year. Since 2022, jurors have been instructed to take into account the previous season.[2][37]
- Notes
- ^ Born in Argentina, Di Stéfano acquired Spanish citizenship in 1956 and went on to play for the Spain national football team, thus becoming eligible for the award.
- ^ Kopa was signed by Real Madrid from Reims midway through 1956.
- ^ Kopa was signed by Reims from Real Madrid midway through 1959.
- ^ Born in Argentina, Sívori acquired Italian citizenship in 1961 and went on to play for the Italy national football team, thus becoming eligible for the award.
- ^ Luis Suárez was signed by Inter Milan from Barcelona midway through 1961.
- ^ Cruyff was signed by Barcelona from Ajax midway through 1973.
- ^ Keegan was signed by Hamburger SV from Liverpool midway through 1977.
- ^ Krankl was signed by Barcelona from Rapid Wien midway through 1978.
- ^ Schuster was signed by Barcelona from 1. FC Köln midway through 1980.
- ^ Boniek was signed by Juventus from Widzew Łódź midway through 1982.
- ^ Simonsen was signed by Vejle from Charlton Athletic midway through 1983.
- ^ Elkjær was signed by Hellas Verona from Lokeren midway through 1984.
- ^ Lineker was signed by Barcelona from Everton midway through 1986.
- ^ Gullit was signed by AC Milan from PSV Eindhoven midway through 1987.
- ^ Futre was signed by Atlético Madrid from Porto midway through 1987.
- ^ Rijkaard was signed by AC Milan from Zaragoza midway through 1988.
- ^ Bergkamp was signed by Inter Milan from Ajax midway through 1993.
- ^ Weah was signed by AC Milan from Paris Saint-Germain midway through 1995.
- ^ Klinsmann was signed by Bayern Munich from Tottenham Hotspur midway through 1995.
- ^ Ronaldo was signed by Barcelona from PSV Eindhoven midway through 1996.
- ^ Shearer was signed by Newcastle United from Blackburn Rovers midway through 1996.
- ^ Ronaldo was signed by Inter Milan from Barcelona midway through 1997.
- ^ Shevchenko was signed by AC Milan from Dynamo Kyiv midway through 1999.
- ^ Figo was signed by Real Madrid from Barcelona midway through 2000.
- ^ Ronaldo was signed by Real Madrid from Inter Milan midway through 2002.
- ^ Deco was signed by Barcelona from Porto midway through 2004.
- ^ Cannavaro was signed by Real Madrid from Juventus midway through 2006.
- ^ Cristiano Ronaldo was signed by Real Madrid from Manchester United midway through 2009.
- ^ Neymar was signed by Paris Saint-Germain from Barcelona midway through 2017.
- ^ Cristiano Ronaldo was signed by Juventus from Real Madrid midway through 2018.
- ^ Messi was signed by Paris Saint-Germain from Barcelona midway through 2021.
- ^ Mané was signed by Bayern Munich from Liverpool midway through 2022.
- ^ Messi was signed by Inter Miami from Paris Saint-Germain midway through 2023.
Wins by player
- Notes
Wins by country
| Country | Players | Wins |
|---|---|---|
| Argentina | 1 | 8 |
 France | 5 | 7 |
 Germany | 5 | 7 |
 Netherlands | 3 | 7 |
| Portugal | 3 | 7 |
 Italy | 5 | 5 |
 Brazil | 4 | 5 |
 England | 4 | 5 |
 Soviet Union | 3 | 3 |
 Spain | 2 | 3 |
 Bulgaria | 1 | 1 |
 Croatia | 1 | 1 |
 Czech Republic | 1 | 1 |
| Czechoslovakia | 1 | 1 |
 Denmark | 1 | 1 |
 Hungary | 1 | 1 |
 Liberia | 1 | 1 |
 Northern Ireland | 1 | 1 |
 Scotland | 1 | 1 |
 Ukraine | 1 | 1 |
Wins by club
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| Club | Players | Wins |
|---|---|---|
| Real Madrid | 8 | 12 |
| Barcelona | 6 | 12 |
| AC Milan | 6 | 8 |
| Juventus | 6 | 8 |
| Bayern Munich | 3 | 5 |
| Manchester United | 4 | 4 |
| Dynamo Kyiv | 2 | 2 |
| Inter Milan | 2 | 2 |
| Hamburger SV | 1 | 2 |
| Ajax | 1 | 1 |
| Benfica | 1 | 1 |
| Blackpool | 1 | 1 |
| Borussia Dortmund | 1 | 1 |
| Borussia Mönchengladbach | 1 | 1 |
| Dukla Prague | 1 | 1 |
 Dynamo Moscow | 1 | 1 |
| Ferencváros | 1 | 1 |
 Inter Miami | 1 | 1 |
| Liverpool | 1 | 1 |
| Marseille | 1 | 1 |
| Paris Saint-Germain | 1 | 1 |
Additional awards
Seasonal awards
Ballon d'Or Féminin
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First awarded in 2018, the Ballon d'Or Féminin honours the female player deemed to have performed the best over the previous season.[24][42]
Kopa Trophy
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Since 2018 France Football has given out the Kopa Trophy to the best performing player under the age of 21. The award is named after 1958 Ballon d'Or winner Raymond Kopa.[43]
Yashin Trophy
First awarded in 2019, the Yashin Trophy is presented to the best goalkeeper of the year. The award is named after Soviet goalkeeper and 1963 Ballon d'Or winner Lev Yashin.[44]
Gerd Müller Trophy
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In 2021, France Football awarded Robert Lewandowski with a Striker of the Year award for scoring the most goals the previous season.[45] Following Gerd Müller's death in 2021, the award was renamed for the 2022 edition to the Gerd Müller Trophy.[46]
Sócrates Award
Starting from 2022, France Football gives out the Sócrates Award, which acknowledges footballers for their humanitarian work.[47] The award is named after late Brazilian footballer Sócrates, who co-founded the Corinthians Democracy movement, in opposition to the ruling military dictatorship in Brazil during the 1980s.[48]
Men's Club of the Year
France Football first gave out the Men's Club of the Year award in 2021, with the inaugural winner being Chelsea.[49][50] Manchester City won back-to-back in 2022 and 2023.[51]
Women's Club of the Year
France Football first gave out the Women's Club of the Year award in 2023, with the inaugural winner being FC Barcelona Femení.[52]
Men's Coach of the Year
France Football is set to give out the Men's Coach of the Year award starting in 2024.[32][38]
Women's Coach of the Year
France Football is set to give out the Women's Coach of the Year award starting in 2024.[32][38]
Special awards
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Super Ballon d'Or
An honorary award, under the name Super Ballon d'Or, was awarded to Alfredo Di Stéfano in 1989,[7] who was voted the best multiple-time Ballon d'Or winner ahead of Johan Cruyff and Michel Platini.[53][54]
In addition Diego Maradona received an honorary Ballon d'Or in 1995 for his services to football dubbed the Golden Ballon d'Or.[7][53][55] Pelé also received a similar award during the 2013 FIFA Ballon d'Or ceremony dubbed the FIFA Ballon d'Or Prix d'Honneur.[7][56]
Football Player of the Century
In 1999, France Football voted Pelé as the Football Player of the Century after consulting their former Ballon d'Or recipients.[7] Among the 34 previous winners, 30 cast their votes, while Stanley Matthews, Omar Sívori and George Best refused to vote, and Lev Yashin had died. Each voter was allotted five votes worth up to five points; however, Di Stéfano only chose a first place, Platini a first and second place, and George Weah two players for fifth place. Pelé was named the greatest by 17 voters, receiving almost double the number of points earned by the second place, Diego Maradona.[57]
| Player | Pts | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 4th | 5th |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pelé | 122 | 17 | 5 | 4 | 2 | 1 |
| Diego Maradona | 65 | 3 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 1 |
| Johan Cruyff | 62 | 1 | 4 | 7 | 9 | 2 |
 Alfredo Di Stéfano | 44 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 |
| Michel Platini | 40 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 3 | 6 |
Le nouveau palmarès
To coincide with the 60th anniversary of the Ballon d'Or in 2016, France Football published an internationalized reevaluation of the awards presented before 1995, when only European players were eligible to win the award.[7][55] 12 out of the 39 Ballons d'Or presented during this time period would have been awarded to South American players; in addition to Pelé and Diego Maradona, Garrincha, Mario Kempes, and Romário were retrospectively recognized as worthy winners.[55][58] The original recipients, however, remain unchanged.[3]
| Year | Original winner | Alternative |
|---|---|---|
| 1958 |  Raymond Kopa | Pelé |
| 1959 | Alfredo Di Stéfano |  Pelé |
| 1960 | Luis Suárez |  Pelé |
| 1961 | Omar Sívori | Pelé |
| 1962 | Josef Masopust | Garrincha |
| 1963 | Lev Yashin | Pelé |
| 1964 | Denis Law | Pelé |
| 1970 | Gerd Müller |  Pelé |
| 1978 | Kevin Keegan | Mario Kempes |
| 1986 | Igor Belanov | Diego Maradona |
| 1990 | Lothar Matthäus | Diego Maradona |
| 1994 | Hristo Stoichkov | Romário |
Ballon d'Or Dream Team
An all-time all-star team, the Ballon d'Or Dream Team, was published in December 2020 by France Football, honouring football's greatest players of all time.[59][60] A second and a third team were also published.[61]
| Goalkeepers | Defenders | Midfielders | Forwards |
|---|---|---|---|
| First Team | |||
| Second Team | |||
| |||
| Third Team | |||
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- ^ "The other two Ballon d'Or Dream Team XIs: Zidane, Cruyff, Iniesta, Di Stefano... but no Casillas". Marca. 14 December 2020. ISSN 2340-0595. Archived from the original on 15 December 2020. Retrieved 23 March 2024.
