Comparative air force officer ranks of Europe

Rank comparison chart of all air forces of European states.

Commissioned officer ranks edit

The rank insignia of commissioned officers.

Rank group	General / flag officers						Senior officers				Junior officers						Officer cadet
Albanian Air Force^[1] v t e
Albanian Air Force^[1] v t e				Gjeneral lejtant	Gjeneral major	Gjeneral brigade	Kolonel	Nënkolonel	Major		Kapiten		Toger		Nëntoger
Austrian Air Force^[2] v t e
Austrian Air Force^[2] v t e		General		Generalleutnant	Generalmajor	Brigadier	Oberst	Oberstleutnant	Major		Hauptmann		Oberleutnant		Leutnant
Belarusian Air Force^[3] v t e
Belarusian Air Force^[3] v t e				Ґенэрал-палкоўнік G̀jeneral-palkoŭnik	Ґенэрал-лейтэнант G̀jeneral-liejtenant	Ґенэрал-маёр G̀jeneral-major	Палкоўнік Palkoŭnik	Падпалкоўнік Padpalkoŭnik	Маёр Major		Капітан Kapitan		Старшы лейтэнант Staršy liejtenant	Лейтэнант Liejtenant		Малодшы лейтэнант Malodšy liejtenant
Belgian Air Component^[4] v t e
		Generaal		Luitenant-generaal	Generaal-majoor	Brigadegeneraal	Kolonel	Luitenant-kolonel	Majoor	Kapitein-commandant	Kapitein		Luitenant		Onderluitenant
		Général		Lieutenant général	Général-major	Général de Brigade	Colonel	Lieutenant-colonel	Major	Capitaine-commandant	Capitaine		Lieutenant		Sous-lieutenant
		General		Generalleutnant	Generalmajor	Brigadegeneral	Oberst	Oberstleutnant	Major	Stabshauptmann	Hauptmann		Leutnant		Unterleutnant
Bulgarian Air Force^[5] v t e
Bulgarian Air Force^[5] v t e		Генерал General		Генерал-лейтенант General-leytenant	Генерал-майор General-mayor	Бригаден генерал Brigaden general	Полковник Polkovnik	Подполковник Podpolkovnik	Майор Mayor		Капитан Kapitan		Старши лейтенант Starshi leytenant		Лейтенант Leytenant
Croatian Air Force^[6] v t e
Croatian Air Force^[6] v t e	Stožerni general	General zbora		General pukovnik	General bojnik	Brigadni general	Brigadir	Pukovnik	Bojnik		Satnik		Natporučnik		Poručnik
Cyprus Air Forces^[7] v t e
Cyprus Air Forces^[7] v t e						Ταξίαρχος Taxíarchos	Σμήναρχος Smínarchos	Αντισμήναρχος Antismínarchos	Επισμηναγός Episminagós		Σμηναγός Sminagós		Υποσμηναγός Yposminagós		Ανθυποσμηναγός Anthyposminagós
Czech Air Force^[8] v t e
Czech Air Force^[8] v t e		Armádní generál		Generálporučík	Generálmajor	Brigádní generál	Plukovník	Podplukovník	Major		Kapitán		Nadporučík		Poručík
Royal Danish Air Force^[9] v t e
Royal Danish Air Force^[9] v t e		General		Generalløjtnant	Generalmajor	Brigadegeneral	Oberst	Oberstløjtnant	Major		Kaptajn		Premierløjtnant		Løjtnant		Sekondløjtnant			Sergent (Officerselev)
Estonian Air Force^[10] v t e
Estonian Air Force^[10] v t e		Kindral		Kindralleitnant	Kindralmajor	Brigaadikindral	Kolonel	Kolonelleitnant	Major		Kapten		Leitnant	Nooremleitnant		Lipnik
French Air and Space Force^[11] v t e
French Air and Space Force^[11] v t e		Général d´armée aérienne		Général de corps aérien	Général de division aérienne	Général de brigade aérienne	Colonel	Lieutenant-colonel	Commandant		Capitaine		Lieutenant		Sous-lieutenant		Aspirant			Élève-officier
Finnish Air Force^[12] v t e
		Kenraali		Kenraaliluutnantti	Kenraalimajuri	Prikaatikenraali	Eversti	Everstiluutnantti	Majuri		Kapteeni		Yliluutnantti	Luutnantti		Vänrikki	Upseerikokelas			Upseerioppilas
		General		Generallöjtnant	Generalmajor	Brigadgeneral	Överste	Överstelöjtnant	Major		Kapten		Premiärlöjtnant	Löjtnant		Fänrik	Officersaspirant			Officerselev
Georgian Air Force^[13] v t e
Georgian Air Force^[13] v t e		გენერალი Generali		გენერალ ლეიტენანტი General leit’enant’i	გენერალ მაიორი General maiori	ბრიგადის გენერალი Brigadis generali	პოლკოვნიკი P’olk’ovnik’i	ლეიტენანტ პოლკოვნიკი Leit’enant’ p’olk’ovnik’i	მაიორი Maiori		კაპიტანი K’ap’it’ani		უფროსი ლეიტენანტი Uprosi leit’enant’i		ლეიტენანტი Leit’enant’i
German Air Force^[14] v t e																				Enlisted rank plus bottom thin silver cord indicating cadet's career
German Air Force^[14] v t e		General		Generalleutnant	Generalmajor	Brigadegeneral	Oberst	Oberstleutnant	Major		Stabshauptmann	Hauptmann	Oberleutnant		Leutnant		Oberfähnrich	Fähnrich	Fahnenjunker
Hellenic Air Force^[15] v t e
Hellenic Air Force^[15] v t e		Πτέραρχος Pterarchos		Αντιπτέραρχος Antipterarchos	Υποπτέραρχος Ypopterarchos	Ταξίαρχος Taxiarchos	Σμήναρχος Sminarchos	Αντισμήναρχος Antisminarchos	Επισμηναγός Episminagos		Σμηναγός Sminagos		Υποσμηναγός Yposminagos		Ανθυποσμηναγός Anthyposminagos
Rank group	General / flag officers						Senior officers				Junior officers						Officer cadet
Hungarian Air Force^[16] v t e																				No insignia
Hungarian Air Force^[16] v t e		Vezérezredes		Altábornagy	Vezérőrnagy	Dandártábornok	Ezredes	Alezredes	Őrnagy		Százados		Főhadnagy		Hadnagy					Honvédtisztjelölt
Iceland	No air force
Irish Air Corps^[17] v t e
				Lieutenant-general	Major-general	Brigadier-general	Colonel	Lieutenant-colonel	Commandant		Captain		Lieutenant		Second-lieutenant
				Lefteanant-ghinearál	Maor-ghinearál	Briogáidire-ghinearál	Cornal	Lefteanant-chornal	Ceannfort		Captaen		Lefteanant		Dara-lefteanant
Italian Air Force^[18] v t e
Italian Air Force^[18] v t e		Generale	Generale di squadra aerea con incarichi speciali	Generale di squadra aerea	Generale di divisione aerea	Generale di brigata aerea	Colonnello	Tenente colonnello	Maggiore		Primo capitano	Capitano	Tenente		Sottotenente
Kosovo	No air force
Latvian Air Force^[19] v t e
Latvian Air Force^[19] v t e				Ģenerālleitnants	Ģenerālmajors	Brigādes ģenerālis	Pulkvedis	Pulkvežleitnants	Majors		Kapteinis		Virsleitnants		Leitnants
Liechtenstein	No air force
Lithuanian Air Force^[20] v t e
Lithuanian Air Force^[20] v t e		Generolas		Generolas leitenantas	Generolas majoras	Brigados generolas	Pulkininkas	Pulkininkas leitenantas	Majoras		Kapitonas		Vyresnysis leitenantas		Leitenantas					Kariūnas
Luxembourg	No air force
North Macedonia Air Force^[21] v t e
North Macedonia Air Force^[21] v t e		Генерал General		Генерал потполковник General potpolkovnik	Генерал мајор General major	Бригаден генерал Brigaden general	Полковник Polkovnik	Потполковник Potpolkovnik	Мајор Major		Капетан Kapetan		Поручник Poručnik		Потпоручник Potporučnik
Moldova Air Force^[22] v t e
Moldova Air Force^[22] v t e				General de corp de armată	General de divizie	General de brigadă	Colonel	Locotenent-colonel	Maior		Căpitan		Locotenent-major		Locotenent		Cursant
Monaco	No air force
Montenegrin Air Force^[23] v t e
Montenegrin Air Force^[23] v t e		General pukovnik		General potpukovnik	General major	Brigadir general	Pukovnik	Potpukovnik	Major		Kapetan		Poručnik		Potporučnik
Royal Netherlands Air Force^[24] v t e
Royal Netherlands Air Force^[24] v t e		Generaal		Luitenant-generaal	Generaal-majoor	Commodore	Kolonel	Luitenant-kolonel	Majoor		Kapitein		Eerste luitenant		Tweede luitenant
Royal Norwegian Air Force^[25] v t e
Royal Norwegian Air Force^[25] v t e		General		Generalløytnant	Generalmajor	Brigader	Oberst	Oberstløytnant	Major		Kaptein/ Rittmester		Løytnant		Fenrik
Polish Air Force^[26] v t e																				Various
Polish Air Force^[26] v t e	Marszałek Polski	Generał		Generał broni	Generał dywizji	Generał brygady	Pułkownik	Podpułkownik	Major		Kapitan		Porucznik		Podporucznik					Podchorąży
Rank group	General / flag officers						Senior officers				Junior officers						Officer cadet
Portuguese Air Force^[27] v t e
Portuguese Air Force^[27] v t e	Marechal da Força Aérea	General		Tenente-general	Major-general	Brigadeiro-general	Coronel	Tenente-coronel	Major		Capitão		Tenente		Alferes
Romanian Air Force^[28] v t e
Romanian Air Force^[28] v t e	Mareșal	General		General-locotenent	General-maior	General de flotilă aeriană	Comandor	Căpitan-comandor	Locotenent-comandor		Căpitan		Locotenent		Sublocotenent
Russian Aerospace Forces^[29] v t e
Russian Aerospace Forces^[29] v t e		Генера́л а́рмии Generál ármii		Генера́л-полко́вник Generál-polkóvnik	Генера́л-лейтена́нт Generál-leytenánt	Генера́л-майо́р Generál-mayór	Полко́вник Polkóvnik	Подполко́вник Podpolkóvnik	Майо́р Majór		Kапита́н Kapitán		Старший лейтена́нт Stárshiy leytenánt	Лейтенант Leytenant		Mла́дший лейтена́нт Mládshiy leytenánt	Курсант Kursant
San Marino	No air force
Serbian Air Force and Air Defence^[30] v t e
Serbian Air Force and Air Defence^[30] v t e		Генерал General		Генерал-потпуковник General-potpukovnik	Генерал-мајор General-major	Бригадни генерал Brigadni general	Пуковник Pukovnik	Потпуковник Potpukovnik	Мајор Major		Капетан прве класе Kapetan prve klase	Капетан Kapetan	Поручник Poručnik		Потпоручник Potporučnik
Slovak Air Force^[31] v t e
Slovak Air Force^[31] v t e		Generál		Generálporučík^[a]	Generálmajor	Brigádny generál	Plukovník	Podplukovník	Major		Kapitán		Nadporučík		Poručík
Slovenian Air Force and Air Defence^[32] v t e
Slovenian Air Force and Air Defence^[32] v t e		General polkovnik		Generalpodpolkovnik	Generalmajor	Brigadni general	Polkovnik	Podpolkovnik	Major		Stotnik		Nadporočnik		Poročnik
Spanish Air and Space Force^[33] v t e
Spanish Air and Space Force^[33] v t e	Capitán general	General del aire		Teniente general	General de división	General de brigada	Coronel	Teniente coronel	Comandante		Capitán		Teniente		Alférez
Swedish Air Force^[34] v t e
Swedish Air Force^[34] v t e		General		Generallöjtnant	Generalmajor	Brigadgeneral	Överste	Överstelöjtnant	Major		Kapten		Löjtnant		Fänrik
Swiss Air Force^[35] v t e
		General		Korpskommandant	Divisionär	Brigadier	Oberst	Oberstleutnant	Major		Hauptmann		Oberleutnant		Leutnant
		Général		Commandant de corps	Divisionnaire	Brigadier	Colonel	Lieutenant-colonel	Major		Capitaine		Premier-lieutenant		Lieutenant
Turkish Air Force^[36] v t e																				Various ^[b]
Turkish Air Force^[36] v t e	Mareşal	Genelkurmay başkanlığı	Orgeneral	Korgeneral	Tümgeneral	Tuğgeneral	Albay	Yarbay	Binbaşı		Yüzbaşı		Üsteğmen	Teğmen		Asteğmen				Harbiyeli
Ukrainian Air Force^[37] v t e
Ukrainian Air Force^[37] v t e		Генерал Heneral		Генерал-лейтенант Heneral-leytenant	Генерал-майор Heneral-mayor	Бригадний генерал Bryhadnyy heneral	Полковник Polkovnyk	Підполковник Pidpolkovnyk	Майор Mayor		Капітан Kapitan		Старший лейтенант Starshyy leytenant	Лейтенант Leytenant		Молодший лейтенант Molodshyy leytenant
Royal Air Force^[38] v t e
Royal Air Force^[38] v t e	Marshal of the RAF	Air chief marshal		Air marshal	Air vice-marshal	Air commodore	Group captain	Wing commander	Squadron leader		Flight lieutenant		Flying officer		Pilot officer /acting pilot officer		Officer cadet
Vatican City	No air force
Rank group	General / flag officers						Senior officers				Junior officers						Officer cadet

Notes edit

^ The appropriate branch of service badge is pinned just under the top button of the for all ranks excluding full General.
^ Student officer insignia designates school grade rather than military seniority.

References edit

^ "GRADAT, FORCA AJRORE" (PDF). aaf.mil.al (in Albanian). Archived from the original on 28 April 2021. Retrieved 25 May 2021.
^ "Dienstgrade". bundesheer.at (in German). Federal Ministry of Defence (Austria). Retrieved 25 May 2021.
^ "Указ Президента Республики Беларусь от 21.07.2009 N 388 "О военной форме одежды, знаках различия по воинским званиям и внесении дополнений в Указ Президента Республики Беларусь от 9 июня 2006 г. N 383"". pravo.levonevsky.org/ (in Russian). Government of Belarus. Retrieved 30 May 2021.
^ "IPR Luchtcomponent". mil.be (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 20 February 2005. Retrieved 25 November 2021.
^ "ЗАКОН ЗА ОТБРАНАТА И ВЪОРЪЖЕНИТЕ СИЛИ НА РЕПУБЛИКА БЪЛГАРИЯ". lex.bg (in Bulgarian). Глава седма. ВОЕННА СЛУЖБА. 12 May 2009. Retrieved 25 May 2021.
^ "Oznake činova". osrh.hr (in Croatian). Republic of Croatia Armed Forces. 1 April 2019. Retrieved 26 May 2021.
^ "Βαθμοί" [Ranks]. army.gov.cy (in Greek). Cypriot National Guard. Retrieved 26 May 2021.
^ "Ranks". army.cz. Ministry of Defence of the Czech Republic. 2018. Retrieved 26 May 2021.
^ "Flyvevåbnets Gradstegn" (PDF). forsvaret.dk (in Danish). Danish Defence. October 2021. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
^ "Sümboolika: Õhuväe Auastmed". mil.ee (in Estonian). Estonian Defence Forces. Retrieved 26 May 2021.
^ "Les grades" (PDF). defense.gouv.fr (in French). Ministry of Armed Forces (France). Retrieved 4 June 2021.
^ "Sotilasarvot Puolustusvoimissa" [Military ranks in the Defense Forces]. puolustusvoimat.fi (in Finnish). Finnish Defence Forces. Retrieved 26 May 2021.
^ "სამხედრო წოდებები და ინსიგნიები" [Military Ranks and Insignia]. mod.gov.ge (in Georgian). Ministry of Defense of Georgia. Retrieved 12 March 2018.
^ "Dienstgradabzeichen Luftwaffe". bundeswehr.de (in German). Bundeswehr. Retrieved 30 May 2021.
^ "Διακριτικά" [Ranks]. haf.gr (in Greek). Hellenic Air Force. Retrieved 26 May 2021.
^ Andrea, Kánya (6 May 2009). "A gallér és az ötágú csillag". honvedelem.hu (in Hungarian). Hungarian Defence Forces. Retrieved 26 May 2021.
^ "Air Corps Rank Markings". military.ie. Defence Forces (Ireland). Archived from the original on 25 April 2016. Retrieved 26 May 2021.
^ "Distintivi di Grado". Regolamento sull'uniforme (OD-4) (PDF) (in Italian). 2012. pp. 173–175. Retrieved 26 September 2021.
^ "Pakāpju iedalījums". mil.lv/lv (in Latvian). Latvian National Armed Forces. Retrieved 26 May 2021.
^ "Kariniai laipsniai" [Military Ranks]. Lithuanian Army (in Lithuanian). Retrieved 30 June 2023.
^ "УРЕДБА ЗА ОЗНАКИТЕ ЗА УНИФОРМИТЕ НА АРМИЈАТА НА РЕПУБЛИКА СЕВЕРНА МАКЕДОНИЈА" [Regulation on the Markings for the Uniforms of the Army of the Republic Northern of Macedonia]. dejure.mk (in Macedonian). 12 November 2020. Retrieved 24 May 2021.
^ "Epoleţi". army.md (in Romanian). Ministry of Defense. Retrieved 26 May 2021.
^ "IV. Izgled Činova u Vojsci". Official Gazette of Montenegro (in Montenegrin). 50/10: 22–28. 16 August 2010. Retrieved 17 September 2021.
^ "De rangonderscheidingstekens van de krijgsmacht" (PDF) (in Dutch). Ministry of Defence (Netherlands). 19 December 2016. Retrieved 18 March 2021.
^ "Militære grader" [Military ranks]. forsvaret.no (in Norwegian). Norwegian Armed Forces. 13 October 2023. Archived from the original on 26 November 2023. Retrieved 26 November 2023.
^ "Sposób noszenia odznak stopni wojskowych na umundurowaniu wojsk Lądowych i sił Powietrznych" (PDF). wojsko-polskie.pl (in Polish). Armed Forces Support Inspectorate. Retrieved 7 June 2021.
^ "Postos e Distintivos". emfa.pt (in Portuguese). Portuguese Air Force. Retrieved 29 April 2021.
^ "Grade militare (Military ranks)". defense.ro (in Romanian). Romanian Defence Staff. Retrieved 1 February 2021.
^ "Указ Президента Российской Федерации от 11 марта 2010 года № 293 "О военной форме одежды, знаках различия военнослужащих и ведомственных знаках отличия"". rg.ru (in Russian). Российской газеты. 12 March 2010. Retrieved 26 May 2021.
^ "ЧИНОВИ У ВОЈСЦИ СРБИЈЕ". vs.rs (in Serbian). Serbian Armed Forces. Retrieved 7 June 2021.
^ "Označenie vojenských hodností príslušníkov Ozbrojených síl Slovenskej republiky od 1.1.2016" [Designation of military ranks of members of the Armed Forces of the Slovak Republic from 1.1.2016]. vhu.sk (in Slovak). Military History Institute. Retrieved 12 April 2021.
^ "Čini in razredi". slovenskavojska.si (in Slovenian). Slovenian Armed Forces. Retrieved 26 May 2021.
^ "Army Ranks & Insignia". Ejército de Tierra. Ministry of Defence (Spain). Retrieved 30 May 2021.
^ "Försvarsmaktens Gradbeteckningar" (PDF). Försvarsmakten (in Swedish). Swedish Armed Forces. 2 January 2014. Retrieved 13 March 2024.
^ "Gradabzeichen und Farben der Achselschlaufen". vtg.admin.ch (in German). Swiss Army. Retrieved 27 May 2021.
^ "Rütbeleri". Official air force (in Turkish). Retrieved 1 March 2021.
^ "Наказ від 04.11.2020 № 398". ips.ligazakon.net (in Ukrainian). Ministry of Justice of Ukraine. 4 November 2020. Retrieved 13 January 2024.
^ "RAF Ranks". raf.mod.uk/. Royal Air Force. Retrieved 21 September 2021.

[Solvak_General-32] The appropriate branch of service badge is pinned just under the top button of the for all ranks excluding full General.

[Turkey_Student-38] Student officer insignia designates school grade rather than military seniority.

[Albanian_AirForce-1] "GRADAT, FORCA AJRORE" (PDF). aaf.mil.al (in Albanian). Archived from the original on 28 April 2021. Retrieved 25 May 2021.

[Austria_Army-2] "Dienstgrade". bundesheer.at (in German). Federal Ministry of Defence (Austria). Retrieved 25 May 2021.

[Belarus-3] "Указ Президента Республики Беларусь от 21.07.2009 N 388 "О военной форме одежды, знаках различия по воинским званиям и внесении дополнений в Указ Президента Республики Беларусь от 9 июня 2006 г. N 383"". pravo.levonevsky.org/ (in Russian). Government of Belarus. Retrieved 30 May 2021.

[Belgium_AirForce-4] "IPR Luchtcomponent". mil.be (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 20 February 2005. Retrieved 25 November 2021.

[Bulgaria-5] "ЗАКОН ЗА ОТБРАНАТА И ВЪОРЪЖЕНИТЕ СИЛИ НА РЕПУБЛИКА БЪЛГАРИЯ". lex.bg (in Bulgarian). Глава седма. ВОЕННА СЛУЖБА. 12 May 2009. Retrieved 25 May 2021.

[Croatia-6] "Oznake činova". osrh.hr (in Croatian). Republic of Croatia Armed Forces. 1 April 2019. Retrieved 26 May 2021.

[Cyprus-7] "Βαθμοί" [Ranks]. army.gov.cy (in Greek). Cypriot National Guard. Retrieved 26 May 2021.

[Czech_Republic-8] "Ranks". army.cz. Ministry of Defence of the Czech Republic. 2018. Retrieved 26 May 2021.

[Denmark_AirForce-9] "Flyvevåbnets Gradstegn" (PDF). forsvaret.dk (in Danish). Danish Defence. October 2021. Retrieved 22 August 2021.

[Estonia_AirForce-10] "Sümboolika: Õhuväe Auastmed". mil.ee (in Estonian). Estonian Defence Forces. Retrieved 26 May 2021.

[France_AirForce-11] "Les grades" (PDF). defense.gouv.fr (in French). Ministry of Armed Forces (France). Retrieved 4 June 2021.

[Finland-12] "Sotilasarvot Puolustusvoimissa" [Military ranks in the Defense Forces]. puolustusvoimat.fi (in Finnish). Finnish Defence Forces. Retrieved 26 May 2021.

[Georgia-13] "სამხედრო წოდებები და ინსიგნიები" [Military Ranks and Insignia]. mod.gov.ge (in Georgian). Ministry of Defense of Georgia. Retrieved 12 March 2018.

[Germany_AirForce-14] "Dienstgradabzeichen Luftwaffe". bundeswehr.de (in German). Bundeswehr. Retrieved 30 May 2021.

[Greece_AirForce-15] "Διακριτικά" [Ranks]. haf.gr (in Greek). Hellenic Air Force. Retrieved 26 May 2021.

[Hungary-16] Andrea, Kánya (6 May 2009). "A gallér és az ötágú csillag". honvedelem.hu (in Hungarian). Hungarian Defence Forces. Retrieved 26 May 2021.

[Ireland_AirForce-17] "Air Corps Rank Markings". military.ie. Defence Forces (Ireland). Archived from the original on 25 April 2016. Retrieved 26 May 2021.

[Italy_AirForce-18] "Distintivi di Grado". Regolamento sull'uniforme (OD-4) (PDF) (in Italian). 2012. pp. 173–175. Retrieved 26 September 2021.

[Latvia-19] "Pakāpju iedalījums". mil.lv/lv (in Latvian). Latvian National Armed Forces. Retrieved 26 May 2021.

[Lithuania-20] "Kariniai laipsniai" [Military Ranks]. Lithuanian Army (in Lithuanian). Retrieved 30 June 2023.

[NorthMacedonia-21] "УРЕДБА ЗА ОЗНАКИТЕ ЗА УНИФОРМИТЕ НА АРМИЈАТА НА РЕПУБЛИКА СЕВЕРНА МАКЕДОНИЈА" [Regulation on the Markings for the Uniforms of the Army of the Republic Northern of Macedonia]. dejure.mk (in Macedonian). 12 November 2020. Retrieved 24 May 2021.

[Moldova-22] "Epoleţi". army.md (in Romanian). Ministry of Defense. Retrieved 26 May 2021.

[Montenegro-23] "IV. Izgled Činova u Vojsci". Official Gazette of Montenegro (in Montenegrin). 50/10: 22–28. 16 August 2010. Retrieved 17 September 2021.

[Netherlands-24] "De rangonderscheidingstekens van de krijgsmacht" (PDF) (in Dutch). Ministry of Defence (Netherlands). 19 December 2016. Retrieved 18 March 2021.

[Norway-25] "Militære grader" [Military ranks]. forsvaret.no (in Norwegian). Norwegian Armed Forces. 13 October 2023. Archived from the original on 26 November 2023. Retrieved 26 November 2023.

[Poland_Army&AirForce-26] "Sposób noszenia odznak stopni wojskowych na umundurowaniu wojsk Lądowych i sił Powietrznych" (PDF). wojsko-polskie.pl (in Polish). Armed Forces Support Inspectorate. Retrieved 7 June 2021.

[Portugal-AirForce-27] "Postos e Distintivos". emfa.pt (in Portuguese). Portuguese Air Force. Retrieved 29 April 2021.

[Romania-28] "Grade militare (Military ranks)". defense.ro (in Romanian). Romanian Defence Staff. Retrieved 1 February 2021.

[Russia_Army&AirForce-29] "Указ Президента Российской Федерации от 11 марта 2010 года № 293 "О военной форме одежды, знаках различия военнослужащих и ведомственных знаках отличия"". rg.ru (in Russian). Российской газеты. 12 March 2010. Retrieved 26 May 2021.

[Serbia-30] "ЧИНОВИ У ВОЈСЦИ СРБИЈЕ". vs.rs (in Serbian). Serbian Armed Forces. Retrieved 7 June 2021.

[Slovakia-31] "Označenie vojenských hodností príslušníkov Ozbrojených síl Slovenskej republiky od 1.1.2016" [Designation of military ranks of members of the Armed Forces of the Slovak Republic from 1.1.2016]. vhu.sk (in Slovak). Military History Institute. Retrieved 12 April 2021.

[Slovenia-33] "Čini in razredi". slovenskavojska.si (in Slovenian). Slovenian Armed Forces. Retrieved 26 May 2021.

[Spain-34] "Army Ranks & Insignia". Ejército de Tierra. Ministry of Defence (Spain). Retrieved 30 May 2021.

[Sweden-35] "Försvarsmaktens Gradbeteckningar" (PDF). Försvarsmakten (in Swedish). Swedish Armed Forces. 2 January 2014. Retrieved 13 March 2024.

[Switzerland-36] "Gradabzeichen und Farben der Achselschlaufen". vtg.admin.ch (in German). Swiss Army. Retrieved 27 May 2021.

[Turkey_AirForce-37] "Rütbeleri". Official air force (in Turkish). Retrieved 1 March 2021.

[Ukraine-39] "Наказ від 04.11.2020 № 398". ips.ligazakon.net (in Ukrainian). Ministry of Justice of Ukraine. 4 November 2020. Retrieved 13 January 2024.

[UK_AirForce-40] "RAF Ranks". raf.mod.uk/. Royal Air Force. Retrieved 21 September 2021.

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Comparative air force officer ranks of Europe

Contents

Commissioned officer ranks edit

See also edit

Notes edit

References edit