Alférez or alferes is a junior officer rank in the militaries of some Hispanophone and Lusophone countries.
The name originates from al-fāris (Arabic: الفارس), meaning "the knight", "the horseman" or "the cavalryman".[citation needed] However, today the rank is often translated as ensign, sub-lieutenant or second lieutenant.[citation needed]
The rank was first used by Iberian armies during the reconquista in the Middle Ages, being associated to the officer responsible for the carrying of a unit flag. During that time alférez was the leader of the retinue of a king or high-ranking nobleman. The famous warrior El Cid was the alférez of King Alfonso VI of Castile and Alfonso Núñez was the alférez of Duke Raymond of Galicia.[citation needed]
Argentina
editIn Argentina, the rank of alférez is used by both the air force and the gendarmerie. It is, however, used differently in the two services. The air force uses the rank for newly qualified officers, while the gendarmerie uses alférez ranks as an equivalent for the army's "lieutenant" ranks.
The other armed forces of Argentina do not use the rank of ensign.
| Argentine Air Force rank | Argentine Gendarmerie rank | Equivalent Commonwealth ranks for comparison |
|---|---|---|
| ------------- | ------------- | ------------- |
| Alférez | Sub-Alférez | Acting pilot officer / second lieutenant |
| Lieutenant | Alférez | Pilot officer / second lieutenant |
| First Lieutenant | First alférez | Flying officer / lieutenant |
Chile
editIn Chile, an officer cadet is known as a sub-alférez. On graduating from officer training, he becomes an alférez for a year while carrying out training specific to his branch. After this, the alférez is promoted to sub-lieutenant.
Peru
editFrigate alférez is the lowest naval officer rank.
Philippines
editThe rank of alférez, locally spelled as alpéres, was also used by the Philippine Revolutionary Army during the Philippine Revolution and Philippine–American War. It is the lowest commissioned officer rank and is interchangeable with second lieutenant (Spanish: segundo teniente; Tagalog: ikalawang tenyente) on the service.
Alpéres shoulder insignia
Philippine Revolutionary Army
Spain
editAlférez is the lowest officer rank in Spain, immediately below lieutenant. It's also the entry level for Voluntary Reservists.[1]
| OF-1 | |||
|---|---|---|---|
 Spanish Army[2] |  | ||
| Alférez | |||
| Spanish Navy[2] |  |  | |
| Alférez de navío | Alférez de fragata | ||
| Spanish Air and Space Force[2] | .svg) | ||
| Alférez | |||
Dominican Republic
editAlférez is used in the Dominican Navy, with frigate alférez (second lieutenant) and ship alférez (first lieutenant) being the lowest naval officer ranks.
Venezuela
editAlférez in Venezuela's Armed Forces is the last rank of a cadet in the three land academies of officers: Army, Air Force and National Guard. The naval academy uses for its last rank "midshipman" or "guardiamarina".
Gallery
editArmy insignia
edit![Alférez (Chilean Army)[3]](https://www.how.com.vn/wiki/en/File:SS.OO.1.EJER.ALF%C3%89REZ.svg)
![Alferes (Portuguese Army)[4]](https://www.how.com.vn/wiki/en/File:Army-POR-OF-01b.svg)
![Alférez (National Army of Uruguay)[5]](https://www.how.com.vn/wiki/en/File:Blank.svg){kind=small}
References
edit- ^ "Reservistas Voluntarios". ejército de tierra la fuerza de los valores. Retrieved 15 May 2024.
- ^ a b c d "Army Ranks & Insignia". ejercito.defensa.gob.es. Ministry of Defence (Spain). Retrieved 30 May 2021.
- ^ "Distintivos de grados" [Badges of degrees]. ejercito.cl (in Spanish). Chilean Army. Archived from the original on 20 January 2012. Retrieved 20 January 2012.
- ^ "POSTOS E DISTINTIVOS EXÉRCITO". antigo.mdn.gov.pt (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on 1 March 2010. Retrieved 30 May 2021.
- ^ Hudson, Rex A.; Meditz, Sandra W., eds. (1992). "Chapter 5. National Security". Uruguay: A Country Study (PDF) (2nd ed.). Federal Research Division, Library of Congress. pp. 222–223. ISBN 0-8444-0737-2. Retrieved 13 June 2021.