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Brighton (UK Parliament constituency)

Brighton was a parliamentary constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1832 until it was divided into single-member seats from the 1950 United Kingdom general election. Covering the seaside towns of Brighton and Hove in East Sussex, it elected two Members of Parliament (MP) by the block vote system of election.

Brighton
Former Borough constituency
for the House of Commons
County1832–1888: Sussex
1888–1950: East Sussex
Major settlementsBrighton
1832–1950
SeatsTwo
Created fromSussex
Replaced byBrighton Kemptown, Brighton Pavilion and Hove

History

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The constituency was created by the Reform Act 1832 for the 1832 general election. The constituency was based on the south coast seaside resort town of Brighton.

When it was proposed to enfranchise Brighton a Tory observed in Parliament that it would represent merely "toffy (sic), lemonade and jelly shops". Charles Seymour suggests he "obviously feared the Whig proclivities of the numerous tradespeople established there".[1]

The first representatives of the constituency were of radical opinions. Isaac Newton Wigney (MP 1832–1839 and 1841–1842) was described as being of "Whig opinions inclining to radicalism, in favour of the ballot, and pledged himself to resign his seat whenever his constituents called upon him so to do". His colleague, the Nonconformist preacher and attorney George Faithfull (MP 1832–1835), went much further. He advocated "the immediate abolition of slavery, of all unmerited pensions and sinecures, the standing army, all useless expense, the Corn Laws, and every other monopoly. He said that if the extent of suffrage at that time was not found efficient he would vote for universal suffrage: and if triennial Parliaments did not succeed, would vote for having them annually; he was an advocate of the ballot".[2]

Seymour provides figures for the voting qualification of Brighton electors, following the Reform Act 1867. The town was one of six boroughs in England where the £10 occupiers, enfranchised in 1832, were much more numerous than the householders who received the vote under the 1867 Act. There were 7,590 £10 occupiers and only 944 householders on the electoral register.[1]

Members of Parliament for the constituency, after the first two, were of more conventional views; but most elections were won by the Liberal Party until 1884. In 1884 the Liberal MP, William Marriott, broke with his party as he disagreed with Prime Minister Gladstone's foreign and Egyptian policy. Marriott resigned his seat and was re-elected as a Conservative. From that time onwards the Liberal Party never won an election in the constituency, except for a by-election in 1905 and both seats in the landslide victory of 1906. Apart from those few years of liberal strength, Brighton became a safe Conservative constituency.

The 1931 election of Sir Cooper Rawson holds the record for the largest majority ever received at a general election (62,253), as well as the most votes received by an individual (75,205).[3]

Boundaries

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The constituency was defined in the Parliamentary Boundaries Act 1832 as comprising the "respective Parishes of Brighthelmstone and Hove".[4] The act named the parliamentary borough as "Brighthelmstone", but the name "Brighton" was invariably used.[5]

The two parishes were adjacent coastal resorts in the historic county of Sussex in South East England. Brighton obtained a charter of incorporation to become a municipal borough in 1854, while Hove formed a local board of health in 1858, becoming a borough forty years later. These changes in local government made no changes to the boundaries of the constituency.[6] Under the Representation of the People Act 1867 the constituency was enlarged to include the Preston area which fell inside Brighton's municipal boundaries.[6]

These boundaries were used until the 1918 general election when seats were redefined in terms of the local government areas then in existence. The parliamentary borough was defined as consisting of the County Borough of Brighton and the Municipal Borough of Hove. The constituency was enlarged to include Aldrington which lay with Hove's borough boundaries.[6]

Under the Representation of the People Act 1948 the remaining multi-member constituencies were abolished and replaced with single-member ones from the 1950 election. The County Borough of Brighton was divided into Brighton Kemptown and Brighton Pavilion. The Municipal Borough of Hove, which had also been included in the old Brighton seat was combined with Portslade by Sea Urban District to form the new Hove constituency.[6]

Members of Parliament

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Election1st Member1st Party2nd Member2nd Party
1832Isaac WigneyRadical[7][8][9]George FaithfullRadical[7][10]
1835George Pechell
(from 1849 Sir George Brook-Pechell, Bt)		Whig[11][8][12][7][10]
1837Sir Adolphus DalrympleConservative[7][10]
1841Isaac WigneyRadical[7][8][9]
1842Lord Alfred HerveyConservative[7][10]
1857William ConinghamRadical[8][13][14]
1860LiberalJames WhiteLiberal
1864Henry MoorConservative
1865Henry FawcettLiberal
1874James Lloyd AshburyConservativeCharles Cameron ShuteConservative
1880John Robert HollondLiberalRt Hon. Sir William Thackeray Marriott 1Liberal
1884Conservative
1885David SmithConservative
1886Sir William Tindal RobertsonConservative
1889Gerald LoderConservative
1893Bruce Vernon-WentworthConservative
1905 (5 April 1905)Ernest VilliersLiberal
1906Aurelian RidsdaleLiberal
1910Rt Hon. George TryonConservativeHon. Walter RiceConservative
1911John GordonConservative
1914Charles Thomas-StanfordConservative
1918Coalition ConservativeCoalition Conservative
1922ConservativeCooper RawsonConservative
1940Lord Erskine 2Conservative
1941Anthony MarloweConservative
1944William TeelingConservative
1950constituency divided – see Brighton Kemptown, Brighton Pavilion and Hove

Notes:-

  • 1 Marriott resigned his seat as a Liberal MP in February 1884, because of dissatisfaction with the foreign and Egyptian policy of the Liberal government. He was re-elected in March 1884 as a Conservative candidate.
  • 2 Lord Erskine was a courtesy title. He was the heir apparent of The 12th Earl of Mar and 14th Earl of Kellie, but as he died before his father he never inherited the hereditary titles of his family.

Elections

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1940s –1930s –1920s –1910s –1900s –1890s –1880s –1870s –1860s –1850s –1840s –1830s –See also –Notes –Further reading –References

Elections in the 1940s

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1945 general election: Brighton[15][16]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
ConservativeWilliam Teeling 49,339 30.8 −7.4
ConservativeAnthony Marlowe 49,026 30.6 −7.4
LabourJoseph Taylor Huddart[17]31,07419.4+7.3
LabourGH Barnard30,84419.2+7.5
Majority17,95211.2−14.7
Turnout160,28364.3+2.6
Registered electors124,714
Conservative hold
Conservative hold
1944 Brighton by-election[16]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
ConservativeWilliam Teeling 14,594 53.6 −22.6
National IndependentBruce Dutton Briant12,63546.4New
Majority1,9597.2−18.7
Turnout27,22922.1−39.6
Registered electors123,310
Conservative hold
1941 Brighton by-election[16]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
ConservativeAnthony MarloweUnopposed
Conservative hold
1940 Brighton by-election[16]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
ConservativeJohn ErskineUnopposed
Conservative hold

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Elections in the 1930s

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General election 1935: Brighton[16]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
ConservativeGeorge Tryon 60,913 38.2 −4.5
ConservativeCooper Rawson 60,724 38.0 −4.6
LabourAlban Gordon19,28712.1+4.7
LabourLewis Cohen18,74311.7+4.4
Majority41,43725.9−9.3
Turnout159,66761.7−6.6
Registered electors129,356
Conservative hold
Conservative hold
General election 1931: Brighton[16]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
ConservativeCooper Rawson 75,205 42.7 +13.6
ConservativeGeorge Tryon 74,993 42.6 +13.6
LabourLewis Cohen12,9527.4−4.8
Labour Co-opRosalind Moore[18]12,8787.3−4.4
Majority62,04135.2+18.4
Turnout176,02868.3+3.2
Registered electors128,779
Conservative hold
Conservative hold

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Elections in the 1920s

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Cyril Dallow
General election 1929: Brighton[16]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
UnionistCooper Rawson 46,515 29.1 −13.2
UnionistGeorge Tryon 46,287 29.0 −13.5
LabourLaurence S Cheshire[19]19,49412.2−3.0
LabourWilliam McLaine18,77011.7N/A
LiberalCyril Berkeley Dallow14,7709.3New
LiberalJohn Brudenell-Bruce13,8168.7New
Majority26,79316.8−10.3
Turnout159,65265.1+9.9
Registered electors122,641
Unionist hold
Unionist hold
General election 1924: Brighton[16]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
UnionistGeorge Tryon 39,387 42.5 +15.7
UnionistCooper Rawson 39,253 42.3 +15.8
LabourAlban Gordon14,07215.2+6.7
Majority25,18127.1+16.1
Turnout92,71255.2−13.0
Registered electors83,980
Unionist hold
Unionist hold
General election 1923: Brighton[16]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
UnionistGeorge Tryon 30,137 26.8 −5.2
UnionistCooper Rawson 29,759 26.5 −3.5
LiberalWalter Runciman17,46215.5−9.2
LiberalHenry Lunn16,56714.7N/A
LabourAlban Gordon9,5458.5New
LabourHerbert Carden9,0408.0New
Majority12,29711.0+5.7
Turnout112,51068.2+12.8
Registered electors82,475
Unionist hold
Unionist hold
Fry
General election 1922: Brighton[16]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
UnionistGeorge Tryon 28,549 32.0 −7.7
UnionistCooper Rawson 26,844 30.0 −9.2
LiberalC. B. Fry22,05924.7N/A
Ind. UnionistHarry Wheater[20]11,91313.3New
Majority4,7855.3−23.1
Turnout89,36555.4+5.1
Registered electors80,674
Unionist hold
Unionist hold

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Elections in the 1910s

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General election 1918: Brighton[16][note 1][21]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
CUnionistGeorge Tryon32,95839.7+8.9
CUnionistCharles Thomas-Stanford32,56139.2+8.4
LabourThomas Lewis8,97110.8New
LabourGeorge William Alfred Canter8,51410.3New
Majority23,59028.4+16.8
Turnout83,00450.3−31.6
Registered electors82,449
Unionist hold
Unionist hold
C indicates candidate endorsed by the coalition government.
1914 Brighton by-election[22][note 2]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
UnionistCharles Thomas-StanfordUnopposed
Unionist hold
1911 Brighton by-election[22][note 3]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
ConservativeJohn GordonUnopposed
Conservative hold
General election December 1910: Brighton[22]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
ConservativeGeorge Tryon 10,780 30.8 +0.4
ConservativeWalter Rice 10,757 30.8 +0.5
LiberalAlfred Morris[23]6,72319.2−0.5
LiberalMorres Nickalls[24]6,69919.2−0.4
Majority4,03411.6+1.0
Turnout4,03481.9-7.4
Registered electors21,427
Conservative hold
Conservative hold
General election January 1910: Brighton[22]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
ConservativeGeorge Tryon 11,625 30.4 +6.6
ConservativeWalter Rice 11,567 30.3 +6.5
LiberalGeorge Evatt[25]7,50619.7−6.7
LiberalMorres Nickalls[26]7,47219.6−6.4
Majority4,15310.8N/A
Majority4,06110.6N/A
Turnout38,17089.3+6.8
Registered electors21,427
Conservative gain from Liberal
Conservative gain from Liberal

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Elections in the 1900s

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Ridsdale
General election 1906: Brighton[22][note 4]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
LiberalErnest Villiers 9,062 26.4 N/A
LiberalAurelian Ridsdale 8,919 26.0 N/A
ConservativeGeorge Tryon8,18823.8−17.1
ConservativeJohn Gordon8,17623.8−10.8
Majority7312.2N/A
Majority8862.6N/A
Turnout34,34582.5+20.3
Registered electors20,976
Liberal gain from Conservative
Liberal gain from Conservative
Villiers
1905 Brighton by-election[22][note 5]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
LiberalErnest Villiers 8,209 52.6 New
ConservativeGerald Loder7,39247.4−28.1
Majority8175.2N/A
Turnout15,60176.3+14.1
Registered electors20,439
Liberal gain from Conservative
General election 1900: Brighton[22]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
ConservativeGerald Loder 7,858 40.9 +2.4
ConservativeBruce Vernon-Wentworth 6,626 34.6 −2.0
Independent ProtestantJohn Kensit4,69324.5New
Majority1,93310.1-1.6
Turnout19,17762.2-12.2
Registered electors18,634
Conservative hold
Conservative hold

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Elections in the 1890s

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General election 1895: Brighton[22][note 6]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
ConservativeGerald Loder 7,878 38.5 +0.2
ConservativeBruce Vernon-Wentworth 7,490 36.6 +1.6
LiberalJoseph Ewart[7]5,08224.9−1.8
Majority2,40811.7+3.4
Turnout20,45074.4-1.8
Registered electors17,083
Conservative hold
Conservative hold
By-election, 14 December 1893[22][note 7]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
ConservativeBruce Vernon-WentworthUnopposed
Conservative hold
General election 1892: Brighton[22][note 8]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
ConservativeGerald Loder 7,807 38.3 −2.9
ConservativeWilliam Thackeray Marriott 7,134 35.0 −5.6
LiberalFrederick William Maude5,44826.7+8.5
Majority1,6868.3-14.1
Turnout20,38976.2+18.4
Registered electors16,883
Conservative hold
Conservative hold

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Elections in the 1880s

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1889 Brighton by-election[22][note 9]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
ConservativeGerald Loder 7,132 60.7 −21.1
LiberalRobert Peel4,62539.3+21.1
Majority2,50721.4−1.0
Turnout11,75776.8+19.0
Registered electors15,307
Conservative holdSwing−21.1
By-election, 29 November 1886[22][note 10]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
ConservativeWilliam Tindal RobertsonUnopposed
Conservative hold
By-election, 11 August 1886[22][note 11]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
ConservativeWilliam Thackeray MarriottUnopposed
Conservative hold
General election 1886: Brighton[22]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
ConservativeDavid Smith 5,963 41.2 +11.7
ConservativeWilliam Thackeray Marriott 5,875 40.6 +11.1
LiberalWilliam Hall[27]2,63318.2−22.8
Majority3,24222.4+13.5
Turnout8,57757.8-23.2
Registered electors14,848
Conservative hold
Conservative hold
General election 1885: Brighton[22]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
ConservativeWilliam Thackeray Marriott 7,047 29.5 +4.8
ConservativeDavid Smith 7,019 29.5 +5.2
LiberalJohn Webb Probyn4,89920.6−4.9
LiberalJohn Robert Hollond4,86520.4−5.2
Majority2,1829.1N/A
Majority2,1208.9N/A
Turnout12,02181.0+3.8 (est)
Registered electors14,848
Conservative gain from LiberalSwing+4.9
Conservative gain from LiberalSwing+5.2
By-election, 10 Jul 1885: Brighton[28]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
ConservativeWilliam Thackeray MarriottUnopposed
Conservative gain from Liberal
By-election, 3 Mar 1884: Brighton[28]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
ConservativeWilliam Thackeray Marriott 5,478 57.7 +8.7
LiberalRobert Romer4,02142.3−8.8
Majority1,45715.4N/A
Turnout9,49971.2−6.0 (est)
Registered electors13,340
Conservative gain from LiberalSwing+8.8
  • Caused by Marriott's decision to seek re-election as a Conservative.
General election 1880: Brighton[28]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
LiberalJohn Robert Hollond 4,913 25.6 +3.1
LiberalWilliam Thackeray Marriott 4,904 25.5 +4.4
ConservativeJames Lloyd Ashbury4,73924.7−4.8
ConservativeEdward Field[29]4,66424.3−2.6
Majority2491.3N/A
Majority1650.8N/A
Turnout9,610 (est)77.2 (est)+4.5
Registered electors12,454
Liberal gain from ConservativeSwing+4.0
Liberal gain from ConservativeSwing+3.5

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Elections in the 1870s

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General election 1874: Brighton[28]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
ConservativeJames Lloyd Ashbury 4,393 29.5 +3.0
ConservativeCharles Cameron Shute 3,995 26.9 +15.7
LiberalJames White3,35122.5−7.9
LiberalHenry Fawcett3,13021.1−6.9
Majority1,2639.4N/A
Majority6444.4N/A
Turnout7,435 (est)72.7 (est)+9.2
Registered electors10,228
Conservative gain from LiberalSwing+5.5
Conservative gain from LiberalSwing+11.3

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Elections in the 1860s

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General election 1868: Brighton[28]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
LiberalJames White 3,342 30.4 −8.6
LiberalHenry Fawcett 3,081 28.0 −5.9
ConservativeJames Lloyd Ashbury2,91726.5+12.9
ConservativeHenry Moor1,23211.2−2.4
LiberalWilliam Coningham4323.9N/A
Majority1641.5−5.3
Turnout5,502 (est)63.5 (est)−20.1
Registered electors10,228
Liberal holdSwing−10.8
Liberal holdSwing−1.8
General election 1865: Brighton[28]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
LiberalJames White 3,065 39.0 −1.3
LiberalHenry Fawcett 2,665 33.9 −2.7
ConservativeHenry Moor2,13427.1+4.0
Majority5316.8−6.7
Turnout4,999 (est)83.6 (est)+0.8
Registered electors5,978
Liberal holdSwing−1.7
Liberal holdSwing−2.4
By-election, 16 Feb 1864: Brighton[28]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
ConservativeHenry Moor 1,663 39.3 +16.2
LiberalHenry Fawcett1,46834.7N/A
LiberalJulian Goldsmid77518.3N/A
LiberalFrancis Kuper Dumas[30]2465.8N/A
IndependentEdward Harper[31]821.9New
Majority1954.6N/A
Turnout4,23477.9−4.9
Registered electors5,434
Conservative gain from LiberalSwing
  • Caused by Coningham's resignation.
By-election, 16 Jul 1860: Brighton[28]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
LiberalJames White 1,588 47.0 +6.7
ConservativeHenry Moor1,24236.8+13.7
LiberalFrederick Goldsmid[32]54816.2-20.4
Majority34610.2−3.3
Turnout3,37870.6−12.2
Registered electors4,786
Liberal holdSwing
  • Caused by Pechell's death.

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Elections in the 1850s

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General election 1859: Brighton[28]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
LiberalGeorge Brooke-Pechell 2,322 40.3 −3.0
LiberalWilliam Coningham 2,106 36.6 +0.5
ConservativeAllan MacNab1,32723.1+2.6
Majority77913.5−2.1
Turnout3,541 (est)82.8 (est)+2.3
Registered electors4,277
Liberal holdSwing−2.2
Liberal holdSwing−0.4
General election 1857: Brighton[28]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
WhigGeorge Brooke-Pechell 2,278 43.3 +1.9
RadicalWilliam Coningham 1,900 36.1 +8.3
ConservativeAlfred Hervey1,08020.5−10.3
Turnout3,169 (est)80.5 (est)−2.2
Registered electors3,936
Majority3787.2−3.4
Whig holdSwing+3.5
Majority82015.6N/A
Radical gain from ConservativeSwing+6.7
By-election, 4 January 1853: Brighton[28]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
ConservativeAlfred HerveyUnopposed
Conservative hold
General election 1852: Brighton[28][33]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
WhigGeorge Brooke-Pechell 1,924 41.4 −1.1
ConservativeAlfred Hervey 1,431 30.8 −2.7
RadicalJohn Salusbury-Trelawny[34][35]1,17325.2+13.2
RadicalJohn Ffooks[36][37]1192.6−9.4
Turnout3,039 (est)82.7 (est)+16.1
Registered electors3,675
Majority49310.6+1.6
Whig holdSwing−1.5
Majority2585.6−3.9
Conservative holdSwing−2.3

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Elections in the 1840s

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General election, 30 July 1847: Brighton (2 seats)[38][28]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
WhigGeorge Pechell 1,571 42.5 +2.1
ConservativeAlfred Hervey 1,239 33.5 +9.1
RadicalWilliam Coningham88624.0−12.6
Turnout1,848 (est)66.6 (est)−18.7
Registered electors2,776
Majority3329.0+3.2
Whig holdSwing−1.2
Majority3539.5N/A
Conservative gain from RadicalSwing+7.7
By-election, 6 May 1842: Brighton[39][28]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
ConservativeAlfred Hervey 1,277 66.1 +41.7
RadicalSummers Harford64033.1−1.5
ChartistCharles Brooker160.8+0.3
Majority63733.0N/A
Turnout1,93376.3−9.0
Registered electors2,533
Conservative gain from RadicalSwing+21.6
General election, 1 July 1841: Brighton (2 seats)[40][28][10]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
WhigGeorge Pechell 1,443 40.4 +2.9
RadicalIsaac Wigney 1,235 34.6 +0.5
ConservativeAdolphus Dalrymple87224.4−4.0
ChartistCharles Brooker190.5New
Turnout2,05085.3+2.0
Registered electors2,403
Majority2085.8−3.3
Whig holdSwing+2.5
Majority36310.2N/A
Radical gain from ConservativeSwing+1.3

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Elections in the 1830s

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General election, 26 July 1837: Brighton (2 seats)[41][28][10]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
WhigGeorge Pechell 1,083 37.5 −2.0
ConservativeAdolphus Dalrymple 819 28.4 +8.6
RadicalIsaac Wigney80127.8+6.3
RadicalGeorge Faithfull1836.3−12.9
Turnout1,64083.3−6.7
Registered electors1,968
Majority2649.1−11.2
Whig holdSwing+0.7
Majority180.6N/A
Conservative gain from RadicalSwing+6.0
General election, 8 & 9 January 1835: Brighton (2 seats)[42][28][10]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
WhigGeorge Pechell 961 39.5 +1.3
RadicalIsaac Wigney 523 21.5 −11.7
ConservativeAdolphus Dalrymple48319.8+18.6
RadicalGeorge Faithfull46719.2−8.2
Turnout1,38290.0+3.0
Registered electors1,535
Majority49420.3N/A
Whig gain from RadicalSwing+5.6
Majority401.7-2.4
Radical holdSwing−10.5
General election, 12 December 1832: Brighton (2 seats)[43][28][10]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
RadicalIsaac Wigney 873 33.2
RadicalGeorge Faithfull 722 27.4
WhigGeorge Pechell61323.3
WhigWilliam Crawford39114.9
ToryAdolphus Dalrymple321.2
Majority1094.1
Turnout1,43487.0
Registered electors1,649
Radical win (new seat)
Radical win (new seat)

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See also

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Notes

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References

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  1. ^ a b Seymour, Charles (1915). Electoral reform in England and Wales: the development and operation of the parliamentary franchise, 1832–1885. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press. pp. 69–70.
  2. ^ Michael Stenton, ed. (1981). Who's who of British members of Parliament. A biographical dictionary of the House of Commons based on annual volumes of Dod's Parliamentary companion and other sources (4 volumes). Humanities Press. ISBN 0-391-00613-4.
  3. ^ Colin Rallings and Michael Thrasher, ed. (2000). British Electoral Facts 1832–1999. Ashgate Publishing. ISBN 1-84014-053-4.
  4. ^ Parliamentary Boundaries Act 1832 c.64 Sch O
  5. ^ "No. 19231". The London Gazette. 20 January 1835. p. 102.
  6. ^ a b c d Youngs, Frederic A. Jr. (1979). Guide to the Local Administrative Units of England, Vol.I: Southern England. London: Royal Historical Society. pp. 693, 767. ISBN 0-901050-67-9.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g "UK Parliamentary Elections 1832–1895". Brighton History. Retrieved 19 April 2018.
  8. ^ a b c d Hawkins, Angus (2015). "The Dynamics of Voting". Victorian Political Culture: 'Habits of Heart & Mind'. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 184, 190. ISBN 9780198728481.
  9. ^ a b Elms, Kate. "Brighton's first MPs". Brighton Museums. Retrieved 13 December 2012.
  10. ^ a b c d e f g h Stooks Smith, Henry (1845). The Parliaments of England, from 1st George I., to the Present Time. Vol II: Oxfordshire to Wales Inclusive. London: Simpkin, Marshall, & Co. pp. 77–78.
  11. ^ J. K. Laughton, ‘Pechell, Sir George Richard Brooke, fourth baronet (1789–1860)’, rev. Andrew Lambert, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 , accessed 13 October 2010
  12. ^ Burke, Edmund (1842). The Annual Register of World Events: A Review of the Year, Volume 83. Longmans, Green. p. 66.
  13. ^ Wells, Roger (April 1991). "Southern Chartism". Rural History. 2 (1): 37–59. doi:10.1017/S0956793300002612.
  14. ^ Gardeners Chronicle & New Horticulturist, Volume 7. Haymarket Publishing. 1847. p. 186.
  15. ^ "UK General Election results July 1945". Archived from the original on 2 September 2012. Retrieved 3 May 2012.
  16. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Craig, F.W.S., ed. (1969). British parliamentary election results 1918-1949. Glasgow: Political Reference Publications. pp. 103–4. ISBN 0-900178-01-9.
  17. ^ "Broadside against admirals enlivened the Labour Party Conference yesterday". Daily Herald. 8 June 1949. p. 5.
  18. ^ "Women Candidates". Western Morning News. 14 October 1931. p. 5.
  19. ^ "Lewes and Brighton". Sussex Agricultural Express. 24 May 1929. p. 12.
  20. ^ "Wills and Estate". The Scotsman. 28 July 1927. p. 7.
  21. ^ Debrett's House of Commons and the Judicial Bench, 1922
  22. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Craig, FWS, ed. (1974). British Parliamentary Election Results: 1885-1918. London: Macmillan Press. p. 82. ISBN 9781349022984.
  23. ^ "Another Wet Sunday". Brighton Gazette. 30 November 1910. p. 4.
  24. ^ "Mr. M. Nickalls". London Daily News. 5 December 1910. p. 3.
  25. ^ "A memorable by-election". Brighton Gazette. 15 December 1909. p. 1.
  26. ^ "Mr Morres Nickalls". London Daily News. 4 January 1910. p. 5.
  27. ^ "Liberal Meeting at Brighton". Brighton Gazette. 29 June 1886. p. 3.
  28. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Craig, F. W. S., ed. (1977). British Parliamentary Election Results 1832-1885 (e-book) (1st ed.). London: Macmillan Press. ISBN 978-1-349-02349-3.
  29. ^ "To the electors of the Borough of Brighton". Brighton Gazette. 3 April 1880. p. 1.
  30. ^ "The Brighton Election". Lloyd's Weekly Newspaper. 21 February 1864. p. 5 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  31. ^ "Brighton Guardian". 3 February 1864. p. 1 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  32. ^ "Brighton Election". Brighton Gazette. 12 July 1860. p. 4 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  33. ^ "Brighton". Sussex Advertiser. 13 July 1852. p. 3 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  34. ^ Dod, Charles Roger; Dod, Robert Phipps (1847). Dod's Parliamentary Companion, Volume 15. Dod's Parliamentary Companion. p. 246.
  35. ^ Hoppen, K. Theodore (2016). Governing Hibernia: British Politicians and Ireland 1800-1921. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 133. ISBN 9780191075643.
  36. ^ "Brighton". Morning Post. 8 July 1852. p. 3 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  37. ^ "The Approaching Elections". Staffordshire Advertiser. 3 July 1852. p. 3 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  38. ^ "The General Election". The Times. 31 July 1847. p. 3.
  39. ^ "Brighton Election. Close of Poll". The Times. 7 May 1842. p. 6.
  40. ^ "The General Election. Elections Decided". The Times. 2 July 1841. p. 3.
  41. ^ "The Elections". Morning Post. 27 July 1837. p. 3.
  42. ^ "Brighton, Jan 9. Second and Last Day". The Times. 10 January 1835. p. 2.
  43. ^ "General Election. Members Returned". The Times. 13 December 1832. p. 4.

Further reading

edit
  • Boundaries of Parliamentary Constituencies 1885–1972, compiled and edited by F.W.S. Craig (Parliamentary Reference Publications 1972)
  • British Parliamentary Election Results 1832–1885, compiled and edited by F.W.S. Craig (Macmillan Press 1977)
  • British Parliamentary Election Results 1885–1918, compiled and edited by F.W.S. Craig (Macmillan Press 1974)
  • British Parliamentary Election Results 1918–1949, compiled and edited by F.W.S. Craig (Macmillan Press, revised edition 1977)
  • Leigh Rayment's Historical List of MPs – Constituencies beginning with "B" (part 5)
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