The Australian Football Hall of Fame was established in 1996, the centenary year of the Australian Football League, to help recognise the contributions made to the sport of Australian rules football by players, umpires, media personalities, coaches and administrators. It was initially established with 136 inductees. As of 2024, this figure has grown to more than 300, including 32 "Legends". Jason Dunstall became the most recent inductee to achieve Legend status in 2024.[1][2][3] There had previously been 32 official Legends prior to Dunstall's elevation, but disgraced player Barry Cable had his football honours rescinded after being found guilty of historical child sex abuse.[4][5]
 | |
| Established | 1996 |
|---|---|
| Type | Professional sports hall of fame |
| President | Richard Goyder (chairman) |
| Website | www |
Since 2015, anyone involved in the game from its inception in 1858 until at least five years after their retirement are theoretically eligible; however, as of 2024, very few outside the elite leagues—the Victorian/Australian Football League (VFL/AFL), the West Australian Football League (WAFL), the South Australian National Football League (SANFL), the Challenge Cup of 1870–1876, the South Australian Interclub competition of 1870–1876, and the Victorian Football Association (VFA) of 1877–1896) have been inducted.
Selection
editSelection criteria
editA committee considers candidates on the basis of their ability, integrity, sportsmanship and character. While the number of games played, coached or umpired, or years of service in the case of administrators and media representatives, is a consideration, it alone does not determine eligibility.
Players must be retired from the game for at least five years before they become eligible for induction (extended from three years in 2015),[6] while coaches, umpires, administrators and media representatives are eligible immediately upon retirement.
The committee considers candidates from all states and territories of Australia and from all Australian football competitions within Australia.
The following excerpt from the official Hall of Fame website highlights the main criteria used by the committee in selecting inductees to the Hall of Fame:
- The Committee shall consider a candidate's outstanding service and overall contribution to the game of Australian Football in determining a candidate's eligibility for induction into the Hall of Fame.
- Without limiting clause 5.1, the Committee may consider a candidate's individual record, ability, integrity, sportsmanship and character.
- The number of football games played, coached or umpired or the years of service provided shall only be a consideration and shall not be determinative in assessing a candidate's eligibility.
- A player, coach, umpire, administrator or media representative involved at any level of Australian Football may be eligible for induction into the Hall of Fame.
- Candidates shall be adjudged on the basis of their overall contribution to Australian Football, as opposed to one specific aspect.
In 2010, several amendments were made to the selection criteria, with key changes including:[7]
- The maximum number of inductees in any single year reduced from eight to six, to increase the emphasis and honour for those inducted. This change was reversed in 2018.[8]
- The requirement to induct a minimum of three recently retired players (retired within 10 years of each induction ceremony) reduced to a minimum of two, to ensure older players deserving of induction are represented in proportion. This requirement was removed completely in 2018.[8]
- The requirement to have one inductee from the grouping of categories umpire/administrator/media every year changed to a minimum of one from this category every two years. In 2018, the requirement for people in the media or administration categories to have retired was removed.[8]
- The Hall of Fame selection committee to be independent from the AFL Commission. The wording in the charter has been changed so that the selection committee recommends to the commission for "endorsement" rather than for "approval".
- Selectors would be appointed for an initial term of three years, with two further opportunities to be appointed for subsequent three year terms (total of nine years).
- At least 25 per cent of the selection committee to reside outside of Victoria.
Selection committee
editThe selection committee, as of 2021, comprises the chairman of the AFL Commission Richard Goyder, Paul Marsh (CEO of AFL Players Association), broadcasters (Michelangelo Rucci, Karen Lyon, Bruce McAvaney and Tania Armstrong), and former players (Ross Glendinning, Graham Cornes, Michael O'Loughlin and David Parkin) as well as Mark Genge (statistics/history consultant) and Patrick Keane (secretary).
Previous selectors have included Mike Fitzpatrick, Kevin Bartlett, Brendon Gale, historian Col Hutchinson, and broadcasters Harry Gordon, Geoff Christian, Caroline Wilson, Tim Lane, Mike Sheahan, Patrick Smith, Dennis Cometti and Jim Main.
| Australian Football Hall of Fame selectors | |
|---|---|
| Induction | Selectors |
| 1996[9] | South Australia: Max Basheer. Victoria: Kevin Bartlett, John Kennedy, Lou Richards, Percy Beames, Peter Allen, Mark Patterson, Mike Sheehan, Harry Gordon, Caroline Wilson, Joan Kirner, Tom Reynolds. Western Australia: Geoff Christian. |
| 2009[10] | Mike Fitzpatrick, Brian Atkinson, Kevin Bartlett, Brendon Gale, Tim Lane, Jim Main, David Parkin, Tom Reynolds, Mike Sheahan, Patrick Smith, Leigh Whicker, Caroline Wilson. |
| 2013[11] | Mike Fitzpatrick, Dennis Cometti, Bruce McAvaney, Michelangelo Rucci, Stephen Phillips, David Parkin, Matt Finnis. |
| 2014[12] | South Australia: Bruce McAvaney, Michelangelo Rucci. Victoria: Mike Fitzpatrick, Matt Finnis, Jim Main (1), David Parkin, Stephen Phillips, Col Hutchinson, Patrick Clifton. Western Australia: Dennis Cometti. |
| 2021[13] | South Australia: Graham Cornes, Bruce McAvaney, Michael O'Loughlin, Patrick Keane, Mark Genge. Victoria: Karen Lyon, David Parkin, Paul Marsh. Western Australia: Richard Goyder, Tania Armstrong, Ross Glendinning. |
Legends
editThe Legends category is reserved for those who are deemed to have had a significant impact on the game of Australian rules football. Most "Legends" enshrined to date represent former players who played the majority or the whole of their career in the VFL/AFL, with three players in Barrie Robran, Jack Oatey (SANFL) and Merv McIntosh (WAFL) being selected for careers in other state leagues. Being named as a "Legend" of the Australian Football Hall of Fame is the highest honour which can be bestowed onto an individual Australian footballer. As of 2024, there are 32 Legends, less than one in 400 (<0.25%) of all VFL/AFL players, and the feat is considerably rarer when considering other leagues outside of the AFL.[14]
In 2010, several amendments to the Legends category were made to ensure the exclusivity and prestige of the Hall of Fame. Among them were:[15]
- The Legends category remains exclusively for recognition of the most significant playing and coaching records
- The number of Legends that can be part of the Hall of Fame remains at a maximum of 10 percent of the total inductees
- Criteria for elevating an inductee to Legend status requires that only ‘playing and coaching’ records be taken into account and not a candidate's overall contribution to the game outside of playing and coaching
| Legends | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inductee | Year elevated | Games | Goals | Premierships | Highlights | |
| Player | Coach | |||||
Darrel Baldock | 2006 | 123 games
| 237 goals
| 5 premierships | 4 premierships | Representative honours:
League honours:
Club honours:
Coaching record:
|
Ron Barassi  | 1996 | 253 games | 330 goals | 6 premierships
| 4 premierships
| Representative Honours:
Club honours
Coaching Record:
|
Kevin Bartlett | 2000 | 403 Games
| 778 Goals
| 5 premierships
| Representative Honours: League Honours:
Club honours:
Coaching Record:
| |
Malcolm Blight | 2017 | 342 Games
| 803 Goals
| 2 premierships
| 2 premierships
| Representative Honours:
League Honours:
Club honours
Coaching Record:
|
Haydn Bunton Sr. | 1996 | 208 Games
| 427 Goals
| Representative Honours:
League Honours:
Club honours:
Coaching Record:
| ||
Roy Cazaly | 1996 | 198 Games
| 167 Goals
| Representative Honours: Club honours:
Coaching Record:
| ||
John Coleman | 1996 | 98 Games
| 537 Goals
| 2 premierships
| 2 premierships
| Representative Honours:
League Honours:
Club honours:
Coaching Record:
|
Gordon Coventry | 1998 | 306 Games
| 1,299 Goals
| 5 premierships
| Representative Honours:
League Honours:
Club honours:
| |
Jack Dyer | 1996 | 312 Games
| 433 Goals
| 2 premierships
| 1 premierships
| Representative Honours:
Club honours:
Coaching Record:
|
| Jason Dunstall | 2024 | 269 Games
| 1254 Goals
| 4 premierships | Representative honours:
Club honours
| |
Russell Ebert | 2022 | 417 Games
| 309 Goals
| 3 premierships
| Representative Honours:
League Honours:
Club honours:
Coaching Record:
| |
Graham Farmer | 1996 | 356 Games
| 227 Goals
| 6 premierships
| 2 premierships
| Representative Honours:
League Honours:
Club honours:
Coaching Record:
|
| Royce Hart | 2013 | 188 Games | 369 Goals | 4 premierships
| Representative Honours:
Club honours:
Coaching Record:
| |
| Peter Hudson | 1999 | 288 games
| 1,721 Goals
| 2 premierships | Representative Honours:
League Honours:
Club honours:
| |
Bill Hutchison | 1996 | 290 Games
| 496 Goals
| 4 premierships
| Representative Honours:
League Honours:
Club honours:
| |
| Alex Jesaulenko | 2008 | 279 Games | 444 Goals | 4 premierships
| 1 premierships
| Representative Honours:
Club honours:
Coaching Record: |
John Kennedy Sr. | 2020 | 164 Games
| 29 Goals
| 3 premierships
| Representative Honours:
Club honours:
Coaching Record:
| |
| Tony Lockett | 2015 | 281 Games | 1,360 Goals | Representative Honours:
League Honours:
Club honours:
| ||
Leigh Matthews | 1996 | 332 Games
| 915 Goals
| 4 premierships
| 4 premierships
| Representative Honours:
League Honours:
Club honours:
Coaching Record:
|
Jock McHale | 2005 | 261 Games
| 18 Goals
| 2 premierships
| 8 premierships
| Club honours:
Coaching Record:
|
| Merv McIntosh | 2021 | 217 Games
| 79 Goals
| 1 premiership
| Representative Honours:
League Honours:
Club honours:
| |
| Kevin Murray | 2010 | 377 Games
| 71 Goals
| Representative Honours:
League Honours:
Club honours:
Coaching Record:
| ||
| John Nicholls | 1996 | 328 Games
| 307 Goals
| 3 premierships
| 1 premierships
| Representative Honours:
Club honours:
Coaching Record:
|
| Jack Oatey | 2021 | 186 Games
| 237 Goals
| 4 premierships
| 10 premierships | Representative Honours:
Club honours: Coaching Record:
|
Bob Pratt | 1996 | 158 Games
| 681 Goals
| 1 premiership
| League Honours: Club honours:
| |
Dick Reynolds | 1996 | 320 Games
| 442 Goals
| 4 premierships
| 4 premierships
| Representative Honours:
League Honours:
Club honours:
Coaching Record:
|
Barrie Robran | 2001 | 201 Games
| 196 Goals
| 2 premierships
| Representative Honours:
League Honours:
Club honours:
Coaching Record:
| |
Kevin Sheedy | 2018 | 251 Games
| 91 Goals
| 3 premierships
| 4 premierships
| Representative Honours:
Club honours:
Coaching Record:
|
| Bob Skilton | 1996 | 237 Games
| 412 Goals
| Representative Honours:
League Honours:
Club honours:
Coaching Record:
| ||
Norm Smith | 2007 | 227 Games | 527 Goals | 4 premierships
| 6 premierships
| Representative Honours:
League Honours:
Club honours:
Coaching Record:
|
| Ian Stewart | 1997 | 218 Games | 80 Goals | 2 premierships | Representative honours:
League honours:
Club honours:
Coaching record:
| |
Ted Whitten | 1996 | 321 Games
| 360 Goals
| 1 premiership
| Representative Honours:
Club honours:
Coaching Record:
| |
Player inductees
editWomen inductees
edit| Player | Club | State | Playing career | Games played (goals) | Year inducted |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Debbie Lee | East Brunswick Scorpions (VWFL) St Albans Spurs (VWFL) | Victoria | 1991–2014 | 304 (?) | 2021 |
Coach inductees
edit| Coach | Clubs coached | Record (W–L–D) | Premierships coached | Year inducted | Legend status | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Haydn Bunton Jr | Norwood | 101 (52–48–1) | 5 | 1996 | ||
| Launceston | 16 (6–10–0) | |||||
| Swan Districts | 92 (55–35–2) | 1961, 1962, 1963 | ||||
| Subiaco | 314 (168–145–1) | 1986, 1988 | ||||
| South Adelaide | 179 (84–93–2) | |||||
| Sturt | 42 (9–33–0) | |||||
| John Cahill | Port Adelaide | 465 (330–129–6) | 1977, 1979, 1980, 1981, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1992, 1994, 1995 | 10 | 2002 | |
| Collingwood | 47 (27–20–0) | |||||
| West Adelaide | 69 (34–35–0) | |||||
| South Adelaide | 20 (5–14–1) | |||||
| Tom Hafey | Richmond | 248 (173–73–2) | 1967, 1969, 1973, 1974 | 4 | 1996 | |
| Collingwood | 138 (89–47–2) | |||||
| Geelong | 66 (31–35–0) | |||||
| Sydney | 70 (43–27–0) | |||||
| Frank Hughes | Richmond | 120 (87–31–2) | 1932 | 5 | 1996 | |
| Melbourne | 254 (157–95–2) | 1939, 1940, 1941, 1948 | ||||
| Allan Jeans | St Kilda | 332 (193–138–1) | 1966 | 4 | 1996 | |
| Hawthorn | 221 (159–61–1) | 1983, 1986, 1989 | ||||
| Richmond | 22 (5–17–0) | |||||
| John Kennedy Sr | Hawthorn | 299 (181–116–2) | 1961, 1971, 1976 | 3 | 1996 | Legend |
| North Melbourne | 113 (55–55–3) | |||||
| Johnny Leonard | South Melbourne | 19 (13–6–0) | 5 | 1996 | ||
| West Perth | 66 (43–22–1) | 1934, 1935 | ||||
| Claremont | 109 (65–43–1) | 1938, 1939, 1940 | ||||
| Mick Malthouse | Footscray | 135 (67–66–2) | 3 | 2019 | ||
| West Coast | 243(156–85–2) | 1992, 1994 | ||||
| Collingwood | 286 (163–121–2) | 2010 | ||||
| Carlton | 54 (20–33–1) | |||||
| Phillip Matson | Subiaco | 1913–1914 | 1913 | 8 | 2004 | |
| East Perth | 1918–1924, 1926–1928 | 1919, 1920, 1921, 1922, 1923, 1926, 1927 | ||||
| Jack Oatey | Norwood | 229 (147–81–1) | 1945, 1948, 1950 | 10 | 1996 | Legend |
| West Adelaide | 78 (52–26–0) | |||||
| Sturt | 470 (314–152–4) | 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1974, 1976 | ||||
| David Parkin | Hawthorn | 94 (57–37–0) | 1978 | 4 | 2002 | |
| Carlton | 355 (219–134–2) | 1981, 1982, 1995 | ||||
| Fitzroy | 69 (30–39–0) | |||||
| Jack Sheedy | East Fremantle | 39 (23–16–0) | 2 | 2001 | ||
| East Perth | 223 (149–72–3) | 1956, 1959 | ||||
| Kevin Sheedy | Essendon | 634 (386–242–6) | 1984, 1985, 1993, 2000 | 4 | 2008 | Legend |
| GWS Giants | 44 (3–41–0) | |||||
| John Todd | Swan Districts | 417 (217–200–0) | 1982, 1983, 1984, 1990 | 6 | 2003 | |
| East Fremantle | 87 (45–41–1) | 1974 | ||||
| South Fremantle | 172 (83–88–1) | 1997 | ||||
| West Coast | 45 (20–25–0) | |||||
| Fos Williams | Port Adelaide | 447 (333–112–2) | 1951, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1962, 1963, 1965 | 9 | 1996 | |
| West Adelaide | 109 (42–67–0) | |||||
| South Adelaide | 18 (3–15–0) | |||||
| Norm Smith | Fitzroy | 55 (30–23–2) | 6 | 1996 | Legend | |
| Melbourne | 310 (97–108–5) | 1955, 1956, 1957, 1959, 1960, 1964 | ||||
| South Melbourne | 87 (26–61–0) | |||||
Umpires
editMedia
edit- Norman Banks (Radio, Victoria)
- Harry Beitzel (Radio and print, Victoria)
- Alf Brown (Print, Victoria)
- Hugh Buggy (Print, Victoria)
- Ron Casey (Radio and television, Victoria)
- Tony Charlton (Radio and television, Victoria)
- Geoff Christian (Radio and print, Western Australia)
- Dennis Cometti (Radio and television, National)
- Hector DeLacy (Print, Victoria)
- Bruce McAvaney (Radio and television, National)
- Reginald Wilmot (Print, Victoria)
Administrators
edit- Bruce Andrew (Collingwood, ANFC)
- Max Basheer (SANFL)
- Charles Brownlow (Geelong, VFL, ANFC)
- Ron Evans (Essendon, AFL)
- Jack Hamilton (VFL)
- Bob Hammond (Adelaide, AFL)[16]
- H. C. A. Harrison (Melbourne, VFA)
- Thomas Hill (Norwood, SANFL, ANFC)
- Sir Kenneth Luke (Carlton, VFL)
- Likely 'Like' McBrien (South Melbourne, VFL)
- Bob McLean (Port Adelaide, SANFL)
- Dr William C. McClelland (Melbourne, VFL)
- Eric McCutchan (VFL)
- Ross Oakley (VFL/AFL)
- Pat Rodriguez (Claremont, WAFL, ANFC)
- Tom Wills (Melbourne)
Pioneers
editInduction ceremony
editEvery year there is a special Hall of Fame dinner to announce and welcome the new inductees to the Hall of Fame.
The Hall of Fame inductions started in Melbourne in 1996 to celebrate the VFL-AFL centenary season. Ceremonies have only been held outside of Victoria twice, once at Canberra in 2013 and once at Adelaide in 2017.[17]
In 2020, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the usual annual induction event was not held, and instead the new inductees and legend elevation were announced over four nights in a series of television shows.[18]
Induction locations
edit- 1996: Melbourne, VIC
- 1997: Melbourne, VIC
- 1998: Melbourne, VIC
- 1999: Melbourne, VIC
- 2000: Melbourne, VIC
- 2001: Melbourne, VIC
- 2002: Melbourne, VIC
- 2003: Melbourne, VIC
- 2004: Melbourne, VIC
- 2005: Melbourne, VIC
- 2006: Melbourne, VIC
- 2007: Melbourne, VIC
- 2008: Melbourne, VIC
- 2009: Melbourne, VIC
- 2010: Melbourne, VIC
- 2011: Melbourne, VIC
- 2012: Melbourne, VIC – (Crown)
- 2013: Canberra, ACT – (Old Parliament House)
- 2014: Melbourne, VIC – (Crown)
- 2015: Melbourne, VIC – (Crown)
- 2016: Melbourne, VIC – (Crown)
- 2017: Adelaide, SA – (Adelaide Oval)
- 2018: Melbourne, VIC – (Crown)
- 2019: Melbourne, VIC – (Crown)
- 2020: Televised event only (COVID-19 pandemic)
- 2021: Televised event only (COVID-19 pandemic)
Criticism
edit The Hall of Fame has been criticised by football writers and historians for being heavily biased towards figures from Victoria.[19]
The initial selection committee was made up of 11 Victorians, one South Australian and one Western Australian, with the current selection committee being made up of six Victorians, two Western Australians and one South Australian. Of the 136 inaugural inductees into the Hall of Fame, 116 played substantial parts of their careers in Victoria, with eleven of the thirteen "Legends" from Victoria.[20]
Criticism has also been slated at the under-representation of pioneers and other early stars of the game, as Adam Cardosi wrote in 2014:[21]
If we take the HOF at face value, footy legends only started to appear in number from the 1930s, and reached a high point in the 1960s and 1970s. ... Thus, according to the HOF's reckoning, the first sixty five years of the game is worth one legend, while the next sixty five years is worth 24 legends.
In 2018, the same criticism was levelled by ABC sport reporter James Coventry, who mentioned that over 60% of Legends inducted were either playing or coaching in 1969.[22]
I would never suggest Kevin Sheedy is not a worthy Legend, he absolutely is, but you have to think something's gone seriously wrong with past selection for the #HallofFame to now be in a position where 17 of its 28 Legends were active in 1969.
Declined inductions
editIn 2021, Garry McIntosh and Adam Goodes both declined their nominations to be inducted into the Hall of Fame.
Goodes declined due to the lack of support and remedial action taken by the AFL in response to the racial abuse he had endured in his final years playing in the AFL,[23][24] while McIntosh stated that "he did not play the game for personal honours".[25]
Removed inductees
editBarry Cable was removed from the Hall of Fame in 2023 and his Legend Status was revoked after he was found civilly liable in a sexual abuse lawsuit.[26]
See also
edit- Australian Capital Territory Football Hall of Fame ACT (Est. 2006)
- New South Wales Football Hall of Fame NSW (Est. 2003)
- Northern Territory Football Hall of Fame NT (Est. 2010)
- Queensland Football Hall of Fame QLD (Est. 2008)
- South Australian Football Hall of Fame (Est. 2002)
- Tasmanian Football Hall of Fame (Est. 2005)
- West Australian Football Hall of Fame (Est. 2004)
References
edit- ^ "AFL - News, Fixtures, Scores & Results". afl.com.au. Retrieved 12 November 2023.
- ^ "Hawks great Jason Dunstall joins Hall of Fame Legends". afl.com.au. 15 April 2024. Retrieved 15 April 2024.
- ^ "Jason Dunstall's epic resume complete after elevation to Legend status in Australian Football Hall of Fame". Fox Sports. 15 April 2024. Retrieved 15 April 2024.
- ^ Naglazas, Jesinta Burton, Mark (22 June 2023). "Barry Cable stripped of all honours by WA sporting bodies". WAtoday. Retrieved 12 November 2023.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ "Hall of Fame legend Barry Cable to be kicked out, stripped of AFL's top honour over sexual abuse case". Fox Sports. 20 June 2023. Retrieved 12 November 2023.
- ^ Higgins, Ben (28 October 2015). "Longer HOF wait for retired greats". PerthNow. Retrieved 3 June 2020.
- ^ "AFL Hall of Fame criteria changes".
- ^ a b c Riley, Beveridge (16 November 2018). "Hall of Fame changes pave way for females to be inducted". afl.com.au. Retrieved 3 June 2020.
- ^ Coventry, James (2018). Footballistics. Sydney: ABC Books. p. 277. ISBN 9780733338441.
- ^ AFL Record Round 9. AFL Record. 2009. p. 30.
- ^ "Hall of Fame hits the nation's capital". AFL NSW / ACT. 4 June 2013. Retrieved 7 September 2021.
- ^ "About the AFL Hall of Fame". afl.com.au. Retrieved 7 September 2021.
- ^ "The AFL Administration". afl.com.au. Retrieved 7 September 2021.
- ^ "All players ranked by win-loss records. Secondary sort:Games played".
- ^ "AFL legend status even more exclusive".
- ^ Rucci, Michaelangelo (4 June 2015). "AFL Hall of Fame 2015: Bob Hammond enters the AFL Hall of Fame on back of off-field service". News Corporation. Herald Sun. Retrieved 4 June 2015.
- ^ "Reference at www.adelaidenow.com.au".
- ^ Twomey, Callum (25 May 2020). "Four-night extravaganza: Hall of Fame locked in". afl.com.au. Retrieved 3 June 2020.
- ^ "Vics play favourites as Peake on bench". – The West Australian. Published 11 June 2011. Written by Mark Duffield. Retrieved 7 October 2011.
- ^ "AFL Hall of Fame – See Victoria". Archived from the original on 6 August 2011. Retrieved 7 October 2011. – FullPointsFooty. Retrieved 7 October 2011.
- ^ Cardosi, Adam (12 March 2014). ""Neglected heroes: The sad case of the Australian Football Hall of Fame""., Australian Football. Retrieved 12 March 2014.
- ^ Coventry, James (29 May 2018). "JCoventry/status". Twitter. Retrieved 1 June 2018.
- ^ "Adam Goodes declines Hall of Fame honour". www.abc.net.au. 8 June 2021. Retrieved 8 June 2021.
- ^ "'Our game did not do enough': AFL confirms Adam Goodes' Hall of Fame rejection". Fox Sports. 8 June 2021. Retrieved 8 June 2021.
- ^ "Debbie Lee becomes first woman to join Australian Football Hall of Fame, Chris Judd and Nathan Burke also inducted". ABC News. 24 August 2021.
- ^ "AFL removes Barry Cable from Hall of Fame, revokes Legend status". www.afl.com.au. 23 June 2023. Retrieved 27 June 2023.
- Ross, John (1999). The Australian Football Hall of Fame. Australia: HarperCollinsPublishers. ISBN 0-7322-6426-X.