1850–51 United States House of Representatives elections
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The 1850–51 United States House of Representatives elections were held on various dates in various states between August 5, 1850, and November 4, 1851. Each state set its own date for its elections to the House of Representatives before the first session of the 32nd United States Congress convened on December 1, 1851. Elections were held for all 233 seats, representing 31 states.
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All 233 seats in the United States House of Representatives 117 seats needed for a majority | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The Democrats gained 17 seats, increasing their majority relative to the rival Whigs, who lost 22 seats. Incumbent Whig President Millard Fillmore, who succeeded to the Presidency in July 1850 after the death of more charismatic General Zachary Taylor, lacked a strong political base. The Compromise of 1850, which admitted California alone as a free state in exchange for concessions to slave state interests, began integration of the Mexican Cession. It appeared in the short term that Congress had politically feasible options to contain sectionalism and to reduce tensions over expanding slavery in the West. This optimism soon would prove unfounded.
The Unionist Party, formed in support of the Compromise of 1850, gained 10 seats in the South, as did the States' Rights Party. The Free Soil Party, which opposed the expansion of slavery into the Western territories, lost five seats and was reduced to four Representatives, all in New England.
Election summaries edit
| 130 | 7 | 10 | 86 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | [d] | [e] | Whig |
| State | Type | Date | Total seats | Democratic | Free Soil | Southern Rights | Unionist | Whig | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Seats | Change | Seats | Change | Seats | Change | Seats | Change | Seats | Change | ||||
| Iowa | District | August 5, 1850 | 2 | 2 |  | 0 | | 0 | | 0 | | 0 | |
| Missouri | District | August 5, 1850 | 5 | 2 |  3 | 0 | | 0 | | 0 | | 3 |  3 |
| Vermont | District | September 3, 1850 | 4 | 1 | | 0 | | 0 | | 0 | | 3 | |
| Maine | District | September 9, 1850 | 7 | 5 | | 0 | | 0 | | 0 | | 2 | |
| Florida | At-large | October 7, 1850 | 1 | 0 | | 0 | | 0 | | 0 | | 1 | |
| Ohio | District | October 8, 1850 | 21 | 11[f] | | 1 | 1 | 0 | | 0 | | 9 | 1 |
| Pennsylvania | District | October 8, 1850 | 24[g] | 15 | 6 | 0 | 1 | 0 | | 0 | | 9 | 4 |
| South Carolina | District | October 14–15, 1850 | 7 | 7 | | 0 | | 0 | | 0 | | 0 | |
| Illinois | District | November 5, 1850 (Election Day)[h] | 7 | 6 | | 0 | | 0 | | 0 | | 1 | |
| Michigan | District | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | | 0 | | 0 | | 2 | 1 | |
| New Jersey | District | 5 | 4 | 3 | 0 | | 0 | | 0 | | 1 | 3 | |
| New York | District | 34 | 17 | 16 | 0 | 1 | 0 | | 0 | | 17 | 15 | |
| Wisconsin | District | 3 | 2[f] | 1 | 1 | | 0 | | 0 | | 0 | 1 | |
| Massachusetts | District | November 11, 1850 | 10[i] | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | | 0 | | 7 | 1 |
| Delaware | At-large | November 12, 1850 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | | 0 | | 0 | | 0 | 1 |
| Late elections (after the March 4, 1851 beginning of the term) | |||||||||||||
| New Hampshire | District | March 11, 1851 | 4 | 2 | | 0 | 1 | 0 | | 0 | | 2 | 1 |
| Rhode Island | District | April 2, 1851 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | | 0 | | 0 | | 1 | 1 |
| Connecticut | District | April 7, 1851 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | | 0 | | 1 | |
| Alabama | District | August 4, 1851 | 7 | 4 | 1 | 0 | | 0 | | 1 | 1 | 2 | |
| Arkansas | At-large | August 4, 1851 | 1 | 1 | | 0 | | 0 | | 0 | | 0 | |
| Indiana | District | August 4, 1851 | 10 | 8 | | 0 | 1 | 0 | | 0 | | 2 | 1 |
| Kentucky | District | August 4, 1851 | 10 | 5 | 1 | 0 | | 0 | | 0 | | 5 | 1 |
| Texas | District | August 4, 1851 | 2 | 2 | | 0 | | 0 | | 0 | | 0 | |
| North Carolina | District | August 7, 1851 | 9 | 3 | | 0 | | 0 | | 0 | | 6 | |
| Tennessee | District | August 7, 1851 | 11 | 7[f] | | 0 | | 0 | | 0 | | 4 | |
| California | At-large | September 3, 1851 | 2[j] | 2 | 1 | 0 | | 0 | | 0 | | 0 | |
| Maryland | District | October 1, 1851 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 0 | | 0 | | 0 | | 4[k] | 1 |
| Georgia | District | October 6, 1851 | 8 | 0 | 4 | 0 | | 2 | 2 | 6 | 6 | 0 | 4 |
| Virginia | District | October 23, 1851 | 15 | 13 | | 0 | | 0 | | 0 | | 2 | |
| Mississippi | District | November 3–4, 1851 | 4 | 0 | 4 | 0 | | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 0 | |
| Louisiana | District | November 4, 1851 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 0 | | 0 | | 0 | | 2 | 1 |
| Total | 233 | 130[l] 55.8% | 17 | 4 1.7% | 5 | 3 1.3% | 3 | 10 4.3% | 10 | 86[k] 36.9% | 22 | ||
One district in Massachusetts had been vacant in the 31st Congress. No new seats were added.
The previous election had 1 Know-Nothing and 1 Independent.
Special elections edit
31st Congress edit
- Iowa's 1st congressional district: 1850
- New Hampshire's 3rd congressional district: 1850
- Ohio's 6th congressional district: 1851
- Louisiana's 3rd congressional district: 1850
- Massachusetts's 1st congressional district: 1850
32nd Congress edit
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (January 2020) |
Alabama edit
Elections were held August 4, 1851, after the March 4, 1851 beginning of the term, but before the House first convened in December 1851.
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Alabama 1 | |||||
| Alabama 2 | |||||
| Alabama 3 | |||||
| Alabama 4 | |||||
| Alabama 5 | |||||
| Alabama 6 | |||||
| Alabama 7 | |||||
Arkansas edit
The election was held August 4, 1851, after the March 4, 1851 beginning of the term, but before the House first convened in December 1851.
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Arkansas at-large | Robert W. Johnson | Democratic | 1846 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
California edit
California's members were elected late, at-large statewide, September 3, 1851. There were nevertheless seated with the rest of the House at the beginning of the first session.
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| California at-large 2 seats | George W. Wright | Independent | 1849 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic gain. | (Elected on a general ticket)
|
| Edward Gilbert | Democratic | 1849 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold. | ||
Connecticut edit
Elections were held April 7, 1851, after the March 4, 1851 beginning of the term, but before the House first convened in December 1851.
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Connecticut 1 | |||||
| Connecticut 2 | |||||
| Connecticut 3 | |||||
| Connecticut 4 | |||||
Delaware edit
The election was held November 12, 1850.
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Delaware at-large | John W. Houston | Whig | 1844 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
|
Florida edit
The election was held October 7, 1850.
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Florida at-large | Edward C. Cabell | Whig | 1845 | Incumbent re-elected. Whig hold. |
|
Georgia edit
Elections were held October 6, 1851.
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Georgia 1 | Joseph W. Jackson | Democratic | 1850 | Incumbent re-elected. Southern Rights gain. |
|
| Georgia 2 | Marshall Johnson Wellborn | Democratic | 1848 | New member elected. Unionist gain |
|
| Georgia 3 | Allen F. Owen | Whig | 1848 | New member elected. Southern Rights gain |
|
| Georgia 4 | Hugh A. Haralson | Democratic | 1842 | New member elected. Unionist gain |
|
| Georgia 5 | Thomas C. Hackett | Democratic | 1848 | New member elected. Unionist gain |
|
| Georgia 6 | Howell Cobb | Democratic | 1842 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Unionist gain |
|
| Georgia 7 | Alexander Hamilton Stephens | Democratic | 1843 | Incumbent re-elected. Unionist gain |
|
| Georgia 8 | Robert Toombs | Whig | 1844 | Incumbent re-elected. Unionist gain |
|
Illinois edit
Elections were held November 5, 1850.
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Illinois 1 | |||||
| Illinois 2 | |||||
| Illinois 3 | |||||
| Illinois 4 | |||||
| Illinois 5 | |||||
| Illinois 6 | |||||
| Illinois 7 | |||||
Indiana edit
Elections were held August 4, 1851, after the March 4, 1851 beginning of the term, but before the House first convened in December 1851.
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Indiana 1 | |||||
| Indiana 2 | |||||
| Indiana 3 | |||||
| Indiana 4 | |||||
| Indiana 5 | |||||
| Indiana 6 | |||||
| Indiana 7 | |||||
| Indiana 8 | |||||
| Indiana 9 | |||||
| Indiana 10 | |||||
Iowa edit
Elections were held August 5, 1850.
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Iowa 1 | |||||
| Iowa 2 | |||||
Kentucky edit
Elections were held August 4, 1851, after the March 4, 1851 beginning of the term, but before the House first convened in December 1851.
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Kentucky 1 | |||||
| Kentucky 2 | |||||
| Kentucky 3 | |||||
| Kentucky 4 | |||||
| Kentucky 5 | |||||
| Kentucky 6 | |||||
| Kentucky 7 | |||||
| Kentucky 8 | |||||
| Kentucky 9 | |||||
| Kentucky 10 | |||||
Louisiana edit
Elections were held November 4, 1851, after the March 4, 1851 beginning of the term, but before the House first convened in December 1851.
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Louisiana 1 | |||||
| Louisiana 2 | |||||
| Louisiana 3 | |||||
| Louisiana 4 | |||||
Maine edit
Elections were held September 9, 1850.
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Maine 1 | |||||
| Maine 2 | |||||
| Maine 3 | |||||
| Maine 4 | |||||
| Maine 5 | |||||
| Maine 6 | |||||
| Maine 7 | |||||
Maryland edit
Elections were held October 1, 1851 elections were after the March 4, 1851 beginning of the new term, but still before the Congress convened in December 1851.
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Maryland 1 | |||||
| Maryland 2 | |||||
| Maryland 3 | |||||
| Maryland 4 | |||||
| Maryland 5 | |||||
| Maryland 6 | |||||
Massachusetts edit
Elections were held November 11, 1850, but at least one district's elections went to multiple ballots into 1851.
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Massachusetts 1 | |||||
| Massachusetts 2 | |||||
| Massachusetts 3 | |||||
| Massachusetts 4 | Vacant due to failure to elect. | New member elected on the 4th ballot. Whig gain. | First ballot (November 11, 1850):
Second ballot (January 20, 1851):
Third ballot (April 7, 1851):
Fourth ballot (May 26, 1851):
| ||
| Massachusetts 5 | |||||
| Massachusetts 6 | |||||
| Massachusetts 7 | Julius Rockwell | Whig | 1844 (Late) | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected on the fourth ballot. Whig hold. | First ballot (November 11, 1850):
Second ballot (January 20, 1851):
Third ballot (April 7, 1851):
Fourth ballot (May 26, 1851):
|
| Massachusetts 8 | |||||
| Massachusetts 9 | |||||
| Massachusetts 10 | |||||
Michigan edit
Elections were held November 5, 1850.
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Michigan 1 | Alexander W. Buel | Democratic | 1848 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Whig gain. |
|
| Michigan 2 | William Sprague | Whig | 1848 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
|
| Michigan 3 | Kinsley S. Bingham | Democratic | 1846 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Whig gain. |
|
Minnesota Territory edit
See Non-voting delegates, below.
Mississippi edit
Elections were held November 3–4, 1851, after the March 4, 1851 beginning of the term, but before the House first convened in December 1851.
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Mississippi 1 | Jacob Thompson | Democratic | 1839 | Incumbent lost re-election as a Southern Rights candidate. New member elected. Unionist gain. |
|
| Mississippi 2 | Winfield S. Featherston | Democratic | 1847 | Incumbent lost re-election as a Southern Rights candidate. New member elected. Unionist gain. |
|
| Mississippi 3 | William McWillie | Democratic | 1849 | Incumbent lost re-election as a Southern Rights candidate. New member elected. Unionist gain. |
|
| Mississippi 4 | Albert G. Brown | Democratic | 1847 | Incumbent re-elected. Southern Rights gain. |
|
Missouri edit
Elections were held August 5, 1850.
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Missouri 1 | |||||
| Missouri 2 | |||||
| Missouri 3 | |||||
| Missouri 4 | |||||
| Missouri 5 | |||||
New Hampshire edit
Elections were held March 11, 1851, after the March 4, 1851 beginning of the term, but before the House first convened in December 1851.
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| New Hampshire 1 | |||||
| New Hampshire 2 | |||||
| New Hampshire 3 | |||||
| New Hampshire 4 | |||||
New Jersey edit
Elections were held November 5, 1850.
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| New Jersey 1 | |||||
| New Jersey 2 | |||||
| New Jersey 3 | |||||
| New Jersey 4 | |||||
| New Jersey 5 | |||||
New Mexico Territory edit
See Non-voting delegates, below.
New York edit
Elections were held November 5, 1850.
North Carolina edit
Elections were held August 7, 1851, after the March 4, 1851 beginning of the term, but before the House first convened in December 1851.
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| North Carolina 1 | |||||
| North Carolina 2 | |||||
| North Carolina 3 | |||||
| North Carolina 4 | |||||
| North Carolina 5 | |||||
| North Carolina 6 | |||||
| North Carolina 7 | |||||
| North Carolina 8 | |||||
| North Carolina 9 | |||||
Ohio edit
Elections were held October 8, 1850.
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Ohio 1 | |||||
| Ohio 2 | |||||
| Ohio 3 | |||||
| Ohio 4 | |||||
| Ohio 5 | |||||
| Ohio 6 | |||||
| Ohio 7 | |||||
| Ohio 8 | |||||
| Ohio 9 | |||||
| Ohio 10 | |||||
| Ohio 11 | |||||
| Ohio 12 | |||||
| Ohio 13 | |||||
| Ohio 14 | |||||
| Ohio 15 | |||||
| Ohio 16 | |||||
| Ohio 17 | |||||
| Ohio 18 | |||||
| Ohio 19 | |||||
| Ohio 20 | |||||
| Ohio 21 | |||||
Oregon Territory edit
See Non-voting delegates, below.
Pennsylvania edit
Elections were held October 8, 1850.
Rhode Island edit
Elections were held April 2, 1851, after the March 4, 1851 beginning of the term, but before the House first convened in December 1851.
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Rhode Island 1 | |||||
| Rhode Island 2 | |||||
South Carolina edit
Elections were held October 14–15, 1850.
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| South Carolina 1 | |||||
| South Carolina 2 | |||||
| South Carolina 3 | |||||
| South Carolina 4 | |||||
| South Carolina 5 | |||||
| South Carolina 6 | |||||
| South Carolina 7 | |||||
Tennessee edit
Elections were held August 7, 1851, after the March 4, 1851 beginning of the term, but before the House first convened in December 1851.
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Tennessee 1 | Andrew Johnson | Democratic | 1842 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Tennessee 2 | Albert G. Watkins | Whig | 1849 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Tennessee 3 | Josiah M. Anderson | Whig | 1849 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
|
| Tennessee 4 | John H. Savage | Democratic | 1849 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Tennessee 5 | George W. Jones | Democratic | 1842 | Incumbent re-elected. | ▌ George W. Jones (Democratic) 100%[32] |
| Tennessee 6 | James H. Thomas | Democratic | 1847 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Independent Democratic gain. |
|
| Tennessee 7 | Meredith P. Gentry | Whig | 1845 | Incumbent re-elected. | ▌ Meredith P. Gentry (Whig) 100%[34] |
| Tennessee 8 | Andrew Ewing | Democratic | 1849 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Whig gain. |
|
| Tennessee 9 | Isham G. Harris | Democratic | 1849 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Tennessee 10 | Frederick P. Stanton | Democratic | 1845 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Tennessee 11 | Christopher H. Williams | Whig | 1849 | Incumbent re-elected. | ▌ Christopher H. Williams (Whig) 100%[38] |
Texas edit
Elections were held August 4, 1851, after the March 4, 1851 beginning of the term, but before the House first convened in December 1851.
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Texas 1 | |||||
| Texas 2 | |||||
Utah Territory edit
See Non-voting delegates, below.
Vermont edit
Elections were held September 3, 1850.
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Vermont 1 | |||||
| Vermont 2 | |||||
| Vermont 3 | |||||
| Vermont 4 | |||||
Virginia edit
Elections were held October 23, 1851, after the March 4, 1851 beginning of the term, but before the House first convened in December 1851.
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Virginia 1 | |||||
| Virginia 2 | |||||
| Virginia 3 | |||||
| Virginia 4 | |||||
| Virginia 5 | |||||
| Virginia 6 | |||||
| Virginia 7 | |||||
| Virginia 8 | |||||
| Virginia 9 | |||||
| Virginia 10 | |||||
| Virginia 11 | |||||
| Virginia 12 | |||||
| Virginia 13 | |||||
| Virginia 14 | |||||
| Virginia 15 | |||||
Wisconsin edit
Elections were held November 5, 1850.
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates[39] | |
| Wisconsin 1 | Charles Durkee | Free Soil | 1848 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Wisconsin 2 | Orsamus Cole | Whig | 1848 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
|
| Wisconsin 3 | James Duane Doty | Democratic | 1848 | Incumbent won re-election as an Independent. Independent Democratic gain. |
|
Non-voting delegates edit
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Delegate | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Minnesota Territory | Henry Hastings Sibley | Democratic | 1848 (Wis. Territory: special) 1849 (Wis. Territory: eliminated) 1849 (Minn. Territory) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| New Mexico Territory | New seat | New seat. Democratic gain. |
| ||
| Oregon Territory | Samuel Thurston | Democratic | 1849 (new seat) | Incumbent died April 9, 1851. New delegate elected June 2, 1851.[41] Democratic hold. |
|
| Utah Territory | New seat | New seat. Independent gain. |
| ||
See also edit
Notes edit
- ^ Includes two Unionist Whigs, three Unionist Democrats, and ten Unionists.
- ^ Includes one Secessionist Democrat, one Secessionist Whig, three Southern Rights Democrats, and three Southern Rightists.
- ^ Includes two Independent Democrats, one Benton Democrat and one Independent Whig.
- ^ Free Soil had 4 seats and States' Rights had 3.
- ^ Unionist had 10 seats.
- ^ a b c Includes one Independent Democrat.
- ^ There was 1 Know-Nothing in the 31st Congress.
- ^ In 1845, Congress passed a law providing for a uniform date for choosing presidential electors.[1] Congressional elections were unaffected by this law, but the date was gradually adopted by the states for congressional elections as well.
- ^ One seat, Massachusetts's 4th congressional district, had been vacant during the entire 31st Congress.
- ^ There was 1 Independent in the 31st Congress.
- ^ a b Includes 1 Independent Whig.
- ^ Includes three Independent Democrats from Ohio, Tennessee, and Wisconsin.
References edit
- ^ Statutes at Large, 28th Congress, 2nd Session, p. 721
- ^ Guide to U.S. Elections. Vol. II (6th ed.). Washington, D.C.: CQ Press. 2010. p. 1016. ISBN 9781604265361. LCCN 2009033938. OCLC 430736650.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - CA - At Large Race - Sep 03, 1851". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved October 16, 2020.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - DE District At Large Race - Nov 12, 1850". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved February 4, 2024.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - FL At Large Race - Oct 07, 1850". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved October 20, 2023.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - GA District 01 Race - Oct 06, 1851". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved October 19, 2023.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - GA District 02 Race - Oct 06, 1851". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved October 20, 2023.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - GA District 03 Race - Oct 06, 1851". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved October 20, 2023.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - GA District 04 Race - Oct 06, 1851". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved October 20, 2023.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - GA District 05 Race - Oct 06, 1851". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved October 20, 2023.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - GA District 06 Race - Oct 06, 1851". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved October 20, 2023.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - GA District 07 Race - Oct 06, 1851". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved October 20, 2023.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - MA District 4 - 1st Trial Race - Nov 11, 1850". www.ourcampaigns.com.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - MA District 4 - 2nd Trial Race - Jan 20, 1851". www.ourcampaigns.com.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - MA District 4 - 3rd Trial Race - Apr 07, 1851". www.ourcampaigns.com.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - MA District 4 - 4th Trial Race - May 26, 1851". www.ourcampaigns.com.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - MA District 7 - 1st Trial Race - Nov 11, 1850". www.ourcampaigns.com.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - MA District 7 - 2nd Trial Race - Jan 20, 1851". www.ourcampaigns.com.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - MA District 7 - 3rd Trial Race - Apr 07, 1851". www.ourcampaigns.com.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - MA District 7 - 4th Trial Race - May 26, 1851". www.ourcampaigns.com.
- ^ "MI - District 01 Race - Nov 05, 1850". Our Campaigns. January 11, 2010. Retrieved June 27, 2022.
- ^ "MI - District 02 Race - Nov 05, 1850". Our Campaigns. January 11, 2010. Retrieved June 27, 2022.
- ^ "MI - District 03 Race - Nov 05, 1850". Our Campaigns. January 11, 2010. Retrieved June 27, 2022.
- ^ "MS - District 01". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 9, 2021.
- ^ "MS - District 02". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 9, 2021.
- ^ "MS - District 03". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 9, 2021.
- ^ "MS - District 04". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 9, 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 01". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 16, 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 02". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 16, 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 03". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 16, 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 04". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 16, 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 05". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 16, 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 06". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 16, 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 07". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 16, 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 08". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 16, 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 09". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 16, 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 10". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 16, 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 11". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 16, 2021.
- ^ "Wisconsin Congressional election 1850 / Official". Wisconsin Argus. December 17, 1850. p. 2. Retrieved May 23, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Later from New-Mexico--Murder, and Great Excitement". The New York Times. Retrieved October 16, 2020.
- ^ "Earliest Authorities in Oregon" (PDF). Oregon Secretary of State. p. 23.
Bibliography edit
- Dubin, Michael J. (March 1, 1998). United States Congressional Elections, 1788-1997: The Official Results of the Elections of the 1st Through 105th Congresses. McFarland and Company. ISBN 978-0786402830.
- Martis, Kenneth C. (January 1, 1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress, 1789-1989. Macmillan Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0029201701.
- Moore, John L., ed. (1994). Congressional Quarterly's Guide to U.S. Elections (Third ed.). Congressional Quarterly Inc. ISBN 978-0871879967.
- "Party Divisions of the House of Representatives* 1789–Present". Office of the Historian, House of United States House of Representatives. Retrieved January 21, 2015.
External links edit
- Office of the Historian (Office of Art & Archives, Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives)
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