Oscar al millor documental

categoria dels premis Oscar del cinema estatunidenc

L'Oscar al millor documental (en anglès Academy Award for Documentary Feature) és un premi cinematogràfic estatunidenc atorgat cada any, des de 1942 per l'Acadèmia de les Arts i les Ciències Cinematogràfiques, la qual atorga igualment tots els altres Oscars.[1]

Plantilla:Infotaula esdevenimentOscar al millor documental
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Tipuspremi a la millor pel·lícula per gènere
Oscar Modifica el valor a Wikidata
Vigència1942 Modifica el valor a Wikidata - 
EstatEstats Units d'Amèrica Modifica el valor a Wikidata
Conferit perAcadèmia de les Arts i les Ciències Cinematogràfiques Modifica el valor a Wikidata

Lloc weboscars.org Modifica el valor a Wikidata

Guanyadors i nominats

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Seguint les normes de l'Acadèmia, les pel·lícules són a la llista sota l'any que han estat seleccionades. A la pràctica, degut a la naturalesa de la distribució dels documentals, una pel·lícula pot sortir en diferents anys, algunes vegades anys després de completar la producció. Els llorejats són indicats al capdavant de cada categoria i en negreta.

Dècada de 1940

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AnyPel·lículaDirector/s
1942The Battle of MidwayJohn Ford
Kokoda Front LineKen G. Hall
La derrota de les tropes feixistes alemanyes als afores de MoscouLeonid Varlàmov, Ilià Kopalin
Prelude to WarFrank Capra, Anatole Litvak
Africa, Prelude to Victory
Combat Report
Conquer by the Clock
The Grain That Built a Hemisphere
Henry Browne, Farmer
High Over the Borders
High Stakes in the East
Inside Fighting China
It's Everybody's War
Listen to Britain
Little Belgium
Little Isles of Freedom
Mr. Blabbermouth!
Mister Gardenia Jones
The New Spirit
The Price of Victory
A Ship Is Born
Twenty-One Miles
We Refuse to Die
The White Eagle
Winning Your Wings
La categoria es va separar en dues per llargmetratges i curtmetratges. A continuació es relacionen només els llarmetratges.
1943Desert VictoryRoy Boulting
Baptism of Fire
The Battle of RussiaFrank Capra, Anatole Litvak
Report from the AleutiansJohn Huston
War Department ReportOliver Lundquist
1944The Fighting LadyEdward Steichen
Resisting Enemy InterrogationBernard Vorhaus
1945The True GloryGarson Kanin, Carol Reed
The Last BombFrank Lloyd
1946 Premi no atorgat
1947Design for DeathRichard Fleischer
Journey Into MedicineWillard Van Dyke
The World Is RichPaul Rotha
1948The Secret Land
The Quiet OneSidney Meyers
1949Daybreak in UdiTerry Bishop
Kenji Comes HomeCharles F. Schwep

Dècada de 1950

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AnyPel·lículaDirector/s
1950The Titan: Story of MichelangeloRobert J. Flaherty, Richard Lyford, Curt Oertel
With These HandsJack Arnold
1951Kon-TikiThor Heyerdahl
I Was a Communist for the FBIGordon Douglas
1952The Sea Around UsIrwin Allen
The HoaxtersHerman Hoffman, Dore Schary
NavajoNorman Foster
1953The Living DesertJames Algar
The Conquest of EverestGeorge Lowe
A Queen Is CrownedMichael Waldman
1954The Vanishing PrairieJames Algar
The Stratford AdventureMorten Parker
1955Helen Keller in Her StoryNancy Hamilton
CrèvecoeurJacques Dupont
1956The Silent WorldJacques-Yves Cousteau, Louis Malle
Hvor bjergene sejlerBjarne Henning-Jensen
The Naked EyeLouis Clyde Stoumen
1957Albert SchweitzerJerome Hill
On the BoweryLionel Rogosin
Toreroarlos Velo
1958White WildernessJames Algar
Antarctic CrossingGeorge Lowe
The Hidden WorldRobert Snyder
Psychiatric NursingLee R. Bobker
1959Serengeti Shall Not DieBernhard Grzimek
The Race for SpaceDavid L. Wolper

Dècada de 1960

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AnyPel·lículaDirector/s
1960The Horse with the Flying TailLarry Lansburgh
Rebel in ParadiseRobert D. Fraser
1961Le Ciel et la BouePierre-Dominique Gaisseau
La grande olimpiadeRomolo Marcellini
1962Black Fox: The Rise and Fall of Adolf HitlerLouis Clyde Stoumen
AlvoradaHugo Niebeling
1963Robert Frost: A Lover's Quarrel With the WorldShirley Clarke
Le Maillon et la ChaîneJacques Ertaud, Bernard Gorki
The Yanks Are ComingMarshall Flaum
1964Le Monde sans soleilJacques-Yves Cousteau
14-18Jean Aurel
AllemanBert Haanstra
The Finest HoursPeter Baylis
Four Days in NovemberMel Stuart
1965The Eleanor Roosevelt StoryRichard Kaplan
The Battle of the Bulge... The Brave RiflesLaurence E. Mascott
The Forth Road BridgeGordon Lang
Let My People Go: The Story of IsraelMarshall Flaum
Mourir à MadridFrédéric Rossif
1966The War GamePeter Watkins
The Face of a GeniusAlfred R. Kelman
Helicopter CanadaPeter Jones, Tom Daly
The Really Big FamilyAlex Grasshoff
Le Volcan interditHaroun Tazieff
1967The Anderson PlatoonPierre Schoendoerffer
FestivalMurray Lerner
HarvestCarroll Ballard
A King's StoryJack Le Vien
A Time for BurningWilliam C. Jersey
1968Journey into Self ABill McGaw
A Few Notes on Our Food ProblemJames Blue
Legendary ChampionsWilliam Cayton
Other VoicesDavid H. Sawyer
1969Arthur Rubinstein – The Love of LifeBernard Chevry
Before the Mountain Was MovedRobert K. Sharpe
In the Year of the PigEmile de Antonio
The Olympics in MexicoComité Organizador de los Juegos de la XIX Olimpiada
The Wolf MenIrwin Rosten

Dècada de 1970

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AnyPel·lículaDirector/s
1970WoodstockMichael Wadleigh
Erinnerungen an die ZukunftHarald Reinl
Jack JohnsonJimmy Jacobs
King: A Filmed Record... Montgomery to MemphisSidney Lumet
Say GoodbyeDavid H. Vowell
1971The Hellstrom ChronicleEd Spiegel, Walon Green
Alaska Wilderness LakeAlan Landsburg
Le Chagrin et la PitiéMarcel Ophüls
On Any SundayBruce Brown
RaLennart Ehrenborg, Thor Heyerdahl
1972MarjoeHoward Smith, Sarah Kernochan
Bij de beesten afBert Haanstra
Malcolm XArnold Perl
MansonRobert Hendrickson, Laurence Merrick
The Silent RevolutionEckehard Munck
1973The Great American CowboyKieth Merrill
Always a New BeginningJohn D. Goodell
Journey to the Outer LimitsAlexander Grasshoff
Schlacht um BerlinFranz Baake, Jost von Morr
Walls of FireHerbert Kline, Edmund Penney
1974Hearts and MindsPeter Davis
Antonia: A Portrait of the WomanJudy Collins, Jill Godmilow
The Challenge... A Tribute to Modern ArtHerbert Kline
The 81st BlowDavid Bergman, Jacques Ehrlich, Haim Gouri
The Wild and the BraveEugene S. Jones
1975The Man Who Skied Down EverestBruce Nyznik, Lawrence Schiller
The California ReichKeith F. Critchlow, Walter F. Parkes
Fighting for Our LivesGlen Pearcy
Man: The Incredible MachineIrwin Rosten, Ed Spiegel
The Other Half of the Sky: A China MemoirShirley MacLaine, Claudia Weill
1976Harlan County, USABarbara Kopple
Hollywood on TrialDavid Helpern
Off the EdgeMichael Firth
People of the WindAnthony Howarth, David Koff
Volcano: An Inquiry Into the Life and Death of Malcolm LowryDonald Brittain, John Kramer
1977Who Are the DeBolts? And Where Did They Get Nineteen Kids?John Korty
The Children of Theatre StreetRobert Dornhelm, Earle Mack
High Grass CircusTorben Schioler, Tony Ianzelo
Homage to Chagall: The Colours of LoveHarry Rasky
Union MaidsJim Klein, Miles Mogulescu, Julia Reichert
1978Scared Straight!Arnold Shapiro
Mysterious Castles of ClayJoan Root, Alan Root
RaoniJean-Pierre Dutilleux, Luiz Carlos Saldanha
Le vent des amoureuxAlbert Lamorisse
With Babies and Banners: Story of the Women's Emergency BrigadeLorraine Gray
1979Best BoyIra Wohl
Generation on the WindDavid Vassar
Going the DistancePaul Cowan
The Killing GroundSteve Singer, Tom Priestley
The War at HomeGlenn Silber

Dècada de 1980

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AnyPel·lículaDirector/s
1980From Mao to Mozart: Isaac Stern in ChinaMurray Lerner
AgeeRoss Spears
The Day After TrinityJon H. Else
Front LineDavid Bradbury
Der gelbe Stern – Die Judenverfolgung 1933–1945Dieter Hildebrandt
1981GenocideArnold Schwartzman
Against Wind and Tide: A Cuban OdysseyJohn Brousek
Brooklyn BridgeKen Burns
Eight Minutes to Midnight: A Portrait of Dr. Helen CaldicottMary Benjamin
El Salvador: Another VietnamGlenn Silber, Teté Vasconcellos
1982Just Another Missing KidJohn Zaritsky
A Portrait of GiselleMuriel Balash
After the AxeSturla Gunnarsson
Ben's MillMichel Chalufour, John Karol
In Our WaterMeg Switzgable
1983He Makes Me Feel Like Dancin'Emile Ardolino
Children of DarknessAra Chekmayan, Richard Kotuk
First ContactRobin Anderson, Bob Connolly
The Profession of ArmsMichael Bryans, Tina Viljoen
Seeing RedJim Klein, Julia Reichert
1984The Times of Harvey MilkRobert Epstein, Richard Schmiechen
High SchoolsCharles Guggenheim
In the Name of the PeopleFrank Christopher
MarleneMaximilian Schell
StreetwiseMartin Bell
1985Broken RainbowMaria Florio, Victoria Mudd
Las Madres de la Plaza de MayoSusana Blaustein Muñoz, Lourdes Portillo
Soldiers in HidingMalcolm Clarke
The Statue of LibertyKen Burns
Unfinished BusinessSteven Okazaki
1986Artie Shaw: Time Is All You've GotBrigitte Berman
Down and Out in AmericaLee Grant
Chile: Hasta Cuando?David Bradbury
Isaac in America: A Journey with Isaac Bashevis SingerAmram Nowak
Witness to ApartheidSharon I. Sopher
1987The Ten-Year Lunch: The Wit and Legend of the Algonquin Round TableAviva Slesin
Eyes on the Prize: America's Civil Rights Years/Bridge to Freedom 1965Henry Hampton
Hellfire: A Journey from HiroshimaMichael Camerini, John Junkerman, James MacDonald
Radio BikiniRobert Stone
A Stitch for TimeNigel Noble
1988Hôtel Terminus: The Life and Times of Klaus BarbieMarcel Ophüls
The Cry of Reason: Beyers Naude – An Afrikaner Speaks OutRobert Bilheimer
Let's Get LostBruce Weber
Promises to KeepGinny Durrin
Who Killed Vincent Chin?Christine Choy, Renee Tajima-Peña
1989Common Threads: Stories from the QuiltRob Epstein, Jeffrey Friedman
Adam Clayton PowellRichard Kilberg
Crack USA: County Under SiegeVince DiPersio, Bill Guttentag
For All MankindAl Reinert
Super Chief: The Life and Legacy of Earl WarrenBill Jersey, Judith Leonard

Dècada de 1990

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AnyPel·lículaDirector/s
1990American DreamBarbara Kopple
Berkeley in the SixtiesMark Kitchell
Building BombsMark Mori, Susan J. Robinson
Forever Activists: Stories from the Veterans of the Abraham Lincoln BrigadeConnie Field, Judith Montell
Waldo Salt: A Screenwriter's JourneyEugene Corr, Robert Hillmann
1991In the Shadow of the StarsAllie Light, Irving Saraf
Death on the JobVince DiPersio, Bill Guttentag
Doing Time: Life Inside the Big HouseAlan Raymond
The Restless Conscience: Resistance to Hitler Within Germany 1933–1945Hava Kohav Beller
Wild by LawLawrence Hott, Diane Garey
1992The Panama DeceptionBarbara Trent
Changing Our Minds: The Story of Dr. Evelyn HookerRichard Schmiechen
Fires of KuwaitDavid Douglas
Liberators: Fighting on Two Fronts in World War IIWilliam Miles, Nina Rosenblum
Music for the Movies: Bernard HerrmannJoshua Waletzky
1993I Am a Promise: The Children of Stanton Elementary SchoolSusan Raymond
The Broadcast Tapes of Dr. PeterArthur Ginsberg, David Paperny
Children of FateAndrew Young, Susan Todd
For Better or For WorseDavid Collier, Betsy Thompson
The War RoomChris Hegedus, D. A. Pennebaker
1994Maya Lin: A Strong Clear VisionFreida Lee Mock
Complaints of a Dutiful DaughterDeborah Hoffmann
D-Day RememberedCharles Guggenheim
Freedom on My MindConnie Field, Marilyn Mulford
A Great Day in HarlemJean Bach
1995Anne Frank RememberedJon Blair
The Battle Over Citizen KaneMichael Epstein, Thomas Lennon
Hank Aaron: Chasing the DreamMichael Tollin
Small WondersAllan Miller
Troublesome Creek: A MidwesternSteven Ascher, Jeanne Jordan
1996When We Were KingsLeon Gast
The Line King: The Al Hirschfeld StorySusan Warms Dryfoos
MandelaAngus Gibson, Jo Menell
Suzanne Farrell: Elusive MuseAnne Belle, Deborah Dickson
Tell the Truth and Run: George Seldes and the American PressRick Goldsmith
1997The Long Way HomeMark Jonathan Harris
Ayn Rand: A Sense of LifeMichael Paxton
Colors Straight UpMichèle Ohayon
4 Little GirlsSpike Lee
Waco: The Rules of EngagementWilliam Gazecki
1998The Last DaysJames Moll
The DancemakerMatthew Diamond
The Farm: Angola, U.S.A.Liz Garbus, Wilbert Rideau, Jonathan Stack
Lenny Bruce: Swear to Tell the TruthRobert B. Weide
Regret to InformBarbara Sonneborn
1999One Day in SeptemberKevin Macdonald
Buena Vista Social ClubWim Wenders
Genghis BluesRoko Belic
On the RopesNanette Burstein, Brett Morgen
Speaking in StringsPaola di Florio

Dècada de 2000

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AnyPel·lículaDirector/s
2000Into the Arms of Strangers: Stories of the KindertransportMark Jonathan Harris, Deborah Oppenheimer
LegacyTod Lending
Long Night's Journey into DayDeborah Hoffmann, Frances Reid
Scottsboro: An American TragedyDaniel Anker, Barak Goodman
Sound and FuryJosh Aronson, Roger Weisberg
2001Un coupable idéalJean-Xavier de Lestrade, Denis Poncet
Children UndergroundEdet Belzberg
LaLee's Kin: The Legacy of CottonDeborah Dickson, Susan Frömke
PromisesB.Z. Goldberg, Justine Shapiro
War PhotographerChristian Frei
2002Bowling for ColumbineMichael Donovan, Michael Moore
Daughter from DanangGail Dolgin, Vicente Franco
Prisoner of ParadiseMalcolm Clarke, Stuart Sender
SpellboundJeffrey Blitz, Sean Welch
Le Peuple migrateurJacques Perrin
2003The Fog of WarErrol Morris, Michael Williams
BalserosCarlos Bosch, Josep Maria Domenech
Capturant els FriedmanAndrew Jarecki, Marc Smerling
My ArchitectNathaniel Kahn, Susan R. Behr
The Weather UndergroundSam Green, Bill Siegel
2004Born into BrothelsRoss Kauffman, Zana Briski
La història del camell que ploraByambasuren Davaa, Luigi Falorni
Super Size MeMorgan Spurlock
Tupac: ResurrectionKarolyn Ali, Lauren Lazin
Twist of FaithKirby Dick, Eddie Schmidt
2005El viatge de l'emperadorLuc Jacquet
El malson de DarwinHubert Sauper
Enron: The Smartest Guys in the RoomAlex Gibney, Jason Kliot
MurderballHenry Alex Rubin, Dana Adam Shapiro
Street FightMarshall Curry
2006An Inconvenient TruthDavis Guggenheim
Deliver Us from EvilAmy Berg, Frank Donner
Iraq in FragmentsJames Longley, Yahya Sinno
Jesus CampHeidi Ewing, Rachel Grady
My Country, My CountryJocelyn Glatzer, Laura Poitras
2007Taxi to the Dark SideAlex Gibney, Eva Orner
No End in SightCharles Ferguson, Audrey Marrs
Operation Homecoming: Writing the Wartime ExperienceRichard Robbins
SiCKOMichael Moore, Meghan O'Hara
War/DanceSean Fine, Andrea Nix
2008Man on WireSimon Chinn, James Marsh
Nerakhoon (The Betrayal)Ellen Kuras, Thavisouk Phrasavath
Encounters at the End of the WorldWerner Herzog, Henry Kaiser
The GardenScott Hamilton Kennedy
Trouble the WaterCarl Deal, Tia Lessin
2009The CoveLouie Psihoyos, Fisher Stevens
Burma VJAnders Østergaard, Lise Lense-Møller
Food, Inc.Robert Kenner, Elise Pearlstein
The Most Dangerous Man in America: Daniel Ellsberg and the Pentagon PapersJudith Ehrlich, Rick Goldsmith
Which Way HomeRebecca Cammisa

Dècada de 2010

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AnyPel·lículaDirector/s
2010Inside JobCharles H. Ferguson, Audrey Marrs
Exit Through the Gift ShopBanksy, Jaimie D'Cruz
GaslandJosh Fox, Trish Adlesic
RestrepoTim Hetherington, Sebastian Junger
Waste LandLucy Walker, Angus Aynsley
2011UndefeatedT. J. Martin, Daniel Lindsay, Rich Middlemas
Hell and Back AgainDanfung Dennis, Mike Lerner
If a Tree Falls: A Story of the Earth Liberation FrontMarshall Curry, Sam Cullman
Paradise Lost 3: PurgatoryJoe Berlinger, Bruce Sinofsky
PinaWim Wenders, Gian-Piero Ringel
2012Searching for Sugar ManMalik Bendjelloul, Simon Chinn
5 Broken CamerasEmad Burnat, Guy Davidi
The GatekeepersDror Moreh, Philippa Kowarsky, Estelle Fialon
How to Survive a PlagueDavid France, Howard Gertler
The Invisible WarKirby Dick, Amy Ziering
201320 Feet from StardomMorgan Neville, Gil Friesen, Caitrin Rogers
The Act of KillingJoshua Oppenheimer, Signe Byrge Sørensen
Cutie and the BoxerZachary Heinzerling, Lydia Dean Pilcher
Dirty WarsRichard Rowley, Jeremy Scahill
The SquareJehane Noujaim, Karim Amer
2014CitizenfourLaura Poitras, Mathilde Bonnefoy, Dirk Wilutzky
Finding Vivian MaierJohn Maloof, Charlie Siskel
Last Days in VietnamRory Kennedy, Kevin McAlester
La sal de la terraWim Wenders, Juliano Ribeiro Salgado, David Rosier
VirungaOrlando von Einsiedel, Joanna Natasegara
2015AmyAsif Kapadia, James Gay-Rees
Cartel LandMatthew Heineman, Tom Yellin
The Look of SilenceJoshua Oppenheimer, Signe Byrge Sørensen
What Happened, Miss Simone?Liz Garbus, Amy Hobby, Justin Wilkes
Winter on Fire: Ukraine's Fight for FreedomEvgeny Afineevsky, Den Tolmor
2016O.J.: Made in AmericaEzra Edelman, Caroline Waterlow
Fire at SeaGianfranco Rosi, Donatella Palermo
I Am Not Your NegroRaoul Peck, Rémi Grellety, Hébert Peck
Life, AnimatedRoger Ross Williams, Julie Goldman
13thAva DuVernay, Spencer Averick, Howard Barish
2017IcarusBryan Fogel, Dan Cogan
Abacus: Small Enough to JailSteve James, Mark Mitten, Julie Goldman
Visages, VillagesAgnès Varda, JR, Rosalie Varda
Last Men in AleppoFeras Fayyad, Kareem Abeed, Søren Steen Jespersen
Strong IslandYance Ford, Joslyn Barnes
2018Free SoloElizabeth Chai Vasarhelyi, Jimmy Chin, Evan Hayes, Shannon Dill
Hale County This Morning, This EveningRaMell Ross, Joslyn Barnes, Su Kim
Minding the GapBing Liu, Diane Quon
Of Fathers and SonsTalal Derki, Ansgar Frerich, Eva Kemme, Tobias N. Siebert
RBGBetsy West i Julie Cohen
2019American FactorySteven Bognar, Julia Reichert, Jeff Reichert
The CaveFeras Fayyad, Kirstine Barfod, Sigrid Dyekjær
The Edge of DemocracyPetra Costa, Joanna Natasegara, Shane Boris, Tiago Pavan
For SamaWaad al-Kateab, Edward Watts
HoneylandLjubomir Stefanov, Tamara Kotevska, Atanas Georgiev

Dècada de 2020

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AnyPel·lículaDirector/s
2020My Octopus TeacherPippa Ehrlich, James Reed, Craig Foster
ColectivAlexander Nanau, Bianca Oana
Crip CampNicole Newnham, Jim LeBrecht, Sara Bolder
El agente topoMaite Alberdi, Marcela Santibáñez
TimeGarrett Bradley, Lauren Domino, Kellen Quinn
2021Summer of SoulQuestlove, Joseph Patel, Robert Fyvolent, David Dinerstein
AscensionJessica Kingdon, Kira Simon-Kennedy, Nathan Truesdell
AtticaStanley Nelson, Traci A. Curry
FleeJonas Poher Rasmussen, Monica Hellström, Signe Byrge Sørensen, Charlotte De La Gournerie
Writing with FireRintu Thomas, Sushmit Ghosh
  • Nota A: El documental Young Americans, produït per Robert Cohn i Alex Grasshoff, fou anunciat com el guanyador d'aquesta categoria el 14 d'abril de 1969, però el 7 de maig següent va ser declarada no elegible perquè es va revelar que havia estat rodada durant l'any 1967, de manera que se li va retirar el guardó i la nominació. Com a resultat, el primer finalista, Journey into Self, fou declarat guanyar d'aquesta edició en aquesta categoria.

Controvèrsies

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Es podria dir que l'Oscar al millor documental és el més controvertit dels Premis de l'Acadèmia. No es nominen gaires documentals aclamats per la crítica. Els exemples inclouen The Thin Blue Line, Roger & Me, Hoop Dreams, i Fahrenheit 9/11 (vegeu més avall). La controvèrsia sobre Hoop Dreams va ser suficient per forçar els Premis d'Acadèmia a canviar el seu sistema de votació als documentals.[2]

Les noves normes es debaten des del 2005, amb Grizzly Man, un documental que sortia en el top ten de molts crítics,[3] i que no es nominava, ni tan sols sortia a la llista interna de quinze títols distribuïda internament per l'Acadèmia. L'exclusió de Grizzly Man es revelava més tard com a resultat d'una norma de l'Acadèmia que desqualificava pel·lícules documentals per seqüències d'arxiu. Tanmateix, Grizzly Man incloïa noves entrevistes i altres seqüències filmades exclusivament per a la pel·lícula.

Hi ha debat pel paper que la distribució per televisió hauria de jugar en el procés de selecció. Fahrenheit 9/11, de Michael Moore, en el seu moment era inelegible perquè Moore havia optat per distribuir-la per televisió abans dels votacions del 2004. Al contrari el guanyador de 1982, Just Another Missing Kid, dirigida per John Zaritsky, es va crear editant juntes seqüències que originalment va filmar per a l'espectacle periodístic d'investigació de la TV canadenca The Fifth Estate.

Referències

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  1. «Reglament dels Oscar 2009». Arxivat de l'original el 2013-12-11. [Consulta: 21 febrer 2010].
  2. «"Steve James, Frederick Marx i Peter Gilbert: Hoop Dreams: de curtcircuitar el tema a primera divisió"; 30 de juliol de 1995.». Arxivat de l'original el 2007-06-07. [Consulta: 27 febrer 2010].
  3. «criticstop10.net». Arxivat de l'original el 2007-06-15. [Consulta: 15 juny 2007].