美國總統選舉阿肯色州選情

阿肯色州美國中南部[1],1836年6月加入聯邦英语admission to the Union以來,歷經46屆美国总统选举。在政党重组1860年選舉,阿肯色州為10個未為共和黨籍候選人亚伯拉罕·林肯提供選票的蓄奴州之一[2]。之後约翰·C·布雷肯里奇以微弱優勢在阿肯色州勝出,成為首位在阿肯色州勝出的第三黨籍候選人[3]。是次選舉後不久,阿肯色州脫離美利堅合眾國,加入美利堅聯盟國[4],於是未舉行1864年總統選舉[5]南北战争後的1868年,阿肯色州重新加入合眾國[6]。在1872年選舉,阿肯色州全數共6張選舉人票因選舉舞弊指控等各種違規行為作廢[7]

美国总统选举阿肯色州选情
Map of the United States with Arkansas highlighted
选举次数46
投给民主党次数32
投给共和党次数12
投给其他政党次数2[a]
投给最终获胜候选人次数27
投给最终失败候选人次数19

直至1964年,阿肯色州一直被認為是民主黨大本營,民主黨通常以巨大優勢在該州勝出,然而近來政黨重組導致共和黨占優[8]。在1968年總統選舉美國獨立黨籍候選人乔治·华莱士成為第2個在阿肯色州勝出的第三黨籍候選人[9]。在1992年總統選舉,由於無黨籍候選人表現出色,阿肯色州成為唯一勝出者得票率超過50%的州[10],時任州長的民主黨籍候選人比尔·克林顿以53.21%得票率在阿肯色州勝出[11]。然而1996年柯林頓連任以後,阿肯色州一直由共和黨勝出[12]

總統選舉選情

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黨派圖示
  美國獨立黨(AI)
  民主黨(D)
  迪克西民主党(DI)
  農工黨英语Farmer–Labor Party(FL)
  綠黨(G)
  绿背党(GB)
  無黨籍(I)
  一無所知黨(KN)
  自由意志黨(LI)
  國家州權黨(NSR)
  人民黨(PO)
  禁酒黨(PRO)
  改革黨(RE)
  共和黨(R)
  美國社會黨(S)
  南方民主党(SD)
  輝格黨(W)

:雙劍標( )代表在全國最終勝出者。

1836至1856年

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1836至1856年總統選舉阿肯色州選情
年份勝出者第二位選舉人票參考文獻
候選人得票數%候選人得票數%
1836马丁·范布伦(D) 2,38064.08%休·勞森·懷特英语Hugh Lawson White(W)1,33435.92%3
1840马丁·范布伦(D)6,67956.42%威廉·亨利·哈里森(W) 5,16043.58%3
1844詹姆士·K·波爾克(D) 9,54663.01%亨利·克莱(W)5,60436.99%3
1848刘易斯·卡斯(D)9,30155.07%扎卡里·泰勒(W) 7,58744.93%3
1852富兰克林·皮尔斯(D) 12,17362.18%温菲尔德·斯科特(W)7,40437.82%4
1856詹姆斯·布坎南(D) 21,91067.12%米勒德·菲尔莫尔(KN)10,73232.88%4

1860至1864年

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1860年選舉為複雜的政黨重組選舉,先前兩黨聯盟的破裂最終導致4個政黨爭奪國家各部分影響力[30]。選舉結果為奴隸制強烈反對者勝利,刺激11個州脫離美利堅合眾國,並引發南北战争[31]

1860年總統選舉阿肯色州選情
年份勝出者第二位第三位第四位選舉人票參考文獻
候選人得票數
(%)
候選人得票數
(%)
候選人得票數
(%)
候選人得票數
(%)
1860约翰·C·布雷肯里奇 (SD)28,732
53.06%)
約翰·貝爾英语John Bell (Tennessee politician)(CU)20,063
37.05%)
史蒂芬·A·道格拉斯(D)5,357
9.89%)
亚伯拉罕·林肯(R)
[b]
4
1864
阿肯色州因脫離美利堅合眾國,加入美利堅聯盟國而未舉行選舉

1868年至今

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1864年至今總統選舉阿肯色州選情
年份勝出者第二位其他候選人[c]選舉人票參考文獻
候選人得票數%候選人得票數%候選人得票數%
尤利西斯·S·格蘭特(R) 22,11253.68%霍拉肖·西摩(D)19,07846.32%
5
尤利西斯·S·格蘭特(R) 41,37352.17%霍勒斯·格里利(LR)[d]37,92747.83%
[e]
塞繆爾·J·蒂爾頓(D)58,08659.92%拉瑟福德·B·海斯(R) 38,64939.87%彼得·庫珀英语Peter Cooper(GB)2110.22%6
温菲尔德·斯科特·汉考克(D)60,48955.56%詹姆士·A·加菲爾(R) 41,66138.27%詹姆斯·B·韦弗(GB)4,0793.75%6
格罗弗·克利夫兰(D) 72,73457.83%詹姆斯·G·布莱恩(R)51,19840.7%班傑明·F·巴特勒英语Benjamin Butler(GB)1,8471.47%7
格罗弗·克利夫兰86,06254.8%本杰明·哈里森(R) 59,75238.04%阿爾松·J·斯特里特英语Alson Streeter(L)10,6306.77%7
格罗弗·克利夫兰(D) 87,83459.3%本杰明·哈里森(R)47,07231.78%詹姆斯·B·韦弗(PO)11,8317.99%8
威廉·詹宁斯·布莱恩(D)110,10373.7%威廉·麦金莱(R) 37,51225.11%約書亞·利弗林英语Joshua Levering(PRO)8890.6%8
威廉·詹宁斯·布莱恩(D)81,24263.49%威廉·麦金莱(R) 44,80035.01%沃頓·巴克英语Wharton Barker(PO)9720.76%8
奧爾頓·B·帕克英语Alton B. Parker(D)64,43455.39%西奥多·罗斯福(R) 46,76040.2%湯瑪斯·E·華森英语Thomas E. Watson(PO)2,3181.99%9
威廉·詹宁斯·布莱恩(D)87,02057.31%威廉·霍华德·塔夫脱(R) 56,68437.33%尤金·德布斯(S)5,8423.85%9
伍德罗·威尔逊(D) 68,81455.01%威廉·霍华德·塔夫脱(R)25,58520.45%西奥多·罗斯福(PR)21,64417.3%9
伍德罗·威尔逊(D) 112,21166.65%查尔斯·埃文斯·休斯(R)48,87929.03%艾倫·L·本森英语Allan L. Benson(S)6,9994.16%9
詹姆士·M·考克斯(D)107,40958.49%華倫·G·哈定(R) 71,11738.73%帕利·P·克里斯滕森英语Parley P. Christensen(FL)5,1112.78%9
約翰·W·戴維斯(D)84,79061.2%卡尔文·柯立芝(R) 40,58329.29%勞勃·M·拉福萊特(PR)13,1679.5%9
阿爾·史密斯(D)119,19660.28%赫伯特·胡佛(R) 77,78439.34%諾曼·湯瑪斯(S)4290.22%9
富蘭克林·D·羅斯福(D) 186,82986.27%赫伯特·胡佛(R)27,46612.68%諾曼·湯瑪斯(S)1,1660.59%9
富蘭克林·D·羅斯福(D) 146,76581.79%阿尔夫·兰登(R)32,03917.86%諾曼·湯瑪斯(S)4460.25%9
富蘭克林·D·羅斯福(D) 157,21378.44%溫德爾·威爾基(R)42,12121.02%羅傑·巴布森英语Roger Babson(PRO)7930.4%9
富蘭克林·D·羅斯福(D) 148,96569.95%湯瑪斯·E·杜威(R)63,55129.84%諾曼·湯瑪斯(S)4380.21%9
哈里·S·杜鲁门(D) 149,65961.72%湯瑪斯·E·杜威(R)50,95921.02%斯特罗姆·瑟蒙德(DI)40,06816.52%9
阿德萊·史蒂文森(D)226,30055.9%德懷特·D·艾森豪(R) 177,15543.76%史都華·漢布倫英语Stuart Hamblen(PRO)8860.22%8
阿德萊·史蒂文森(D)213,27752.46%德懷特·D·艾森豪(R) 186,28745.82%T·科爾曼·安德魯斯英语T. Coleman Andrews(C)7,0081.72%8
約翰·F·甘迺迪(D) 215,04950.19%理查德·尼克松(R)184,50843.06%奧瓦爾·福伯斯英语Orval Faubus(NSR)28,9526.76%8
林登·B·詹森(D) 314,19756.06%貝利·高華德(R)243,26443.41%約翰·卡斯珀英语John Kasper(NSR)2,9650.53%6
乔治·华莱士(AI)240,98238.87%理查德·尼克松(R) 190,75930.77%休伯特·汉弗莱(D)188,22830.36%6
理查德·尼克松(R) 448,54168.87%乔治·麦戈文(D)198,89230.54%約翰·G·施米茨(AI)2,8870.44%6
吉米·卡特(D) 499,61465.09%杰拉尔德·福特(R)268,75335.02%尤金·麥卡錫(I)6470.08%6
罗纳德·里根(R) 403,16448.13%吉米·卡特(D)398,04147.52%约翰·B·安德森(I)22,4682.68%6
罗纳德·里根(R) 534,77460.47%沃尔特·蒙代尔(D)338,64638.29%大衛·伯格蘭英语David Bergland(LI)2,2210.25%6
喬治·H·W·布希(R) 466,57856.37%麥可·杜卡基斯(D)349,23742.19%大衛·杜克(PO-1984)5,1460.62%6
比尔·克林顿[f](D) 505,82353.21%喬治·W·布希(R)337,32435.48%罗斯·佩罗(I)99,13210.43%6
比尔·克林顿[f](D) 475,17153.74%鲍勃·多尔(R)325,41636.8%罗斯·佩罗(RE)69,8847.9%6
喬治·W·布希(R) 472,94051.31%阿尔·戈尔(D)422,76845.86%拉尔夫·纳德(G)13,4211.46%6
喬治·W·布希(R) 572,89854.31%約翰·凱瑞(D)469,95344.55%拉尔夫·纳德(I)6,1710.58%6
約翰·麥凱恩(R)638,01758.72%贝拉克·奥巴马(D) 422,31038.86%拉尔夫·纳德(I)12,8821.19%6
米特·羅姆尼(R)647,74460.57%贝拉克·奥巴马(D) 394,40936.88%加里·約翰遜(LI)16,2761.52%6
唐納·川普(R) 684,87260.57%希拉里·克林顿(D)380,49433.65%加里·約翰遜(LI)29,8292.64%6
唐納·川普(R)760,64762.4%乔·拜登(D) 423,93234.78%乔·乔根森(LI)13,1331.08%6

圖表

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下圖顯示歷屆總統選舉民主黨與共和黨阿肯色州得票率差。Y軸上高於原點的值為民主黨得票率高於共和黨的差值,低於原點的值之绝对值為共和黨得票率高於民主黨的差值。

註釋

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  1. ^ 分別為1860年南方民主黨候選人约翰·C·布雷肯里奇與1968年美國獨立黨籍候選人乔治·华莱士
  2. ^ 未得到選票。
  3. ^ 此處僅列出阿肯色州得票數第三位的候選人。
  4. ^ 由於強烈希望擊敗時任總統尤利西斯·S·格蘭特1872年民主黨全國代表大會英语1872 Democratic National Convention還提名自由共和黨籍的格里利與布朗英语Benjamin Gratz Brown作為總統與副總統候選人組合[39]
  5. ^ 阿肯色州舉行了選舉,但因選舉舞弊指控等各種違規行為,全數共6張選舉人票作廢[40]
  6. ^ 6.0 6.1 比爾·柯林頓來自阿肯色州。

參考文獻

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