English: Sir John Malcolm (1769-1833) was a British soldier, colonial administrator, diplomat, linguist, and historian. He was born in Scotland, left school at age 12, and, through an uncle, secured a position in the East India Company. While stationed in various parts of India as an officer in the company’s military forces, he became interested in foreign languages, which he studied diligently. He became fluent in Persian and, over the years, served as an interpreter and British envoy to Persia in various capacities. In 1815, he published his History of Persia, which earned him an honorary doctorate from Oxford University. This map by Aaron Arrowsmith (1750-1823) was produced for Malcolm’s history. Arrowsmith was one of the premier map publishers of the day. His firm was known for rendering the latest geographical findings into impressively detailed maps. His nephew, John Arrowsmith (1790-1873), took over the firm after his death.