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The urogenital opening is where bodily waste and reproductive fluids are expelled to the environment outside of the body cavity. In some organisms, including birds and many fish, discharge from the urological, digestive, and reproductive systems empty into a common sac called the cloaca.
In placental mammals, these three systems are more separated. In females, separate orifices have evolved for all three, while in males, a common urinary meatus discharges both urine and semen from the urethra.[1] In marsupials[2] and rabbits[3][4] and pigs, the female urethra and vagina open into a urogenital sinus with a common urogenital opening.[5]
References
edit- ^ Libbie Henrietta Hyman (15 September 1992). Hyman's Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy. University of Chicago Press. pp. 583–. ISBN 978-0-226-87013-7.
- ^ Withers, Philip C.; Cooper, Christine E.; Maloney, Shane K.; Bozinovic, Francisco; Neto, Ariovaldo P. Cruz (2016-10-27). Ecological and Environmental Physiology of Mammals. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-109267-1.
- ^ Smith, David G.; Schenk, Michael P. (2019-02-01). A Dissection Guide & Atlas to the Rabbit. Morton Publishing Company. ISBN 978-1-61731-938-9.
- ^ Lukefahr, Steven D.; McNitt, James I.; Cheeke, Peter R.; Patton, Nephi M. (2022-04-29). Rabbit Production, 10th Edition. CABI. ISBN 978-1-78924-978-1.
- ^ Smith, David G.; Schenk, Michael P. (2014-01-01). Exploring Zoology: A Laboratory Guide. Morton Publishing Company. ISBN 978-1-61731-157-4.
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