Uhm Jung-hwa (Korean: 엄정화; born August 17, 1969)[1] is a South Korean singer, actress and dancer. Uhm is considered to be one of the most influential women in the Korean entertainment industry, finding success in both music and film.[2] Her legacy and career reinventions have given her the nickname of "Korean Madonna".[3][4]
Uhm Jung-hwa | |
|---|---|
 Uhm in October 2023 | |
| Born | August 17, 1969 |
| Occupations |
|
| Years active | 1987–present |
| Relatives | Uhm Tae-woong (brother) |
| Musical career | |
| Genres | |
| Labels | |
| Website | ilovejunghwa.com |
| Korean name | |
| Hangul | 엄정화 |
| Hanja | |
| Revised Romanization | Eom Jeong-hwa |
| McCune–Reischauer | Ŏm Chŏnghwa |
Uhm began her career in 1989 as a chorus member for the broadcasting company MBC. She starred in the 1993 romance drama film, On a Windy Day, We Must Go to Apgujeong, and released her debut studio album, Sorrowful Secret, that same year. Though both releases found limited audiences, the album's lead single, "Pupil", helped to establish a sensual image for Uhm.
She pivoted to dance music with 1996's "Sad Expectation", and found success with "Rose of Betrayal" (배반의 장미) from her third studio album, After Love (1997). Subsequent releases Invitation (1998) and 005.1999.06 (1999) were bolstered by a string of hit singles: "Poison", "Invitation", "I Don't Know" (몰라), and "Festival", which gained status as her signature songs.
Starting in 2001, Uhm began to concentrate efforts on her acting career. Her performance in the 2002 erotic comedy Marriage Is a Crazy Thing won Best Actress at the 39th Baeksang Arts Awards, a category she received another nomination for in 2006 with Princess Aurora and won again in 2012 with Dancing Queen.[5]
Her 2000s musical output saw declining commercial reception but greater appeal with critics. Uhm began experimenting with electronica on Self Control (2004), and funk on Prestige (2006), the latter of which won Best Dance and Electronic Album at the 4th Korean Music Awards. In 2008, she experienced a commercial resurgence with the single "D.I.S.C.O". Following a nearly decade-long hiatus from music, she released her tenth studio album The Cloud Dream of the Nine in 2017.
Biography
editEarly life
editUhm was born in Jecheon, North Chungcheong, South Korea. She is the second child of Yoo Gyeong-sook and Uhm Jin-ok, a music teacher who died in a motorcycle accident when she was six. Her younger and only brother Uhm Tae-woong is an actor. Following their father's death, their family struggled financially.[6]
Music career
edit1990s
editUhm Jung-hwa officially debuted as a singer in 1993 with her first studio album Sorrowful Secret. By the mid-90s she established herself as one of the top Korean female singers and entertainers, with a series of hit singles: "Sad Expectation" (Korean: 슬픈 기대; RR: Seulpeun Gidae), "A Love Only Heaven Permits" (Korean: 하늘만 허락한 사랑; RR: Haneulman Heorakan Sarang), "Rose of Betrayal" (Korean: 배반의 장미; RR: Baeban-ui Jangmi), and "Tell Me" (Korean: 말해 줘; RR: Malhae Jwo).
Uhm's fourth studio album, Invitation, introduced a new mature side of the singer. The music video for its title track caused a lot of controversy due to its suggestive nature. Invitation quickly became one of the highest selling albums of the year and received positive reviews from critics and fans.
She released two of her most recognizable singles of her career, "Poison" and "Invitation" (Korean: 초대; RR: Chodae). She remained successful the following year, in 1999, with her fifth studio album 005.1999.06
As of 2020 she currently released ten studio albums, two compilation albums and one extended play.
2000s–present
editDuring the 2000s, Uhm began to focus more on her acting career and committed herself to taking a variety of acting roles. She also began to pursue and experiment with different musical genres, in particular electronica. In 2004, she released her double album Self Control, which featured songs composed by Jung Jae-hyung, Fractal and Roller Coaster. Music critics praised Uhm for her ability to reinvent her image and sound.
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After a two-year break from the music scene, she released her ninth studio album Prestige. Throughout the year she released two singles, "Come 2 Me" and "Song of the Wind" (Korean: 바람의 노래; RR: Baram-ui Norae), each enjoyed positive critical reception. In early 2007, she won a Korean Music Award for Best Electronic Dance Record.
In the summer of 2008, she released her first EP titled D.I.S.C.O with help from her longtime friend Yang Hyun-suk of YG Entertainment. The lead single "D.I.S.C.O" featured T.O.P, a member from the popular boy band Big Bang. The EP was one of the best-selling albums by a female artist in 2008, and was further promoted by the digital single "D.I.S.C.O Part 2" which was a remix version of "D.I.S.C.O" and featured G-Dragon, the leader of BigBang.
After an eight-year-long hiatus Uhm announced that she would be releasing her first new album since D.I.S.C.O in 2008, the album title would be The Cloud Dream of the Nine. She revealed that she would be releasing the album in two parts, the first part would be released on December 27, 2017, and the second part at a later date. Uhm performed the title tracks "Watch Me Move" and "Dreamer" on Gayo Daejeon along with "D.I.S.C.O", she would also perform the two tracks on MCountdown on the January 5. One year after the release of Part 1, Uhm revealed through her Instagram account that she was in the preparation stage of her comeback with part 2 of The Cloud Dream of the Nine.
In the summer of 2020, Uhm joined with singers Lee Hyori, Jessi, and Hwasa to form the "supergroup" Refund Sisters. Their first single, "Don't Touch Me" debuted in October 2020, and reached #1 on the Gaon chart.[7]
Acting career
edit_%EC%A0%9C%EC%9E%91%EA%B8%B0%EC%98%81%EC%83%81_%EC%97%84%EC%A0%95%ED%99%94_3m3s.jpg)
Uhm has established herself as one of South Korea's top actresses. She is known for her roles in the films Marriage Is a Crazy Thing, Singles, Princess Aurora, Dancing Queen, Seducing Mr. Perfect and Haeundae, which became one of the highest-grossing movies in Korea. She has won two Baeksang Arts Awards for Best Actress, in 2002 for Marriage is a Crazy Thing and again in 2012 for Dancing Queen.
In 2022, Uhm is back on the small screen with the tvN drama Our Blues, which is their comeback on the small screen in 5 years since 2017.[8]
Fashion line
editUhm launched her new clothing and lingerie line, "Corner Suite" and "ZHUM in New York", which made $10M USD within three months of its release. "Corner Suite" became an instant hit when the line debuted on online markets, which immediately sold out, and putting the line with more home shopping channels as for its demand.[9]
Personal life
editUhm was diagnosed with thyroid cancer but fully recovered after surgery in May 2010.[10] Uhm said she felt a little afraid leading up to the surgery, but rather than being discouraged by the pain she was experiencing, she made up her mind to dedicate herself to helping others by inspiring them. "I want to use my talent and influence in a meaningful way," she said.[11]
Impact
editArtists who have cited Uhm as an influence or role model include BoA,[12] Lee Hyori,[13] Baek Ji-young,[14] Sandara Park,[15] Tiffany Young,[16] Jung Eun-chae,[17] Son Dam-bi,[18] Kim Yoon-ji,[19] Dal Shabet's Ah Young,[20] Laboum's Solbin,[21] and Apink's Park Cho-rong.[22]
Discography
editStudio albums
edit| Title | Album details | Peak chart positions | Sales |
|---|---|---|---|
| KOR [23][24] | |||
| Sorrowful Secret |
Track listing
| — | — |
| Uhm Jung Hwa 2 |
Track listing
| ||
| After Love (후애)(後愛) |
| ||
| Invitation |
|
| |
| 005.1999.06 |
| 1 |
|
| Queen of Charisma |
Track listing
| 3 |
|
| Hwa (화) |
| 5 |
|
| Self Control |
| 3 |
|
| Prestige |
Track listing
| 17 |
|
| The Cloud Dream of the Nine |
| 22 | — |
Compilation albums
edit| Title | Album details | Peak chart positions | Sales |
|---|---|---|---|
| KOR [23] | |||
| Best...My Songs |
| — |
|
| All Details |
| 10 |
|
Extended plays
edit| Title | Album details | Peak chart positions | Sales |
|---|---|---|---|
| KOR [23] | |||
| D.I.S.C.O |
| 18 |
|
Singles
edit| Title | Year | Peak chart positions | Album |
|---|---|---|---|
| KOR [34] | |||
| "Pupil" (눈동자) | 1993 | — | Sorrowful Secret |
| "Sad Expectation" (슬픈기대) | 1996 | — | Uhm Jung Hwa 2 |
| "A Love Only Heaven Permits" (하늘만 허락한 사랑) | — | ||
| "Rose of Betrayal" (배반의 장미) | 1997 | 70 | After Love |
| "After Love" (후애 (後愛)) | — | ||
| "Poison" | 1998 | 7 | Invitation |
| "Invitation" (초대) | 19 | ||
| "I Don't Know" (몰라) | 1999 | — | 005.1999.06 |
| "Festival" | — | ||
| "Cross" (크로스) | — | All Details | |
| "Escape" | 2000 | — | Queen of Charisma |
| "Crack" (틈) | — | ||
| "All Go Away" (다가라) | 2001 | — | Hwa |
| "Eternity" | 2004 | — | Self Control |
| "Invitation" (tvN Remix) (초대 tvN Remix) | 2006 | — | Non-album single |
| "Come 2 Me" | — | Prestige | |
| "Come 2 Me" (New Remix) | — | Non-album single | |
| "D.I.S.C.O" feat. T.O.P | 2008 | — | D.I.S.C.O |
| "D.I.S.C.O Part 2" feat. G-Dragon | — | Non-album single | |
| "Watch Me Move" | 2016 | — | The Cloud Dream Of The Nine |
| "Dreamer" | 70 | ||
| "Ending Credit" | 2017 | 87 | |
| "She" | — | ||
| "Hop in" (호피무늬) feat. Hwasa, DPR Live | 2020 | —[a] | Non-album single |
| Peak chart positions are from the Gaon Digital Chart, which was established in 2010. | |||
OSTs
edit| Title | Year | Album |
|---|---|---|
| "Pupil" (눈동자) | 1993 | On a Windy Day, We Should Go To Apkujeong Dong OST |
| "Luxury good" (럭셔리 굳) | 2002 | Boss X File OST |
| "Narration" | 2003 | Wife OST |
| "Recipe" (레시피) | 2009 | He Who Can't Marry OST |
| "Call My Name" with Dancing Queens | 2012 | Dancing Queen OST |
| "Second Chance" with Dancing Queens feat. Cheetah | ||
| "Let Me Cry" | 2017 | You Are Too Much OST |
| "Who am I?" (나는 누구?) feat. Duk Bae | ||
| "Emerald" (에메랄드) |
Other appearances
edit| Title | Year | Album |
|---|---|---|
| "October - As always" (10월 October - 늘 그렇듯) | 2001 | ZOY Project 1st |
| "My love, crybaby" (내사랑 울보) | 2002 | Jeon Yeong-Rok's 30th Anniversary Dedication Album "Legend" |
| "Sad Christmas" Lee Jae-hoon feat. Leessang, Uhm Jung-hwa | 2005 | White winter 2005 |
| "Love is" (사랑이란) | 2008 | Song Book |
| "Time passes with you (Original Ver.)" (시간은 그대와 흘러 (Original Ver.)) Jung Jae-hyung feat. Lucid Fall, Uhm Jung-hwa | 2009 | Promenade |
Filmography
editFilm
edit| Year | Title | Role | Notes | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1992 | Marriage Story | Disc Jockey | ||
| 1993 | On a Windy Day We Must Go to Apgujeong | |||
| 1994 | Blue Seagull | Joshua | voice | |
| How to Top My Wife | Manula jugigi | |||
| 2002 | Marriage Is a Crazy Thing | Yeon-hee | ||
| 2003 | Singles | Dong-mi | ||
| 2004 | Mr. Handy, Mr. Hong | Yoon Hye-Jin | ||
| 2005 | All for Love | Hur Yu-jung | ||
| Princess Aurora | Jung Soon-jung | |||
| 2006 | For Horowitz | Kim Ji-soo | ||
| Seducing Mr. Perfect | Min-june | |||
| 2007 | Love Now | Seo Yu-na | ||
| 2009 | Insadong Scandal | Bae Tae-jin | ||
| Tidal Wave | Yoo-jin | |||
| Five Senses of Eros | Lee Jung-ha | |||
| 2010 | Bestseller | Baek Hee-soo | ||
| 2011 | Mama | Dong-sook | ||
| 2012 | Dancing Queen | Herself | ||
| 2013 | In My End Is My Beginning | Lee Jung-ha | ||
| Montage | Ha-kyung | |||
| 2014 | Venus Talk | Jung Shin-hye | ||
| 2015 | Wonderful Nightmare | Lee Yeon-woo | ||
| 2020 | Okay! Madam | Mi Young | ||
| 2023 | Miss Fortune | Lee Ji-hye | [36][37] |
Television series
edit| Year | Title | Role | Notes | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990 | Sarang | |||
| 1992 | The Wild | |||
| 1993 | Good Morning Youngdong | |||
| Sisters | ||||
| 1994 | The rich people also cry | |||
| Police | ||||
| Close One Eye | ||||
| Mystery Melodrama | ||||
| 1995 | Human Theater | |||
| Angel Inside the Mask | ||||
| Remember to Love | ||||
| 1996 | Intimacy Between Father and Son | |||
| 1997 | Park Bit-na | |||
| Star | ||||
| Beautiful Sin | Areumdawoon Joe | |||
| 2003 | Wife | Ahnae | ||
| 2004 | Tropical Nights in December | |||
| 2007 | Get Karl! Oh Soo-jung | Oh Soo-jung | [38][39] | |
| 2009 | He Who Can't Marry | Jang Moon-jung | [40][41] | |
| 2014 | A Witch's Love | Ban Ji-yeon | [42][43] | |
| 2017 | You Are Too Much | Yoo Ji-na / Kim Hye-jung | [44] | |
| 2022 | Our Blues | Go Mi-ran | [45] | |
| 2023 | Doctor Cha | Cha Jeong-suk | [46][47] |
Reality show
edit| Year | Title | Role | Notes | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2020 | Hangout with Yoo | Cast Member | Episode 56–68 | |
| 2021 | On & Off | Season 2 | [48] | |
| 2023 | Dance Singer's Wandering Troupe | [49] |
Theater
edit| Year | Title | Role | Theater | Date | Ref. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | Korean | |||||
| 1997 | Taxi Driver - Where are you going? | 택시 드리벌 - 당신은 어디까지 가십니까? | Hwa-yi | Arts and Culture Center Small Theater | February 27–March 18 | [50] |
| 1997 | (21st) Seoul Theater Festival: Taxi Driver - Where are you going? | (제21회) 서울연극제: 택시 드리벌 - 당신은 어디까지 가십니까? | Hwa-yi | Arts and Culture Center Small Theater | October 10–15 | [51] |
Accolades
editActing awards and nominations
edit| Year | Award | Category | Nominated Work | Result | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1993 | 31st Grand Bell Awards | Best New Actress | On a Windy Day We Must Go to Apgujeong | Nominated | |
| 17th Golden Cinema Film Festival | Best Supporting Actress | Won | |||
| 1995 | 16th Blue Dragon Film Awards | Best Supporting Actress | How to Top My Wife | Nominated | |
| 2003 | 39th Baeksang Arts Awards | Best Actress (Film) | Marriage Is a Crazy Thing | Won | |
| KBS Drama Awards | Excellence Award, Actress | Wife | Won | ||
| 2004 | 27th Golden Cinematography Award | Special Award | Mr. Handy | Won | |
| MBC Drama Awards | Top Excellence Award, Actress | Tropical Nights in December | Nominated | ||
| 2006 | 27th Blue Dragon Film Awards | Best Leading Actress | For Horowitz | Nominated | |
| 44th Grand Bell Awards | Best Actress | Nominated | |||
| 5th Korean Film Awards | Nominated | ||||
| 7th Busan Film Critics Awards | Princess Aurora | Won | |||
| 42nd Baeksang Arts Awards | Best Actress | Nominated | |||
| Donga TV Fashion Beauty Award | Fashion Icon | — | Won | ||
| 2007 | Gala Dinner Party sponsored by FKCCI | Friendship Award | — | Won | |
| SBS Drama Awards | Excellence Award, Actress in a Miniseries | Get Karl! Oh Soo-jung | Nominated | ||
| 2009 | 46th Grand Bell Awards | Best Supporting Actress | Tidal Wave | Nominated | |
| 2010 | 18th Chunsa Film Art Awards | Best Actress | Bestseller | Won | |
| 2012 | 48th Baeksang Arts Awards | Best Actress (Film) | Dancing Queen | Won | |
| 49th Grand Bell Awards | Best Actress | Nominated | |||
| 33rd Blue Dragon Film Awards | Best Leading Actress | Nominated | |||
| 2013 | 34th Blue Dragon Film Awards | Montage | Nominated | ||
| Korean Film Actors Association | Popular Film Star Award | Won | |||
| 50th Grand Bell Awards | Best Actress | Won | |||
| 21st Korean Culture Entertainment Awards | Won | ||||
| 2014 | 19th Chunsa Film Art Awards | Nominated | |||
| 2015 | 52nd Grand Bell Awards | Wonderful Nightmare | Nominated | ||
| 2017 | MBC Drama Awards | Grand Prize (Daesang) | You Are Too Much | Nominated | |
| Top Excellence Award, Actress in a Weekend Drama | Nominated | ||||
| 2020 | 20th MBC Entertainment Awards | Excellence Award in Music/Talk Category – Female | Hangout with Yoo | Won | [52] |
| 2021 | 17th Jecheon International Music and Film Festival | JIMFFACE | — | Won | [53] |
| 2023 | 9th APAN Star Awards | Top Excellence Award, Actress in a Miniseries | Doctor Cha | Won | [54] |
| 2024 | CJENM Visionary Awards[b] | 2024 Visionary | Uhm Jung-hwa | Won | [56] |
| 60th Baeksang Arts Awards | Best Actress – Television | Doctor Cha | Nominated | [57][58] | |
| Most Popular Actress | Uhm Jung-hwa | Nominated |
Music awards
edit| Year | Award | Category | Nominated Work | Result | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1998 | Golden Disk Awards | Bonsang Award (Song Division) | "Poison" | Won | |
| 1999 | "I Don't Know" | Won | |||
| Mnet Asian Music Awards | Best Female Artist | "I Don't Know" (005.1999.06) | Won | [59][60] | |
| Best Dance Performance | Nominated | ||||
| 2000 | Best Female Artist | "Cross" | Nominated | [61] | |
| Golden Disk Awards | Bonsang Award (Song Division) | "Escape" | Won | ||
| SBS Gayo Daejeon | Main Prize | — | Won | ||
| 2001 | — | Won | |||
| MBC Gayo Daejejeon | 30 years Old and Above Award | — | Won | ||
| KBS Song Festival | Main Prize | — | Won | ||
| Mnet Asian Music Awards | Best Female Artist | "Crack" (틈) | Nominated | [62] | |
| 2007 | Korean Music Awards | Best Electronic Dance Album | Prestige | Won | |
| 2008 | Mnet Asian Music Awards | Best House & Electronic | "Disco" ft. T.O.P | Nominated | [63] |
| Best Female Artist | Nominated | ||||
| Best Music Video | Nominated |
Listicles
edit| Publisher | Year | Listicle | Rank | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Forbes | 2024 | Korea Power Celebrity 40 | 23th | [64] |
| The Screen | 2019 | 2009–2019 Top Box Office Powerhouse Actors in Korean Movies | 25th | [65] |
Other Accolades
editIn 2021 she was selected as Jury member for Actor and Actress of the Year Award in 26th Busan International Film Festival to be held in October.[66]
Notes
edit- ^ "Hop in" did not enter Gaon Digital Chart, but peaked at number 59 on the component Gaon Download Chart.[35]
- ^ Visionary Awards, which started in 2020, selects and awards people who lead roles in the Korean entertainment industry. It highlights the meaning and achievements of a person whose chosen trend keywords penetrated the entertainment industry, including broadcasting, movies, music, and performances, and presents the next vision of the cultural sector with outstanding achievements and influence.[55]
References
edit- ^ "미나, '실제론 서른 다섯이예요. 6세 속여 죄송해요.'". Sports Chosun (in Korean). July 18, 2007. Retrieved October 12, 2021.
- ^ "[섈위토크]엄정화, "후배들의 롤모델? 나는 여전히 현재진행형"". April 20, 2009. Retrieved March 20, 2010.
- ^ vogue_print (August 19, 2008). "엄정화는 마돈나와 다를까?". Vogue Korea (in Korean). Retrieved July 6, 2022.
- ^ OSEN (April 16, 2011). "김완선 컴백, 왜 열기가 뜨거울까". mosen.mt.co.kr (in Korean). Retrieved July 6, 2022.
- ^ MacDonald, Joan. "Uhm Jung-Hwa Is Happy To See Dr. Cha Pursue Her Passion". Forbes. Retrieved August 21, 2023.
- ^ "엄정화, "엄마는 포차끌고 난 밀고" 시청자 감동". May 11, 2006.
- ^ "Gaon chart". Archived from the original on October 24, 2020. Retrieved November 2, 2020.
- ^ Yoo Byung-chul (March 29, 2022). "엄정화, tvN '우리들의 블루스'로 5년 만에 안방극장 귀환…이정은과 그려낼 애증 케미 '기대 UP" [Uhm Jung-hwa returns to the small screen after 5 years with tvN's 'Our Blues'... Love-hate chemistry with Lee Jung-eun, ‘Expectation UP] (in Korean). Korea Economy TV. Retrieved March 29, 2022 – via Naver.
- ^ "Uhm Jung Hwa - singer/actress - kpop". Jpopasia.com. Retrieved August 14, 2012.
- ^ "Uhm Jung Hwa Talks Battle Against Thyroid Cancer and Surgery". Soompi. January 12, 2012.
- ^ "'Dancing Queen' Uhm Returns to Screen After Thyroid Surgery". The Chosun Ilbo. January 14, 2012.
- ^ ""외로움 또한 나의 직업"…보아가 전한 #Better #데뷔 20주년 #엄정화 #박진영 ('최파타') [종합]". My Daily (in Korean). December 2, 2020. Retrieved April 2, 2022 – via Naver.
- ^ '컴백' 이효리 "1년 뒤 마흔, 실감 안나…마음은 20대" [화보] (in Korean). Retrieved July 3, 2017.
- ^ "백지영 "롤모델은 엄정화, 에일리·린·거미도 고마워" [인터뷰 스포일러]" [Baek Ji-young "Role model is Uhm Jung-hwa, also grateful for Ailee, Lin, Gummy" [Interview spoiler]]. Sports Today (in Korean). October 4, 2019. Retrieved April 2, 2022.
- ^ "산다라박 "롤모델? 만능 엔터테이너 엄정화, 너무 멋져" ('언니네 쌀롱')" [Sandara Park "Role model? Uhm Jung-hwa, an all-round entertainer, is so cool" ('Sister's Salon')]. My Daily (in Korean). February 25, 2020. Retrieved April 2, 2022.
- ^ "[인터뷰①] 티파니 영 "롤모델은 엄정화, 선배님 에너지 닮고파"" [[Interview ①] Tiffany Young “My role model is Uhm Jung-hwa, I want to look like senior’s energy”]. Maeil Business Daily (in Korean). August 16, 2019. Retrieved April 2, 2022.
- ^ Hong, Seong-hoon (August 10, 2021). "[화보] 채은정 "롤모델은 엄정화-이효리"" [[Picture] Chae Eun-jung 'Role models are Uhm Jung-hwa and Lee Hyori']. NBN News (in Korean). Retrieved September 30, 2021.
- ^ "'패션앤 개편' 손담비 "롤모델 엄정화, 가수·연기 병행"" [Son Dam-bi "Role model Uhm Jung-hwa, singer and acting concurrently"]. Edaily (in Korean). October 27, 2017. Retrieved April 2, 2022.
- ^ "[bnt화보] 김윤지 "롤모델은 엄정화, 정말 존경스럽고 멋져"" [[bnt pictorial] Kim Yoon-ji “Role model is Uhm Jung-hwa, really respectable and cool”]. The Korea Economic Daily. July 29, 2021. Retrieved April 2, 2022.
- ^ "달샤벳 출신 배우 조아영 " 롤모델은 엄정화" [화보]" [Actor Jo Ah-young from Dal Shabet “Role model is Uhm Jung-hwa” [Picture]]. Sports Kyunghyang (in Korean). September 8, 2021. Retrieved April 2, 2022 – via Naver.
- ^ "[MD인터뷰②] 솔빈 "'대세? 아직 부족해, 롤모델 이효리·엄정화"". My Daily (in Korean). May 9, 2018. Retrieved April 2, 2022 – via Naver.
- ^ "[인터뷰]박초롱 "연기하면서 내가 가둔 '틀' 깨…롤모델은 엄정화"" [[Interview] Park Cho-rong "I broke the 'frame' that I locked up while acting... My role model is Uhm Jung-hwa"]. Newsis (in Korean). June 30, 2020. Retrieved April 2, 2022 – via Naver.
- ^ a b c "K-pop Album Sales Volume" (in Korean). Recording Industry Association of Korea. Archived from the original on February 19, 2009. Retrieved October 29, 2019.
- "005.1999.06 charting". Archived from the original on December 16, 2008. Retrieved October 29, 2019.
- "Queen of Charisma charting" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on June 30, 2018. Retrieved October 29, 2019.
- "Hwa charting". Archived from the original on December 5, 2008. Retrieved October 29, 2019.
- "Self Control charting". Archived from the original on March 2, 2009. Retrieved October 29, 2019.
- "Prestige charting". Archived from the original on September 26, 2008. Retrieved October 29, 2019.
- "All Details charting". Archived from the original on February 28, 2009. Retrieved October 30, 2019.
- "D.I.S.C.O charting". Archived from the original on February 15, 2009. Retrieved October 30, 2019.
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