Timeline of Medina

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Medina, Saudi Arabia.

Prior to 20th century edit

6th C. CE - Yathrib settled "by three Jewish tribes, the Banu Quynuqa, the Banu Qurayza, and the Banu Nadir."^[1]
622 CE / 0-1 H
- Muhammad arrives from Mecca, with followers (muhajirun).^[2]^[3]^[4]
- Quba Mosque and Al-Masjid al-Nabawi (Mosque of the Prophet) built.^[1]
- Yathrib renamed "Medina."^[5]
- Baqi Cemetery established.
623 CE - Masjid al-Qiblatayn (Mosque of the two Qiblas) built.
624 CE - Prophet's House built.^[1]
627
- March–April: Battle of the Trench.^[6]
- Constitution of Medina created (approximate date).^[7]
630 - Medina and Mecca "established as the holy cities of Islam."^[3]
632 CE / 11 H
- 8 June: Death of Muhammad.
- Abu Bakr appointed caliph; Rashidun Caliphate established.^[3]
634 - Umar becomes caliph.
639 - Hijri year calendar devised.^{[citation needed]}
644 - Uthman ibn Affan becomes caliph.
656 - Ali becomes caliph and moves capital from Medina to Kufa.^[7]^[8]
661 - Umayyad Caliphate established; capital moved from Medina to Damascus.^[1]
662 - Marwan ibn al-Hakam becomes Governor of Madina.
683 - Medina sacked by Umayyads.^[9]^[4]
8th century - Sharia (Islamic law) codified in Medina.^[3]
706 - Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz becomes Governor of Madina.
707 - Al-Masjid al-Nabawi rebuilt.^[10]
975 - City wall built.^[7]
976 - Establishment of the Sharifate of Medina.
1162 - City wall expanded.^[7]
1266 - Volcanic eruption within an hour's distance.^[4]
1513 - Al-Hajjaria waqf (trust) incorporated.^{[citation needed]}
1517 - Ottoman Turks in power.^[6]^[11]
1804 - Wahhabis in power.^[9]^[12]^[4]
1812 - November: Battle of Medina (1812); Turks in power.^[12]^[4]
1837 - Al-Masjid an-Nabawi dome painted green.
1872 - Medina becomes part of the Ottoman Hejaz Vilayet.
1896 - Telephone line installed.^[13]
1900 - Population (estimate): 16,000 to 20,000.^[4]

20th century edit

1908 - Hejaz Railway (Damascus-Medina) begins operating.^[3]^[4]
1916 - Siege of Medina begins.
1919 - January: Siege of Medina ends; Arabs in power.^[14]
1920 - Hejaz Railway (Damascus-Medina) stops operating.^[4]
1925 - Medina becomes part of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.^[12]
1937 - Italian-Muslim hospital founded.^[15]
1953 - Baqi Cemetery expanded.^[15]
1955 - Al-Masjid al-Nabawi enlarged.^[15]
1961 - Islamic University of Madinah established.^[13]^[16]
1974
- Mohammad Airport opens.
- Population: 198,186.^[17]
1985 - King Fahd Complex for the Printing of the Holy Quran begins operating.
1986 - Quba Mosque rebuilt.^[1]

21st century edit

2001 - 15 March: Chechen hijacking of Russian aircraft.^[3]
2003 - Taibah University established.
2006 - Hejaz Railway Museum opens.
2010 - Population: 1,100,093.^[18]
2014
- 8 February: 2014 Medina hotel fire.
- Air pollution in Medina reaches annual mean of 65 PM2.5 and 153 PM10, much higher than recommended.^[19]
2016 - 4 July: bombing at Prophet's Mosque.^[20]

References edit

Bibliography edit

Published in 19th century

Jedidiah Morse; Richard C. Morse (1823), "Medina", A New Universal Gazetteer (4th ed.), New Haven: S. Converse
Josiah Conder (1830), "Medinah", Arabia, The Modern Traveller, vol. 4, London: J.Duncan
Richard Burton (1857), "El Medinah", Personal Narrative of a Pilgrimage to el Medinah and Meccah (2nd ed.), London: Longman, Brown, Green, Longmans, and Roberts, OCLC 5778233
"Medina". American Cyclopedia. D. Appleton & Company. 1879.

Published in 20th century

Smith, William Robertson (1910). "Medina" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 18 (11th ed.). pp. 64–66.
Philip Khuri Hitti (1973). "Medina". Capital Cities of Arab Islam. University of Minnesota Press. p. 33+. ISBN 978-0-8166-0663-4.
Richard Bayley Winder (1984). "Al-Madina". Encyclopedia of Islam. Leiden: Brill. pp. 997–1007.
Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari (1987). The Foundation of the Community: Muhammad At Al-Madina A.D. 622-626/Hijrah-4 A.H. History of al-Tabari. Vol. 7. M. V. McDonald, translator; W. Montgomery Watt, annotator. State University of New York Press. ISBN 0-88706-344-6. (written in 9th/10th century)
Andrew Petersen (1996). "Medina". Dictionary of Islamic Architecture. Routledge. p. 182. ISBN 978-1-134-61365-6.
Noelle Watson, ed. (1996). "Medina". International Dictionary of Historic Places: Middle East and Africa. UK: Routledge. pp. 487+. ISBN 1884964036.
Werner Ende (1997). "The Nakhāwila, a Shite Community in Medina Past and Present". Die Welt des Islams. 37 (3): 263–348. doi:10.1163/1570060972597020. JSTOR 1570656.
Stefano Bianca (2000), "Case Study 1: The Holy Cities of Islam - The Impact of Mass Transportation and Rapid Urban Change", Urban Form in the Arab World, Zurich: ETH Zurich, p. 218+, ISBN 3728119725, 0500282056
John Block Friedman; Kristen Mossler Figg (2000). "Medina". Trade, Travel, and Exploration in the Middle Ages: An Encyclopedia. Routledge. p. 389. ISBN 978-1-135-59094-9.

Published in 21st century

Richard C. Martín (2004). "Holy Cities: Medina". Encyclopedia of Islam & the Muslim World. Granite Hill Publishers. ISBN 978-0-02-865603-8.
Josef W. Meri, ed. (2006). "Medina". Medieval Islamic Civilization. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-96691-7.
C. Edmund Bosworth, ed. (2007). "Medina". Historic Cities of the Islamic World. Leiden: Koninklijke Brill. pp. 380–395. ISBN 978-9004153882.
Michael R.T. Dumper; Bruce E. Stanley, eds. (2008), "Madinah", Cities of the Middle East and North Africa, Santa Barbara, USA: ABC-CLIO, p. 237+, ISBN 9781576079195
Harry Munt (2014). The Holy City of Medina: Sacred Space in Early Islamic Arabia. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-139-99272-5.

External links edit

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

[20]

Timeline of Medina

Contents

Prior to 20th century edit

20th century edit

21st century edit

See also edit

References edit

Bibliography edit

External links edit