Template:Risk of venous thromboembolism with hormone therapy and birth control pills (QResearch/CPRD)

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Risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) with hormone therapy and birth control (QResearch/CPRDTooltip Clinical Practice Research Datalink)
Type	Route	Medications	Odds ratio (95% CITooltip confidence interval)
Menopausal hormone therapy	Oral	Estradiol alone ≤1 mg/day >1 mg/day	1.27 (1.16–1.39)* 1.22 (1.09–1.37)* 1.35 (1.18–1.55)*
		Conjugated estrogens alone ≤0.625 mg/day >0.625 mg/day	1.49 (1.39–1.60)* 1.40 (1.28–1.53)* 1.71 (1.51–1.93)*
		Estradiol/medroxyprogesterone acetate	1.44 (1.09–1.89)*
		Estradiol/dydrogesterone ≤1 mg/day E2 >1 mg/day E2	1.18 (0.98–1.42) 1.12 (0.90–1.40) 1.34 (0.94–1.90)
		Estradiol/norethisterone ≤1 mg/day E2 >1 mg/day E2	1.68 (1.57–1.80)* 1.38 (1.23–1.56)* 1.84 (1.69–2.00)*
		Estradiol/norgestrel or estradiol/drospirenone	1.42 (1.00–2.03)
		Conjugated estrogens/medroxyprogesterone acetate	2.10 (1.92–2.31)*
		Conjugated estrogens/norgestrel ≤0.625 mg/day CEEs >0.625 mg/day CEEs	1.73 (1.57–1.91)* 1.53 (1.36–1.72)* 2.38 (1.99–2.85)*
		Tibolone alone	1.02 (0.90–1.15)
		Raloxifene alone	1.49 (1.24–1.79)*
	Transdermal	Estradiol alone ≤50 μg/day >50 μg/day	0.96 (0.88–1.04) 0.94 (0.85–1.03) 1.05 (0.88–1.24)
	Transdermal	Estradiol/progestogen	0.88 (0.73–1.01)
	Vaginal	Estradiol alone	0.84 (0.73–0.97)
	Vaginal	Conjugated estrogens alone	1.04 (0.76–1.43)
Combined birth control	Oral	Ethinylestradiol/norethisterone	2.56 (2.15–3.06)*
		Ethinylestradiol/levonorgestrel	2.38 (2.18–2.59)*
		Ethinylestradiol/norgestimate	2.53 (2.17–2.96)*
		Ethinylestradiol/desogestrel	4.28 (3.66–5.01)*
		Ethinylestradiol/gestodene	3.64 (3.00–4.43)*
		Ethinylestradiol/drospirenone	4.12 (3.43–4.96)*
		Ethinylestradiol/cyproterone acetate	4.27 (3.57–5.11)*
Notes: (1) Nested case–control studies (2015, 2019) based on data from the QResearch and Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) databases. (2) Bioidentical progesterone was not included, but is known to be associated with no additional risk relative to estrogen alone. Footnotes: * = Statistically significant (p < 0.01). Sources: Main: ^[1]^[2] Additional: ^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]

[pmid30626577-1] Vinogradova Y, Coupland C, Hippisley-Cox J (January 2019). "Use of hormone replacement therapy and risk of venous thromboembolism: nested case-control studies using the QResearch and CPRD databases". BMJ. 364: k4810. doi:10.1136/bmj.k4810. PMC 6326068. PMID 30626577.

[pmid26013557-2] Vinogradova Y, Coupland C, Hippisley-Cox J (May 2015). "Use of combined oral contraceptives and risk of venous thromboembolism: nested case-control studies using the QResearch and CPRD databases". BMJ. 350: h2135. doi:10.1136/bmj.h2135. PMC 4444976. PMID 26013557.

[pmid30745295-3] Scarabin PY (February 2019). "Postmenopausal hormone therapy and risk of venous thromboembolism: what about progesterone?". BMJ. 364: l601. doi:10.1136/bmj.l601. PMID 30745295.

[pmid29630427-4] Mirkin S (August 2018). "Evidence on the use of progesterone in menopausal hormone therapy". Climacteric. 21 (4): 346–354. doi:10.1080/13697137.2018.1455657. PMID 29630427.

[pmid29570359-5] Scarabin PY (August 2018). "Progestogens and venous thromboembolism in menopausal women: an updated oral versus transdermal estrogen meta-analysis". Climacteric. 21 (4): 341–345. doi:10.1080/13697137.2018.1446931. PMID 29570359.

[pmid29526116-6] Davey DA (October 2018). "Menopausal hormone therapy: a better and safer future". Climacteric. 21 (5): 454–461. doi:10.1080/13697137.2018.1439915. PMID 29526116.

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Template:Risk of venous thromboembolism with hormone therapy and birth control pills (QResearch/CPRD)

See also

References