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Shiyan (satellite)

This article is about the Chinese satellite program. For the Chinese city, see Shiyan.


Shiyan (SY, simplified Chinese: 实验; traditional Chinese: 實驗; pinyin: Shíyàn; lit. 'experiment') is a Chinese experimental satellite program consisting of a variety of test satellites. Given the classified nature of the satellites, Chinese government statements regarding the missions of Shiyan satellites follow the common refrain of agricultural monitoring and space environment observation — the same offered for other classified programs such as the Tongxin Jishu Shiyan, Yaogan, and Shijian programs. Alternatively named Tansuo satellites, Shiyan satellites occupy varying orbits including low Earth, polar Sun-synchronous, geosynchronous, and highly-elliptical orbits and are believed to accomplish a diverse set of missions from rendezvous proximity operations (RPO) to earth imaging.[1][2] Though similarly named, the Shiyan satellite program is not to be confused with the separate Shijian satellite program.

Shiyan
实验卫星
Shíyàn Wèixīng
Program overview
CountryChina People's Republic of China
PurposeExperimental
StatusActive
Program history
Duration2004–Present
First flight18 April 2004
Last flight11 May 2024
Successes36
Failures0
Launch site(s)
Vehicle information
Launch vehicle(s)

Notable satellites

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Shiyan 7

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Shiyan 7 was launched from Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center (TSLC) on 19 July 2013 aboard a Launch March 4C rocket into low Earth, Sun-synchronous orbit, accompanied by the Shijian 15 (of unknown mission) and Chuangxin 3.[2][3] Three weeks after launch, from 6–9 August 2013, Shiyan 7 performed rendezvous operations with its companion payload, Chuangxin-3, supporting speculations of a robotic arm-wielding satellite tasked with rendezvous proximity operations (RPO).[2][4][5][6] Later, Shiyan 7 shifted to rendezvous with Shijian 7 (of unknown mission) with whom it maintained proximity from 19 to 20 August 2013 until it maneuvered into a 5 km lower orbit.[4][7] Drawing further suspicion, around 19 October 2013, Shiyan 7 maneuvered to a 1 km higher orbit and released a previously untracked object, designated Shiyan 7B which many believe to be a subsatellite to RPO experiments.[3][4][8] Such operations, which the Chinese government does not comment on, has sparked debate around the nature of Chinese experimental satellites.[7][8][9]

Satellites

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NameLaunchOrbitOrbital apsisInclinationSCNCOSPAR IDLaunch siteLauncherStatus
Shiyan 118 April 2004SSO559.8 km × 572.9 km98.0°282202004-012AXSLCLong March 2COperational
Shiyan 218 November 2004SSO678.9 km × 702.5 km98.1°284792004-046AXSLCLong March 2COperational
Shiyan 35 November 2008SSO788.6 km × 809.7 km98.7°334332008-056AJSLCLong March 2DOperational
Shiyan 420 November 2011SSO781.6 km × 816.2 km98.7°379312011-068BJSLCLong March 2DOperational
Shiyan 525 November 2013SSO747.5 km × 770.0 km98.2°394552013-068AJSLCLong March 2DOperational
Shiyan 6-0119 November 2018SSO448.8 km × 541.0 km97.4°437112018-094BJSLCLong March 2DOperational
Shiyan 6-024 July 2020SSO609.0 km × 799.1 km98.2°458592020-043AJSLCLong March 2DOperational
Shiyan 6-038 April 2021SSO1,001.4 km × 1,126.5 km99.5°481572021-028ATSLCLong March 4BOperational
Shiyan 7A19 July 2013SSO665.3 k × 679.0 km98.0°392082013-037ATSLCLong March 4COperational
Shiyan 7B (subsat)19 July 2013SSO670 km × 660 km98.0°393572013-037JTSLCLong March 4COperational
Shiyan 911 March 2021GTO35,738.5 km × 35,852 km19.4°478512021-019AWSLCLong March 7AOperational
Shiyan 1027 September 2021Molniya1,422.3 km × 38,950.6 km63.7°492582021-087AXSLCLong March 3BPartially operational[10]
Shiyan 10-0229 December 2022GTO(Not yet announced)(Not yet announced)548782022-178AXSLCLong March 3BOperational
Shiyan 1124 November 2021SSO488.9 km × 502.0 km97.5°495012021-112AJSLCKuaizhou 1AOperational
Shiyan 12-0123 December 2021GEO35,751.6 km × 35,758.8 km0.2°503212021-129AWSLCLong March 7AOperational
Shiyan 12-0223 December 2021GEO35,749.1 km × 35,773.1 km0.2°503222021-129BWSLCLong March 7AOperational
Shiyan 1317 January 2022SSO371.3 km × 1,272.0 km98.6°511022022-004ATSLCLong March 2DOperational
Shiyan 1424 September 2022SSO492.1 km × 514.7 km97.5°538842022-118ATSLCKuaizhou 1AOperational
Shiyan 1524 September 2022SSO491.8 km × 510.5 km97.5°538852022-118BTSLCKuaizhou 1AOperational
Shiyan 16A26 September 2022SSO509.1 km × 528.0 km97.5°539482022-121ATSLCLong March 6Operational
Shiyan 16B26 September 2022SSO509.6 km × 526.8 km97.5°539492022-121BTSLCLong March 6Operational
Shiyan 1726 September 2022SSO508.1 km × 527.0 km97.5°539502022-121CTSLCLong March 6Operational
Shiyan 1915 March 2023SSO500.1 km × 520.9 km97.5°558612023-034AJSLCLong March 11Operational
Shiyan 20A12 December 2022LEO800.3 km × 806.6 km60.0°546992022-169AJSLCLong March 4COperational
Shiyan 20B12 December 2022LEO798.5 km × 808.1 km60.0°547002022-169BJSLCLong March 4COperational
Shiyan 20C29 October 2022LEO799.5 km x 816.0 km60.0°542142022-142AJSLCLong March 2DOperational
Shiyan 2116 December 2022LEO480.8 km × 498.5 km36.0°547522022-172AXSLCLong March 11Operational
Shiyan 22A13 January 2023LEO504.3 km × 521.9 km43.2°552422023-006AJSLCLong March 2DOperational
Shiyan 22B13 January 2023LEO510.6 km × 526.3 km43.2°552432023-006BJSLCLong March 2DOperational
Shiyan 2311 May 2024SSOJSLCLong March 4COperational
Shiyan 24A7 June 2023SSOJSLCKinetica 1Operational
Shiyan 24B7 June 2023SSOJSLCKinetica 1Operational
Shiyan 24C-0125 December 2023SSOBo Run Jiu Zhou platform, South China SeaLong March 11Operational
Shiyan 24C-0225 December 2023SSOBo Run Jiu Zhou platform, South China SeaLong March 11Operational
Shiyan 24C-0325 December 2023SSOBo Run Jiu Zhou platform, South China SeaLong March 11Operational
Shiyan 2520 June 2023SSOTSLCLong March 6Operational
Sources: NASA, US Space Force, CelesTrak

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Krebs, Gunter Dirk (21 July 2019). "SY 1, 2 (TS 1, 2)". Gunter's Space Page.
  2. ^ a b c "Shiyan 7". NASA. 27 April 2022.
  3. ^ a b Krebs, Gunter Dirk (21 July 2019). "SY 7A, 7B". Gunter's Space Page.
  4. ^ a b c "Shiyan-7 (SY-7)". Weebau Space Encyclopedia. 12 December 2013.
  5. ^ "Shiyan-7 (SY-7)". N2YO.
  6. ^ Smith, Marcia (19 August 2013). "Surprise Chinese Satellite Maneuvers Mystify Western Experts". SpacePolicyOnline.
  7. ^ a b David, Leonard (9 September 2013). "Mysterious Actions of Chinese Satellites Have Experts Guessing". Space.com.
  8. ^ a b Stokes, Mark; Alvarado, Gabriel (30 March 2020). China's Space and Counterspace Capabilities and Activities (PDF) (Report).
  9. ^ Deschenes, Nicholas. "Enabling Leaders to Dominate the Space Domain" (PDF). Military Review (May–June 2019): 112.
  10. ^ Krebs, Gunter Dirk (24 October 2021). "SY 10". Gunter's Space Page.
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