Seasonal lakes of Pivka is a group of 17 seasonal lakes; the most well known are Lake Petelinje and Lake Palčje, which is the biggest of them at about 1.9 square kilometres (0.73 sq mi).[1][2] They are all located in Pivka Basin, Inner Carniola, Slovenia.[1] Lake Jeredovce, the northernmost lake, is in Municipality of Postojna, 10 of them (Krajnikov dol, Lake Petelinje, Lake Radohovo, Lake Klenik, Lake Palčje, Lake Parje, Major & Minor Lake Drskovče and Major & Minor Lake Zagorje) are in Municipality of Pivka and the southernmost 6 (Kljunov ribnik, Lake Kalec, Lake behind Kalec (Veliki dol), Lake Bač, Lake Lan and Lake Šembije) are in Municipality of Ilirska Bistrica, all of them are located at altitudes between 549 metres (1,801 ft) and 570 metres (1,870 ft).[2] There are also two areas (polje) that are only inundated during intense floods, so they are not officially considered Seasonal lakes of Pivka.
Top image: high water in December, after the autumn rains; bottom image: empty area in autumn, two months earlier.
The lakes are situated on a rocky terrace in the Upper Pivka Basin at the foothills of the Javorniki range, rising above the Pivka riverbed. The terrace is dotted with a number of depressions with flat bottoms and sharp transitions at the banks, deep enough to reach the level of groundwater fluctuation. Thus, they are inundated after periods of stronger precipitation (late autumn and spring).[3]
List of lakes edit
There are total of 19 seasonal lakes, of which 17 are officially recognized. They are all listed from north to south in a table below:[3][4]
| Name | Elevation (m) | Surface area (m2) | Volume (m³) | Frequency of inundation | Coordinates | Image | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bottom | Average surface | Max surface | Average | Max | Average | Max | ||||
| Lake Jeredovce | 537,5 | 542 | 90.197 | 113.428 | rarely | 45°43′46″N 14°12′55″E / 45.729490°N 14.215185°E | ||||
| Krajnikov dol | 537 | 540 | 21.513 | 18.849 | rarely | 45°43′09″N 14°12′30″E / 45.719075°N 14.208201°E | ||||
| Lake Petelinje | 532,2 | 541 | 545 | 647.157 | 736.341 | 4.128.712 | 6.891.976 | often | 45°42′24.69″N 14°13′33.82″E / 45.7068583°N 14.2260611°E | .JPG) |
| Lake Palčje | 542,3 | 555 | 566 | 1.027.812 | 1.904.784 | 7.144.854 | 22.983.817 | often | 45°41′7.68″N 14°15′14.53″E / 45.6854667°N 14.2540361°E |  |
| Lake Klenik (Klenski dol) | 544 | 545 | 547,5 | 3.689 | 36.830 | 1.330 | 57.565 | rarely | 45°40′45″N 14°13′28″E / 45.679230°N 14.224306°E | |
| Lake Radohovo | 534,2 | 535,6 | 536 | 7.455 | 15.519 | 14.221 | 22.434 | often | 45°40′31″N 14°12′19″E / 45.675273°N 14.205231°E | |
| Lake Parje | 538 | 540 | 542 | 29.798 | 37.231 | 46.060 | 114.594 | often | 45°40′02″N 14°13′29″E / 45.667099°N 14.224827°E |  |
| Minor Lake Drskovče | 539,2 | 540 | 544 | 41.120 | 82.657 | 52.593 | 327.782 | often | 45°39′47″N 14°13′48″E / 45.663011°N 14.230118°E | |
| Major Lake Drskoče | 541,7 | 545 | 549 | 186.334 | 207.547 | 441.427 | 1.247.611 | often | 45°39′31″N 14°14′16″E / 45.658663°N 14.237718°E | |
| Major Lake Zagorje | 549 | 550 | 551 | 16.552 | 23.479 | 19.920 | 39.085 | rarely | 45°39′11″N 14°14′32″E / 45.653012°N 14.242114°E | |
| Minor Lake Zagorje | 544,2 | 548 | 548,5 | 39.425 | 44.552 | 83.100 | 103.768 | often | 45°39′05″N 14°14′09″E / 45.651476°N 14.235818°E |  |
| Lake behind Kalec (Veliki dol za kalcem) | 553,8 | 555 | 556 | 15.001 | 18.496 | 26.729 | 42.125 | rarely | 45°38′38″N 14°14′39″E / 45.643908°N 14.244197°E |  |
| Kljunov ribnik | 549,5 | 551 | 551 | 784 | 784 | 80 | 80 | often | 45°38′35″N 14°14′23″E / 45.643181°N 14.239692°E | |
| Lake Bač | 560,4 | 562,5 | 568 | 32.531 | 86.250 | 64.648 | 392.551 | rarely | 45°38′33″N 14°15′25″E / 45.642401°N 14.256960°E |  |
| Lake Lan | 570,2 | 572 | 12.384 | 19.308 | rarely | 45°38′30″N 14°15′37″E / 45.641655°N 14.260206°E |  | |||
| Čičko polje[* 1] | 568,5 | 576,5 | 591.419 | 591.417 | very rare | 45°37′46″N 14°14′55″E / 45.629419°N 14.248502°E | ||||
| Lake Kalec | 553,8 | 555[* 2] | 554,5 | 56.368[* 2] | 16.280 | 26.813[* 2] | 6.937 | often | 45°38′11″N 14°14′22″E / 45.636331°N 14.239513°E |  |
| Nariče[* 1] | 571,1 | 573 | 78.092 | 82.966 | very rare | 45°36′10″N 14°15′25″E / 45.602804°N 14.256997°E | ||||
| Lake Šembije | 558,8 | 560 | 569,9 | 12.381 | 93.561 | 11.274 | 549.971 | rarely | 45°36′04″N 14°15′03″E / 45.601062°N 14.250922°E | |
Protection edit
First attempts to protect seasonal lakes date back to 1960s, but even after declaring Lake Petelinje and Lake Palčje as living natural monuments (class II) of national significance, they were still used for military purposes. In 1984, Municipality of Postojna issued a decree declaring Lake Palčje, Lake Petelinje and Minor & Major Lake Drskovče natural monuments and a decade later it expanded to 13 lakes. Despite this, the army still used Lake Palčje and Lake Petelinje, and other areas were becoming overgrown due to discontinuation of farming, so the area continued to degrade. Now, Lake Palčje and Lake Petelinje are protected as Natural Values of national significance, and other lakes as Natural Values of local significance. The lakes are also part of the Ecologically Important Area Snežnik-Pivka, the Special Protection Area Snežnik-Pivka, and the Conditionally Special Protection Area Javorniki-Snežnik.[5]
In 2014, Seasonal lakes of Pivka regional park was established, encompassing all lakes in the Municipality of Pivka.[6][7]
References edit
- ^ a b "Pivška presihajoča jezera | Opis". pivskajezera.si. Retrieved 2020-04-06.
- ^ a b Vasilevska, Tanja (2007). Kulturna krajina presihajočih Pivških jezer kot bodoči krajinski park (PDF) (MSc). University of Nova Gorica.
- ^ a b Mulec, Janez; Mihevc, Andrej; Pipan, Tanja (2005). "Intermittent lakes of the Pivka Basin". Acta Carsologica. 34 (3): 543–565.
- ^ Kovačič, Gregor; Habič, Špela (4 August 2005). "Intermittent Karst lakes of Pivka Basin (SW SLovenia) during high waters in November 2000". Acta Carsologica. 34 (3): 619–649.
- ^ Cernatič Gregorič, Anica; Gorkič, Mirjam (2005). "Intermittent lakes of the Upper Pivka - Protection in time". Acta Carsologica. 34 (3): 815–828.
- ^ Popov, Jurij (2017-04-02). "Pivška presihajoča jezera – ogrlica 17 jezer" [Intermittent lakes of Pivka - a necklace of 17 lakes]. Radio Prvi (in Slovenian). Retrieved 2020-04-17.
- ^ "Odlok o Krajinskem parku Pivška presihajoča jezera". Uradni list. No. 43/2014. 2014-06-13. p. 4666.