This article includes a list of references, related reading, or external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations. (February 2013) |
The River class was a class of minesweeper built for the British Royal Navy in the 1980s, designated Fleet Minesweepers (MSF[1]). Operated mainly by the Royal Naval Reserve they were taken out of service in 1990s and sold to foreign navies.
 HMS Humber at South Shields in 1993 | |
| Class overview | |
|---|---|
| Name | River class |
| Builders | Richards Dry Dock and Engineering Limited |
| Operators | |
| Preceded by | Ton class |
| Cost | £4.6 million each |
| In commission | 1984–2001 |
| Completed | 12 |
| General characteristics | |
| Type | Minesweeper |
| Displacement |
|
| Length | 47 m (154 ft 2 in) |
| Beam | 10.5 m (34 ft 5 in) |
| Draught | 3.1 m (10 ft 2 in) |
| Propulsion | 2 shafts, Ruston 6RKC diesels, 3,040 bhp (2,267 kW) |
| Speed | 14 knots (26 km/h; 16 mph) |
| Complement |
|
| Armament |
|
Design edit
The Rivers were built with a traditional steel hull to a design based on a commercial offshore support vessel. The class was designed to be operated as deep sea team sweepers, to combat the threat posed to submarines by Soviet deep-water buoyant moored mines codenamed "Cluster Bay".
The River-class MSF was equipped with the Wire Sweep Mark 9 (WS 9) which was capable of performing Extra Deep Armed Team Sweeping (EDATS). Operating in pairs (or a number of pairs in formation), they towed a sweep between the two ships that followed the profile of the bottom and cut the mooring wires of the mines; these released mines would then be destroyed on the surface with gunfire. The WS 9 was able to be used for "mechanical" sweeping in this manner or "influence" sweeping whereby a transducer was towed through the water generating noise, both acoustic and electro-magnetic, that simulated a larger high value unit. The Rivers were also armed with a single 40 mm Bofors gun on the manually operated World War II-era Mark III mounting, and two L7 GPMGs.
The concept was refined in the chartered trawlers HMS St David and HMS Venturer, and a total of twelve vessels, all named after British rivers, were constructed by Richards (Shipbuilders) Ltd at Lowestoft and Great Yarmouth at an approximate unit cost of £4.6 million. The class was designed to operate in deep water and ocean environments, if necessary, for long periods of time without support. The complement was 5 officers, 7 Senior Ratings, and 16 Junior Ratings, although additional accommodation meant that a total crew of 36 could be borne for training purposes.
Service history edit
Upon entering service they joined the 10th Mine Countermeasures Squadron based at Rosyth and eleven were assigned to various Royal Naval Reserve (RNR) divisions around the United Kingdom. The twelfth, Blackwater, entered service with the regular Royal Navy. Following defence cuts, Helmsdale and Ribble were paid off in 1991 and were laid up at Portsmouth. Further cuts followed when the future of the RNR was reviewed in 1993 and as a result the entire class was withdrawn from RNR service.
Blackwater, Spey, Arun and Itchen were subsequently assigned to the Northern Ireland Squadron where they replaced Ton-class vessels patrolling the province's waterways and participating in counter-terrorist operations in support of the British Army and the Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC). Orwell replaced Wilton, the last Ton-class vessel in service, as the Dartmouth Training Ship in 1994. Ultimately, the entire class was sold to overseas navies.
Ships edit
| Ship name | Hull number | Built | Commissioned | Decommissioned | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Waveney | M2003 | Lowestoft | 12 July 1984 | 3 October 1994 | Initially known as Amethyst. Sold to Bangladesh and renamed BNS Shapla; currently active |
| Carron | M2004 | Gt Yarmouth | 30 September 1984 | 3 October 1994 | Sold to Bangladesh and renamed BNS Shaikat; currently active |
| Dovey | M2005 | Gt Yarmouth | 30 March 1985 | 3 October 1994 | Sold to Bangladesh and renamed BNS Surovi; currently active |
| Helford | M2006 | Gt Yarmouth | 7 June 1985 | 3 October 1994 | Sold to Bangladesh and renamed BNS Shaibal; currently active |
| Humber | M2007 | Lowestoft | 7 June 1985 | 21 January 1995 | Sold to Brazil and renamed Amorim Do Valle; currently active as a buoy tender[3] |
| Blackwater | M2008 | Gt Yarmouth | 5 July 1985 | 3 October 1994 | Sold to Brazil and renamed Benevente; currently active as a patrol corvette |
| Itchen | M2009 | Lowestoft | 12 October 1985 | April 1998 | Sold to Brazil and renamed Jorge Leite, then Bracui; currently active as a patrol corvette |
| Helmsdale | M2010 | Lowestoft | 1 March 1986 | 1995 | Sold to Brazil and renamed Garnier Sampaio; [4] |
| Orwell | M2011 | Gt Yarmouth | 7 February 1985 | 2001 | Sold to Guyana and renamed GDFS Essequibo; currently active as a coast guard vessel |
| Ribble | M2012 | Gt Yarmouth | 19 February 1986 | 1995 | Sold to Brazil and renamed Jorge Leite, then Taurus; as a survey ship[5] |
| Spey | M2013 | Lowestoft | 4 April 1986 | 1998 | Sold to Brazil and renamed Pegasus then Bocaina; currently active as a patrol corvette |
| Arun | M2014 | 29 April 1986 | 1998 | Sold to Brazil and renamed Babetonga; currently active as a patrol corvette |
Notes edit
- ^ Neubert, 1989
- ^ Colledge, 2006
- ^ "NGB - Navio Balizador/Navio Hidroceanográfico Amorim do Valle - H 35". www.naval.com.br. Retrieved 1 October 2023.
- ^ "NGB - Navio Balizador Garnier Sampaio - H 37". www.naval.com.br. Retrieved 1 October 2023.
- ^ "NGB - Navio Hidroceanográfico Taurus - H 36". www.naval.com.br. Retrieved 1 October 2023.
References edit
- Paul Beaver Britain's Modern Royal Navy, Patrick Stephens Limited, 1996, ISBN 1-85260-442-5
- Brown, D. K.; Moore, George (2003). Rebuilding the Royal Navy : Warship Design Since 1945. Chatham Publishing.
- Colledge, J. J.; Warlow, Ben (2006) [1969]. Ships of the Royal Navy: The Complete Record of all Fighting Ships of the Royal Navy (Rev. ed.). London: Chatham Publishing. ISBN 978-1-86176-281-8.
- Michael Neubert (Under-Secretary of State for Defence Procurement) (23 October 1989), "Navy Vessels", House of Commons Written Questions, UK Parliament, col 357-361
- Archie Hamilton (16 July 1992), "Minesweepers", House of Commons Written Answers to Questions, UK Parliament, col 933-934