India has a multi-party system. The Election Commission of India (ECI) accords to national-level and state-level political parties based upon objective criteria. A recognised political party enjoys privileges like a reserved party symbol,[a] free broadcast time on state-run television and radio, consultation in the setting of election dates, and giving input in setting electoral rules and regulations. Other political parties that wish to contest local, state, or national elections are required to be registered by the Election Commission of India. Registered parties are upgraded as recognised national parties or state parties by the ECI if they meet the relevant criteria after a Lok Sabha or state legislative assembly election. The recognised party status is reviewed periodically by the ECI.
Before the amendment in 2016 (which came into force on 1 January 2014), in a political party failed to fulfill the criteria in the subsequent Lok Sabha or state legislative assembly election, they lost their status as a recognised party. In 2016, the ECI announced that such a review would take place after two consecutive elections instead of every election. Therefore, a political party shall retain the recognised party status even if they do not meet the criteria in the next election. However, if they fail to meet the criteria in the subsequent election following the next election, they would lose their status.
As per latest publications dated 23 March 2024 from Election Commission of India, and subsequent notifications, there are 6 national parties,[1] 57 state parties,[2][b] and 2,764 unrecognised parties.[6] All registered parties contesting elections need to choose a symbol from a list of available symbols offered by the EC. All 28 states of the country along with the union territories of Jammu and Kashmir, National Capital Territory of Delhi, and Puducherry have elected governments unless President's rule is imposed under certain condition.
National parties
editA registered party is recognised as a national party only if it fulfils any one of the three conditions listed below:[7]
- At a general election to Lok Sabha or Legislative Assembly, the party polls six per cent of votes in any four or more states and in addition it wins four Lok Sabha seats.
- The party gets recognition as a state party in four states.
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Regional parties
editA registered party is recognised as a state party only if it fulfils any one of the four conditions listed below:[7]
- A party should secure at least six per cent of valid votes polled in an election to the state legislative assembly and win at least two seats in that state assembly.
- A party should secure at least six per cent of valid votes polled in an election to Lok Sabha and win at least one seat in Lok Sabha.
- A party should win at least three per cent of the total number of seats or any fraction thereof allotted to that state.
- Under the liberalised criteria, one more clause that it will be eligible for recognition as state party if it secures eight per cent or more of the total valid votes polled in the state.
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Unrecognised parties
editDefunct political parties
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See also
editNotes
edit- ^ If a party is recognised as a national or state party, its symbol is reserved for its exclusive use in the country or in the state.[1][2]
- ^ a b There were 60 state parties listed in publication issued by the Election Commission of India on 23 March 2024. However 2 out of 60 parties (Rashtriya Lok Samata Party[3] and People's Democratic Front[4]) have merged with other parties. Additionally, the name and symbol of Lok Janshakti Party has been frozen until final order is passed by ECI regarding it's split into two new parties.[5]
References
edit- ^ a b c "List of National Parties" (PDF). Election Commission of India. 26 March 2024. Retrieved 17 April 2024.
- ^ a b c "List of State Parties" (PDF). Election Commission of India. 23 March 2024. Retrieved 17 April 2024.
- ^ "Upendra Kushwaha's Rashtriya Lok Samata Party merges with JD(U)". The Economic Times. 15 March 2021. ISSN 0013-0389. Retrieved 2 March 2024.
- ^ "PDF merges with ruling NPP in Meghalaya". The Economic Times. 7 May 2023. ISSN 0013-0389. Retrieved 2 March 2024.
- ^ "Lok Janshakti Party - Interim Order". Election Commission of India. 2 October 2021. Retrieved 17 April 2024.
- ^ a b "List of RUPPs" (PDF). Election Commission of India. 27 March 2024. Retrieved 17 April 2024.
- ^ a b "The Election Symbols (Reservation and Allotment) Order, 1968". Election Commission of India. Retrieved 3 October 2022.
- ^ "Will fight back to save India's composite culture, Constitution: Asaduddin Owaisi". 26 May 2019.
- ^ "Minority Upliftment".
- ^ "AIMIM eyes minorities and Dalits in Malda".
- ^ "AIADMK". The Times of India. 16 March 2021. Retrieved 14 September 2023.
- ^ Ogden, Chris (20 June 2019). A Dictionary of Politics and International Relations in India. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-253915-1. Archived from the original on 9 March 2023. Retrieved 11 November 2022.
All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (Tamil: 'All India Anna Dravidian Progress Federation') A political party. It was established in 1972...
- ^ "Victory for populism". The Indian Express. 23 May 2016. Retrieved 22 May 2024.
- ^ "Tamil Nadu: Jayalalithaa admires Karl Marx". India Today. 22 April 2012. Retrieved 22 May 2024.
- ^ "Mother of welfare schemes". The Hindu. 6 December 2016. Retrieved 24 February 2024.
- ^ "Jaya wants TN to play key role in secular India". The India Express. 22 February 2014. Retrieved 24 February 2014.
- ^ "Regionalism, Parties and India's emerging Politics | Heinrich Böll Stiftung". Heinrich-Böll-Stiftung. Retrieved 15 May 2024.
- ^ "AIADMK's record on social justice unmatched". The Hindu. 24 July 2010. Retrieved 23 May 2024.
- ^ P Price (1996) Revolution and Rank in Tamil Nationalism. The Journal of Asian Studies, 55(2), 359-383. doi:10.2307/2943363
- ^ Pamela Price (1999) Relating to leadership in the Tamil nationalist movement: C.N. Annadurai in person-centred propaganda, South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies, 22:2, 149-174, doi:10.1080/00856409908723369
- ^ a b "General Programme of CPI(ML)". Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) website. 6 April 2013. Archived from the original on 8 April 2020. Retrieved 23 March 2020.
- ^ Palanithurai 1997, pp. 21–22.
- ^ Hardgrave, Robert L. “The DMK and the Politics of Tamil Nationalism.” Pacific Affairs, vol. 37, no. 4, 1964, pp. 396–411. JSTOR, doi:10.2307/2755132. Accessed 6 Jun. 2022.
- ^ "DMK has regionalism ideals". Arunachal Times.
- ^ "Regionalism, Parties and India's emerging Politics | Heinrich Böll Stiftung". Heinrich-Böll-Stiftung. Retrieved 17 May 2023.
- ^ "Politics as family enterprise: Nationalist rhythm of BJP is challenge to regionalism". WION. 16 September 2019. Retrieved 17 May 2023.
- ^ a b
- Kannan, Ramya (8 August 2018). "M. Karunanidhi: From health care to community living, his schemes were aimed at social equality". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 10 August 2019.
- "Social Equality was Karunanidhi's Focus During Five Terms as Tamil Nadu CM". News18. 11 March 2019. Retrieved 10 August 2019.
- ^ "MK Stalin Balances Key Issues, Populism, and Vendetta Politics in DMK Manifesto". News18. 13 March 2021. Retrieved 12 May 2024.
- ^ Manoharan, Karthick Ram (29 March 2024). "Did Periyar call for a genocide of Brahmins?". Frontline. Retrieved 12 May 2024.
- ^ "Atheist Fundamentalists". The Times of India.
- ^ "Lok Sabha Elections 2014: Know your party symbols!". Daily News and Analysis. 10 April 2014.
- ^ Singh, Mahendra Prasad; Saxena, Rekha (2003). India at the Polls: Parliamentary Elections in the Federal Phase. Orient Blackswan. p. 78. ISBN 978-8-125-02328-9.
- ^ "Mulayam's son Prateek Yadav attracts eye balls during ride in Rs 5 crore Lamborghini". Zee News. 14 January 2017.
- ^ "Party constitution". India: All India Forward Bloc. 2017. Retrieved 22 April 2017.
- ^ "Centrist polity of TRS".
- ^ Hyderabad, K. VENKATESHWARLU in (23 April 2004). "Regionalism and sub-regionalism". Frontline. Retrieved 14 September 2020.
- ^ "One year of Telangana a mixed bag for KCR". The Tribune. Archived from the original on 21 July 2018. Retrieved 20 July 2018.
The Telangana Rashtra Samithi (TRS), led by Chandrasekhar Rao, took over the reins of the new state amid euphoria and high expectations. ... Blending boldness with populism, KCR has earned the reputation for being a tough task master
- ^ "Biju Janata Dal". Encyclopædia Britannica. 27 January 2024.
- ^ "Lok Sabha Elections 2014: Know your party symbols!". Daily News and Analysis. 10 April 2014.
Founded in December 1997, the Biju Janata Dal or the BJD is a regional political party of India. Having split from the larger faction Janata Dal, the party stands by democracy and liberalism.
- ^ Capron, Laurence; Guillén, Mauro (12 October 2006). "Fighting economic nationalism in deals". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 10 December 2022. Retrieved 22 May 2018.
- ^ "IDEOLOGY & FLAG". India: Election Commission of India. 2013. Archived from the original on 26 October 2020. Retrieved 9 May 2013.
- ^ "K M Mani honoured at British Parliament Hall". The New Indian Express. 7 September 2012. Retrieved 20 March 2021.
- ^ "KM Mani: The man behind the 'Theory of the Toiling Class'". The New Indian Express. 10 April 2019. Retrieved 20 March 2021.
- ^ "Raj Thackeray goes right ahead with 'Hindutva'and development agenda for MNS". CanIndia. 23 January 2020. Archived from the original on 19 May 2021. Retrieved 28 October 2021.
- ^ a b c "Maharashtra Navnirman Sena". Election MS. 29 March 2019.
- ^ "Munde still keen on alliance with MNS". Hindustan Times. 2 March 2011.
- ^ "How Pakistan Fell in Love With Bollywood". Foreign Policy. 15 March 2010.
- ^ Bedi, Tarini (2016). The Dashing Ladies of Shiv Sena. SUNY Press. p. 42.
- ^ Bidyut Chakrabarty (2014). Communism in India: Events, Processes and Ideologies. Oxford University Press. p. 61. ISBN 978-0-19-997489-4.
- ^ "Indian citizenship act against humanity: Manoj Bhattacharya". prothomalo.com. March 2020.
- ^ "SAD aims to widen reach, to contest UP poll". The Tribune. Chandigarh. 8 October 2015. Retrieved 8 October 2015.
- ^ Pandher, Sarabjit (3 September 2013). "In post-Independence India, the SAD launched the Punjabi Suba morcha in the 1960s, seeking the re-organisation of Punjab on linguistic basis". The Hindu. Retrieved 15 September 2015.
- ^ Grover, Verinder (1996). Encyclopaedia of India and Her States: Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir and Punjab, Volume 4. Deep & Deep. p. 578.
- ^ "Parkash Singh Badal calls for 'genuinely federal structure' for country". The Economic Times. 7 December 2014. Retrieved 10 October 2019.
- ^ Bharti, Vishav (6 August 2019). "Article 370: SAD 'dumps' its core ideology of federalism". The Tribune. Retrieved 4 June 2024.
- ^ "Tumultuous transition". 27 May 2017.
- ^ "Why no centre-right political party in India today?". 16 February 2014.
- ^ a b "Encyclopedia Britannica". February 2024.
- ^ Price, Pamela; Srinivas, Dusi (August 2014). Piliavsky, Anastasia (ed.). "Patronage and autonomy in India's deepening democracy". Cambridge University Press: 217–236. doi:10.1017/CBO9781107296930.011. ISBN 9781107296930.
- ^ "This is how Jagan Reddy has turned into a political juggernaut in Andhra". 25 September 2021.
- ^ "Manjhi's HAM recognised by poll panel". The Statesman. 19 July 2015. Retrieved 25 November 2016.
- ^ "June 2015 Notification" (PDF). Election Commission of India. p. 2. Retrieved 17 September 2016.
- ^ "महंगाई व बेरोजगारी के खिलाफ किया प्रदर्शन". www.livehindustan.com. Retrieved 7 May 2021.
- ^ "SAMATA PARTY – Official Website". Archived from the original on 15 February 2022. Retrieved 8 February 2022.
Further reading
edit- Subrata K. Mitra and V. B. Singh. 1999. Democracy and Social Change in India: but parties have to be 70per of decision A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the National Electorate. New Delhi: Sage Publications. ISBN 81-7036-809-X (India HB) ISBN 0-7619-9344-4 (U.S. HB).
- Subrata K. Mitra, Mike Enskat, Clemens Spiess (eds.). 2004. Political Parties in South Asia. Greenwood: Praeger.
- Political Parties, Democratic Politics II, Textbook in Political Science for Class X, NCERT
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