Pennsylvania Dutch English

Pennsylvania Dutch English differs from standard English in various ways.^[2] Some of its hallmark features include:

• Widespread devoicing of obstruents, such as “round” being pronounced “rount” or “eggs” as “ecks”.
• The use of certain vowel variants in specific phonological contexts.^{[further explanation needed]}
• The use of Pennsylvania German verb and noun stems in word construction.^{[example needed]}
• Specific intonation patterns for questions.^{[example needed]}
• Special placement of prepositional phrases in sentences (so that "Throw some hay over the fence for the horse" might be rendered "Throw the horse over the fence some hay").
• The use of "ain't" and "not" or "say" as question tags.
• The use of "still" as a habitual verbal marker.^{[example needed]}
• The use of the phrase "what for" to mean "what kind of", as in "What for drink do you have?" (German = "was für")
• Use of the word "yet" to mean "still," such as "do you work at the store yet?" to mean "do you still work at the store?"
• Use of terms such as "doncha know" and "so I do" or "so he does" at the end of declaratory sentences.
• Use of the word "awhile" at the end of sentences proposing simultaneous actions (e.g. "Go get the tea out of the pantry; I'll start boiling the water awhile.").
• Omitting "to be" from the passive construction in an infinitive following "needs" or "wants" (e.g. "the car needs cleaned" instead of "the car needs to be cleaned").

Other calques include:

Other idioms include "Make wet?" meaning "Is it going to rain?", "hurrieder" meaning "faster", and "dippy eggs/ecks" meaning "over-easy or soft-boiled eggs".

• Lunenburg English, a dialect of Canadian English similarly influenced by German
• Northeast Pennsylvania English
• Philadelphia dialect
• North American English regional phonology
• Regional vocabularies of American English

• "Pennsylvania German versus Germany German". Get Germanized. youtube.com.
• www.padutchdictionary.com
• www.deitshbooks.com