Negros Island Region

Negros has history as a single province and as a briefly independent republic.^[4] The movement for a single-island region started in the 1980s, when officials from both provinces proposed a one-island, one-region unit. At the time, Negros Occidental and Negros Oriental were the only provinces in the Philippines situated on the same island but belonging to two different administrative regions. Their regional offices were located in Panay and Cebu respectively. This led to the filing of House of Representatives Bill No. 1477 titled "An Act Merging the Province of Negros Occidental and Oriental into One-Island Region". This argued that the two provinces "nestle in one common island; have common fowls and beasts in the forest; share the same soil in our plains and mountains; benefit and suffer together from the rivers that snake through our land; and our ancestors roamed the same length and breadth without complications of political, social, economic, religious and lingual obstacles."

The proposal was continued through talks between Governor Daniel Lacson Jr. of Negros Occidental and Governor Emilio Macias of Negros Oriental in 1990. Their successors, Rafael Coscolluella and George Arnaiz, respectively, took the initiative further, first identifying Kabankalan in Negros Occidental and the neighboring municipality of Mabinay in Negros Oriental, with the two situated on or near the geographic center of the island, as joint regional centers. However, the National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA) turned down the proposal due to a lack of funding.^[5] At the same time, opposition was voiced by some officials from Negros Oriental who feared that the province would be dominated economically by its larger neighbor and Bacolod.^[6]

In 2013, the one-island region talks were continued by Negros Oriental Representatives Pryde Henry Teves and George Arnaiz, and Negros Occidental Governor Alfredo Marañon Jr. with Representative Alfredo Marañon III and Coscolluela.^[7] They pointed out that, while the creation of a new region would entail substantial costs to the government, it would be advantageous to the people of both provinces because they would not need to travel by sea any more to process transactions in the regional offices.^[8] They also claimed that a one-island region would also result in better coordination between both provinces in tourism, peace and order, environment, development planning, disaster management, and road infrastructure. Edward Du, president of the Negros Oriental Chamber of Commerce and Industry, also proposed to convert existing offices of national agencies in the provincial capitals of Bacolod and Dumaguete to sub-regional offices during an interim period if the proposal was approved to defray the costs of establishing a new regional center. Various public officials and representatives from academic, religious, media, and other private sectors aired support for the proposal.^[9][10]

Notably, Negros Oriental Governor Roel Degamo was tagged as being initially opposed to the talks, claiming he was not convinced with a one-island region setup and that his constituents were allegedly not in favor of its creation.^[11] He eventually clarified that his original stand as regards the region was being "open" to it and that there were some concerns, such as revenue sharing between the two provinces, that had to be thrashed out first.^[12]

President Benigno Aquino III directed the Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG) to study the establishment of a new region.^[13] The DILG subsequently endorsed the proposal, noting that the new region would mean integrated planning for holistic development, disaster management, tourism promotion, and peace and order management.^[14] NEDA affirmed by saying that its studies show that the proposed region is economically viable.^[15]

On May 29, 2015, President Aquino III signed Executive Order 183,^[16] merging the two Negros provinces into one region — the Negros Island Region. It separated Negros Occidental and its capital Bacolod from Western Visayas (Region VI) and Negros Oriental from Central Visayas (Region VII), raising the total number of regions of the Philippines to 18.^[17][18]

On August 9, 2017, President Rodrigo Duterte signed Executive Order No. 38, revoking the Executive Order No. 183 after former Department of Budget and Management Secretary Benjamin Diokno cited the cost of retaining the region to be at ₱19 billion.^[19] Negros officials expressed disappointment and sadness over the dissolution of the NIR.^[20]

In 2020, some officials from Negros and their allies proposed for the region's reestablishment.^[19] A bill was also filed in July 2022,^[21][22] and in 2023, the proposal was again revived.^[23] On March 12, 2024, JV Ejercito's Senate Bill No. 2507 or the Negros Island Region Bill was passed on the third and final reading at the Senate.^{[24][25][26][27]} Some new officials reiterated their intent for consultation first before reestablishment.^[28] The measure was also opposed by the Roman Catholic Diocese of Dumaguete, with Bishop Julito Cortes and eight other senior clergy calling it an "insult" to the people of Negros Oriental and adding that residents of the province as well as Siquijor were not consulted on the matter.^[29][30] Wilfredo Capundag Jr., the mayor of San Juan, Siquijor, called for the region to be renamed into the Negros Island-Siquijor Administrative Region (NISAR) to acknowledge his province's inclusion.^[31]

On June 13, 2024, the bill was signed by President Bongbong Marcos as Republic Act No. 12000.^[3] The re-established region, this time, included the nearby island province of Siquijor, upon the request of the provincial authorities; Siquijor, previously part of Region VII along with Negros Oriental,^[32] was part of Negros Oriental until it became an independent province in 1971.^[33] Sixteen regional government offices will be established in Dumaguete, while fourteen will be established in Bacolod.^[34]

The region currently has three provinces and 19 cities. Negros Occidental has the most chartered cities amongst all the provinces in the Philippines, with 13, including its provincial capital Bacolod, though it is governed independently from its corresponding province as a highly urbanized city.

Bacolod, the center of the Bacolod Metropolitan Area (which also contains the cities of Talisay and Silay), is the region's most populous city and the country's 19th; while Dumaguete is the region's most densely populated city.

Bacolod and Dumaguete both serve as the regional centers of the region.^[34]

Province	Image	Governor	Political Party		Vice Governor
Negros Occidental		Eugenio Jose Lacson		NPC	Jeffrey Ferrer
Negros Oriental		Manuel L. Sagarbarria		NPC	Jaime Reyes
Siquijor		Jake Vincent Villa		NPC	Mei Ling Quezon-Brown

The capitals were Bacolod and Dumaguete as interim joint temporary regional centers for a four-year transition period; Kabankalan and neighboring Mabinay were to be joint permanent regional centers.

At the time of its first existence, the region had the fewest provinces in the country (only two), but with 19 cities—making it the region with the most cities amongst the rest in Visayas, tying alongside Calabarzon in Luzon, at that time it also had the same number. Bacolod was the most populous city of the region and the center of the Bacolod Metropolitan Area (which also contains the cities of Talisay and Silay), as well as the 19th most populous city of the whole Philippines, while Dumaguete was the most densely populated city in the whole region.

• Media related to Negros Island Region at Wikimedia Commons