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Islamic dynasties of Iran

(Redirected from Muslim dynasties of Iran)

This is a list of kings of Iran of the medieval Islamic period, AD 820 to 1432, arranged genealogically.

For the early Islamic period before 820, see:

For the period after 1506, see:

See also Monarchism in Iran.

Tahirid dynasty (820–872)

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Tahirid dynasty at its greatest extent.
Throne NameOriginal NamePortraitTitleBorn-DiedEntered officeLeft officeFamily RelationsNote
Tahirid dynasty,[1] 821–872
1Taher IEmir, Governor-General?–822821822son of Hoseyn son of Mos'ab
2TalhehGovernor-General?–828822828son of Taher I
3AbdollahGovernor-General798–844828844
4Taher IIGovernor-General?–862844862
5MohammadGovernor-General?–890862872


Mos'eb
Husayn
Tahir I
(821–822)1		Ibrahim
Talha
(822–828)2		Abdallah
(828–845)3		Ishaq
Tahir II
(845–862)4		MuhammadUbaydallahSulaymanMuhammadAbdullah
Muhammad
(862–872)5

Alavid dynasty (864–928)

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Hasanids

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Zayd
Hasan
al-Da'i ila'l-Haqq
864–884		Muhammad
al-Da'i ila'l-Haqq
884–900
Hasan
al-Da'i ila'l-Haqq
917–919, 919–923, 927–928

The Samanids captured Tabaristan, and the Alavids fled to Gilan in exile, 900–913.

Husaynids

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Ali
Muhammad
QasimMuhammad
Hasan al-Utrush
914–917
Ja'far
919, 923–925		Ahmad
919, 923
Muhammad
925–927		Husayn
927, 929

Saffarid dynasty (861–1003)

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Map of the Saffarid Dynasty (861 CE-1003 CE).
Throne NameOriginal NamePortraitTitleBorn-DiedEntered officeLeft officeFamily RelationsNote
Saffarid dynasty, 861–1002
1Ya'qubEmir, Great Founder840–879872879son of Leyth
2Amr IEmir?–901870901brother of Ya'qub
3Tahir IEmir883–908901908
4Al-LaythEmir?–928908910
5MohammadEmir?–?910911
6AhmadEmir, Governor-General906–963923963
7Khalaf IEmir937–10099631002


Laith
Ya'qub
867–879		TaherAliAmr
879–901
Layth
908–910		Muhammad
910–912		Muhammad
KhalafTâhir
901–908		Ya`qûb
Muhammad`Amr
912–913
Ahmad
922–963
Khalaf
963–1003

Samanid dynasty (819–999)

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Samanid Empire at its greatest extent.
Throne NameOriginal NamePortraitTitleBorn-DiedEntered officeLeft officeFamily RelationsNote
Samanid dynasty, 819–1005
1Ahmad I?–864/5819864/5
2Nasr I?–892864/5892
3Isma'il IAdel?–907892907
4Ahmad IIShaheed?–914907914
5Nasr II Saeed?–943914942
6Nuh IHamid?–954942954
7'Abd al-Malik IRashid?–?954961
8Mansur IMo'ayyed?–976961976
9Nuh IIRadhi? –997976996
10Mansur IIAbol Hareth?–999996999
11'Abd al-Malik IIAbol Favares?–?999999
12Isma'il IIMontaser?–100510001005


Saman Khuda
Asad
NuhAhmad IYahya
819–855		Ilyas
Nasr I
864–892		Isma'il I
892–907
Ahmad II
907–914
Nasr II
914–943
Nuh I
943–954
'Abd al-Malik I
954–961		Mansur I
961–976
Nuh II
976–997
Mansur II
997–999		'Abd al-Malik II
999)		Isma'il II
al-Muntasir

Ziyarid dynasty (928–1043)

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Throne NameOriginal NamePortraitTitleBorn-DiedEntered officeLeft officeFamily RelationsNote
Ziyarid dynasty, 928–1043 AD
1MardavijAbolhajjaj, Emir?–934928934son of Ziyar
2VoshmgirAbutaher?–967934967son of Ziyar
3BisotoonZahir od-Dowleh?–976967–976son of Voshmgir
4QabusShams ol-Ma'ali, Abolhasan9761012son of Voshmgir
5ManuchehrFalak ol-Ma'ali10121031son of Qabus
6AnushiravanSharaf ol-Ma'ali10311043son of Manuchehr
7KeykavousOnsor ol-Ma'alison of Eskandar son of Qabus
8Gilanshahson of Keykavous


Vardanshah
Ziyar
Mardavij
930-935		Vushmgir
935-967
FarhadBisutun
967-977		Qabus
977-1012
Manuchihr
1012-1031		DaraIskandar
Anushirvan
1030-1050		Keikavus
1050-1087
Gilanshah
1087-1090

Buyid dynasty (934–1062)

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Buyid Dynasty at its greatest extent.
Throne NameOriginal NamePortraitTitleBorn-DiedEntered officeLeft officeFamily RelationsNote
Buyids of Fars (933–1062)
Imad al-DawlaAbu'l-Hasan AliEmir, Amir al-umara891 – 949934949Son of BuyaAlso Senior Buyid Emir (934-949)
Adud al-DawlaFanna Khusraw Emir, Shahanshah936–983949983Son of Rukn al-Dawla and nephew of Imad al-DawlaSenior Buyid Emir (976-983) and Emir of Iraq (978-983)
Sharaf al-DawlaAbu'l-Fawaris ShirdilEmir, Amir al-umara962–989983989Son of Adud al-DawlaAlso Senior Buyid Emir and Emir of Iraq (987-989)
Samsam al-DawlaAbu Kalijar MarzubanEmir, King964–998989998son of Adud al-DawlaAlso Emir of Iraq and self-proclaimed Senior Buyid Emir (983-986)
Baha' al-DawlaAbu Nasr Firuz Emir, King, Shahanshah971–10129981012Son of Adud al-DawlaAlso Emir of Iraq (988-1012) and Senior Buyid Emir (997-1012)
Sultan al-DawlaAbu ShujaEmir992–102410121024Son of Baha' al-DawlaAlso Emir of Iraq and Senior Buyid Emir (1012-1021)
Abu KalijarMarzuban Emir, Shahanshah?1011 – 104810241048Son of Sultan al-DawlaAlso Emir of Kerman (1028-1048), Senior Buyid Emir (1037-1048) and Emir of Iraq (1044-1048)
Abu Mansur Fulad SutunEmir?–106210481054Son of Abu KalijarLost Fars to Abu Sa'd Khusrau Shah
Abu Sa'd Khusrau ShahEmir?–?10511054Son of Abu KalijarLost Fars to Abu Mansur Fulad Sutun
Abu Mansur Fulad SutunEmir?–106210541062Son of Abu KalijarKilled by the Shabankara tribal chief Fadluya
Buyids of Rey, Isfahan, and Hamadan (935–1038)
Rukn al-DawlaAbu Ali Hasan Emir, Amir al-umara898–976935976Son of BuyaAlso Senior Buyid Emir (949-976)
Fakhr al-Dawla
(First reign)		Abu'l-Hasan AliEmir952–997976980Son of Rukn al-Dawla
Mu'ayyad al-DawlaAbu Mansur Emir941–983976983Son of Rukn al-DawlaAlso Emir of Hamadan (976–983), Jibal (977–983), Tabaristan (980–983), and Gorgan (981–983)
Fakhr al-Dawla
(Second reign)		Abu'l-Hasan AliEmir, King, Shahanshah983–997976997Son of Rukn al-DawlaAlso Emir of Hamadan & Tabaristan (984-997) and Senior Buyid Emir (991-997)
Majd al-DawlaAbu Taleb Rostam Emir993–10299971029Son of Fakhr al-DawlaOnly in Rey, briefly self-proclaimed Senior Buyid Emir
Shams al-DawlaAbu Taher Emir?–10219971021Son of Fakhr al-DawlaOnly in Isfahan and Hamaedan, briefly self-proclaimed Senior Buyid Emir
Sama' al-DawlaAbu'l-Hasan AliEmir?–102310211023Son of Shams al-DawlaOnly in Hamadan, Deposed by Kakuyids
Buyids of Iraq and Khuzistan (945–1055)
Mu'izz al-DawlaAbu'l-Husayn AhmadEmir, Amir al-umara915–966945966Son of Buya
Izz al-DawlaAbu Mansur BakhtiyarEmir, Amir al-umara943–979966979Son of Mu'izz al-DawlaSelf-proclaimed Senior Buyid Emir (976-978)
Adud al-DawlaFanna Khusraw Emir, Shahanshah937–983977983Son of Rukn al-DawlaAlso Emir of Fars (949-983) and Senior Buyid Emir (976-983)
Samsam al-DawlaAbu Kalijar MarzbanEmir, King964–998983987Son of Adud al-DawlaAlso self-proclaimed Senior Buyid Emir (983-986) and Emir of Fars & Kerman (989-998)
Sharaf al-DawlaAbu'l-Fawaris ShirdilEmir, Amir al-umara962–989987989Son of Adud al-DawlaAlso Emir of Fars (983-989) and Senior Buyid Emir (987-989)
Baha' al-DawlaAbu Nasr Firuz Emir970–10129891012Son of Adud al-DawlaAlso Senior Buyid Emir (997-1012) and Emir of Fars (999-1012)
Sultan al-DawlaAbu ShujaEmir992–102410121021Son of Baha' al-DawlaAlso Senior Buyid Emir (1012-1021) and Emir of Fars (1012-1024)
Musharrif al-DawlaAbu 'AliEmir, Shahanshah, King1002–102510211025Son of Baha' al-DawlaClosest thing to Senior Buyid Emir (1024-1025)
Jalal al-DawlaAbu Tahir Jalal al-DawlaEmir994–104310271043Son of Baha' al-Dawla
Abu KalijarMarzuban Emir, Shahanshah?1011 – 104810431048Son of Sultan al-DawlaAlso Emir of Fars (1024-1048), Emir of Kerman (1028-1048) and Senior Buyid Emir (1037-1048)
Al-Malik al-RahimAbu Nasr Khusrau FiruzEmir?–105810481055Son of Abu KalijarAlso Senior Buyid Emir (1051-1055). Deposed by Tughril of the Seljuqs


Imad al-Dawla
934–949		Rukn al-Dawla
935–976		Mu'izz al-Dawla
945–967
Fakhr al-Dawla
976–997		'Adud al-Dawla
949–983		Mu'ayyad al-Dawla
980–983		Izz al-Dawla
967–978
Shams al-Dawla
997–1021		Majd al-Dawla
997–1029		Sharaf al-Dawla
983–989		Samsam al-Dawla
983–998		Baha' al-Dawla
998–1012
Sama' al-Dawla
1021–1024		Fana-KhusrauQawam al-Dawla
1012–1028		Sultan al-Dawla
1012–1024		Musharrif al-Dawla
1021–1025		Jalal al-Dawla
1027–1044
Abu Kalijar
1024–1048		Al-Malik al-Aziz
Abu Ali Fana-KhusrauAbu Mansur Fulad Sutun
1048–1062		Al-Malik al-Rahim
1048–1055		KamravaAbu'l-Muzaffar BahramAbu Sa'd Khusrau Shah
Abu'l-Ghana'im al-MarzubanSurkhab

Ghaznavids (963–1187)

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Ghaznavid dynasty at the greatest extent.
Throne NameOriginal NamePortraitTitleBorn-DiedEntered officeLeft officeFamily RelationsNote
Ghaznavid dynasty, 955–1186 AD
1AlptiginEmir880–963955963
2EshaqEmir?–966963966son of Alptigin
3BelkatiginEmir?–972966972
4PiritiginEmir?–976972976Killed
5SabuktiginNaser od-Din, Abumansur, Emir942–997976997son of Juq Qarabajkam
6Esma'ilEmir?–?997998son of SabuktiginAbdicated
7MahmudYameen od-Dowleh, Abolqasem, Soltan971–10309981030son of Sabuktigin
8Mohammad IJalal od-Dowleh, Abuahmad, Soltan997–104010301030son of MahmudDeposed by Mas'ud I
9Mas'ud IShahab od-Dowleh, Abusa'd, Soltan997–104010301040son of Mahmud
8Mohammad IJalal od-Dowleh, Abuahmad, Soltan997–104010401040son of MahmudKilled by Mowdud
10MowdudShahab od-Dowleh, Abolfath, Soltan1011–104910401049son of Mas'ud I
11Mas'ud IISoltan?–?10491049?
12AliBaha' od-Dowleh, Abolhasan, Soltan?–?10491049son of Mas'ud I
13Mohammad IISoltan?–?10491049son of Mowdud
14Abd or-RashidEzz od-Dowleh, Abumansur, Soltan1022–105210491052son of Mahmud
15ToghrelSoltan?–105210521052Usurper. Killed
16FarrokhzadJamal od-Dowleh, Abushoja', Soltan1026–105910521059son of Mas'ud I
17EbrahimZaheer od-Dowleh, Abolmozaffar, Soltan1026 or 1040–109810591098son of Mas'ud I
18Mas'ud IIIAla' od-Dowleh, Abusa'id, Soltan1061–111410981114son of Ebrahim
19ShirzadKamal od-Dowleh, Soltan?–?11141115son of Mas'ud III
20Arsalan ShahSoltan od-Dowleh, Abolfat'h, Soltan1083–1117/811151117/8son of Mas'ud III
21Baharm ShahYameen od-Dowleh, Abolmozaffar, Soltan?–11521117/81152son of Mas'ud III
22Khosrow ShahTaj od-Dowleh, Abushoja', Soltan?–116011521160son of Baharm Shah
23Khosrow MalekSaraj od-Dowleh, Abolmolook, Soltan?–119311601186son of Khosrow Shah


Alptigin
963–977
EbrahimPiriSebük Tigin
977–997		Belka Tigin
Ismail
997–998		Mahmud
998–1030
Mohammed
1st, 1030–1031
2nd, 1041		Mass'ud I
1031–1041
Maw'dud
1041–1050


Nasrid dynasty (Sistan) (1029–1225)

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Throne NameOriginal NamePortraitTitleBorn-DiedEntered officeLeft officeFamily RelationsNote
Nasrid dynasty (Sistan),[2] 1029-1225
1Tadj al-Din I Abu l-Fadl NasrMalik10291073Malik of Sistan under the Ghaznavids
2Baha al-Dawala Tahir ibn NasrMalik10731088son of Tadj al-Din I Nasr
3Badr al-Dawala Abu ‘l-‘Abbas ibn NasrMalik10881090son of Tadj al-Din I Nasr
4Baha al-Dawala Khalaf ibn NasrMalik10901106son of Tadj al-Din I Nasr
5Taj al-Din II Nasr ibn KhalafMalik11061164son of Baha al-Dawala Khalaf
6Taj al-Din II Nasr ibn KhalafMalik11641169son of Baha al-Dawala Khalaf
7Taj al-Din II Nasr ibn KhalafMalik11061164son of Baha al-Dawala Taj al-Din II Nasr
8Taj al-Din III Harb ibn Muhammad ibn Nasr Malik11691213grandson of Tadj al-Din I NasrVassal to the Ghurids
9Yamin al-Din Bahram Shah ibn HarbMalik12131221son of Taj al-Din III HarbKilled during the Mongol invasion, ushering in a period of succession instability and subsequent dissolution.
10Taj al-Din IV Nasr ibn Bahram ShahMalik12211221son of Bahram Shah
11Shihab al-Din Mahmud I ibn HarbMalik12211225son of Taj al-Din III Harb
12Rukn al-Din Mahmud ibn Bahram ShahMalik12211222son of Bahram Shah
13Abu ‘l-Muzaffar Ali ibn HarbMalik12221222son of Taj al-Din III Harb
14Ala al-Din Ahman ibn Uthman Nasr al-Din ibn HarbMalik12231223son of Taj al-Din III Harb
15Uthman Shah ibn Uthman Nasr al-Din ibn HarbMalik12251225son of Taj al-Din III Harb


Great Seljuq Empire, 1037–1194

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A map showing the Great Seljuk Empire at its height, upon the death of Malik Shah I in 1092.
Throne NameOriginal NamePortraitTitleBorn-DiedEntered officeLeft officeFamily RelationsNote
Seljuq Empire, 1029–1194
1Toğrül IMohammadRukn od-Din, Abutaleb, Beg, Sultan995–106310291063son of Mikayil son of Seljuq
2Alp ArslanMohammadAzad od-Dowleh, Abushoja', Sultan1029–107210641072son of Chaghri Beg Dawud brother of Toğrül Ikilled by a captured soldier
3Malik Shah IHasan Jalal od-Dowleh, Abolfat'h, Sultan1055–109210721092son of Alp Arslankilled by assassins
4Mahmud INasir od-Din, abolqasem, Sultan1086–109410921094son of Malik Shah I
5BarkiyaruqMohammadRukn od-Din, Abolmozaffar, Sultan1080–110510941105son of Malik Shah I
6Malik Shah IIMu'izz od-Din, Abolfat'h, Sultan1101–?11051105son of Barkiyaruqdeposed & blinded by Mohammad I
7Mohammad ITaparGhiyath od-Din, Abushoja', Sultan1082–111811051118son of Malik Shah I
8SanjarAhmadMu'izz od-Din, Abolhareth, Sultan1087–115710971157son of Malik Shah I
9Mahmud IIMoghith od-Din, Sultan1104–113111181131son of Mohammad I
10DawudMoghith od-Din, Abolfat'h, Sultan?–113211311132son of Mahmud II
11Toğrül IIRukn od-Din, Abutaleb, Sultan1109–113411321134son of Mohammad I
12Mas'udGhiath od-Din, Abolfat'h, Sultan1109–115211341152son of Mohammad I
13Malik Shah IIIMoghith od-Din, Sultan1128–116011521153son of Mahmud II
14Mohammad IIGhith od-Din, Abushoja', Sultan1128–116011531160son of Mahmud II
15Süleyman ShahMu'izz od-Din, Abolhareth, Sultan1118–116211601161son of Mohammad Ideposed
16ArsalanRukn od-Din, Sultan1134–117611611176son of Toğrül II
17Toğrül IIIRukn od-Din, Abutaleb, Sultan?–119411761194son of Arsalankilled

Khwārazm-Shāh dynasty (1077–1231)

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Khwarazmian Empire at its greatest extent.
Throne NameOriginal NamePortraitTitleBorn-DiedEntered officeLeft officeFamily RelationsNote
Khwārazm-Shāh Empire, 1153–1231
1AtsizAla' od-Din, Abolmozaffar, Sultan?–115611531156son of Muhammad I of KhwarazmRuling in Khwārazm from 1127
2Il-ArslanTaj od-Din, Abolfat'h, Sultan?–117111561172son of Atsiz
3SoltanshahMahmudJalal od-Din, Abolqasem, Sultan?–117211721193son of Il-Arslan
4TekishAla' od-Din, Abolmozaffar, Sultan?–119911721200son of Il-Arslan
5MohammadAla' od-Din, Qotb od-Din, Abolfat'h, Sultan?–122112001221son of Tekish
6MingburnuJalal od-Din, Sultan?–123112201231son of Mohammad IIKilled


Anushtiginids

Anush Tigin
1077–1097
Muhammad I
1097–1127
Aziz
1127–1156
Il-Arslan
1156–1172
Sultan Shah
1172–1193		Takesh
1172–1200
Muhammad II
1200–1220
Jalal al-Din
1220–1231

- Mongol invasion of Khwarezmia, 1218–1221

- Mongol Empire, 1231–1256
- Ilkhanate, 1256–1335

Chupanids (1335–1357)

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Main article: Chupanids


Chupan
HassanTimurtashDemasq KajaShaikh MahmoudBagdad Katun
Hassan KuchakMalek AshrafDelsad Katun

Muzaffarids (1335–1393)

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Sharaf al-Din Mozaffar
Mubariz al-Din Muhammad
1314–1358
Imad al-Din Ahmad
1387–1391		BayazidSharaf al-Din MuzaffarShah Shuja
1335–1364
1366–1384		Qutb Al-Din Shah Mahmud
1358–1366
Shah Mansur
1391–1393		Mubariz al-Din Shah Yahya
1387–1391		Mujahid al-Din Zain Al-Abidin 'Ali
1384–1387

Jalayirids (1335–1432)

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Husein Gurkandaughter of Arghun
Hasan Buzurg
1336–1356		Delsad Katun
Uvais I
1356–1374
AlishahHusain I
1374–1382		Ahmad
1383–1410		Hasan
1374
Shah Valad
1410–1411		Tandura KhatunAl'a od-Dowleh
Mahmud
1411–1415		Uvais II
1415–1421		Mohammed
1421–1422		Husain II
1424–1432

See also

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Notes and references

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  1. ^ Tahirids were among the first Persian Iranian dynasties after the Arab conquest.
  2. ^ Clifford Edmund Bosworth (January 1996). The New Islamic Dynasties. Columbia University Press. pp. 211–. ISBN 978-0-231-10714-3.

Bibliography

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  • Zambaur, E. Manuel (1927). de genealogie et de chronologie pour l'historie de l'Islam. Hannover.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • Bosworth, Clifford Edmund (1967). The Islamic Dynasties: a Chronological and Genealogical survey. Edinburgh.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • The Cambridge History of Iran, vol. 4, The Period From the Arab Invasion to the Saljuqs, Cambridge University Press, 1975.
  • The Cambridge History of Iran, vol. 5, The Saljuq and Mongol Periods, Cambridge University Press, 1968.
  • The Cambridge History of Iran, vol. 6, The Timurid and Safavid Periods, Cambridge University Press, 1986.
  • The Cambridge History of Iran, vol. 7, From Nadir Shah to the Islamic Republic, Cambridge University Press, 1991.
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