There are eleven metropolitan regions in Germany[1] consisting of the country's most densely populated cities and their catchment areas. They represent Germany's political, commercial and cultural centres. The eleven metropolitan regions in Germany were organised into political units for planning purposes.
Based on a narrower definition of metropolises commonly used to determine the metropolitan status of a given city,[2] only four cities in Germany surpass the threshold of at least one million inhabitants within their administrative borders: Berlin, Hamburg, Munich, and Cologne.
For urban centres outside metropolitan areas that are a similar focal point for their region, but on a smaller scale, the concept of the Regiopolis and the related concepts of regiopolitan area or regio were introduced by urban and regional planning professors in 2006.[3]
Metropolitan regions edit
Sorted alphabetically:
- Berlin Metropolitan Region
- Central German Metropolitan Region
- Frankfurt/Rhine-Main Metropolitan Region
- Hamburg Metropolitan Region
- Hannover-Braunschweig-Göttingen-Wolfsburg Metropolitan Region
- Munich Metropolitan Region
- Northwest Metropolitan Region
- Nuremberg Metropolitan Region
- Rhine-Neckar Metropolitan Region
- Rhine-Ruhr Metropolitan Region (also covers the Cologne Bonn Region)
- Stuttgart Metropolitan Region
Big five edit
The five most important regions, collectively often called the Big Five,[4][5] are frequently compared with other European metropolitan regions (EMR) in terms of investment and market development.[6] They are (from north to south):Hamburg, Berlin, the polycentric Ruhr-Düsseldorf-Cologne region (collectively referred to as Rhine-Ruhr), Frankfurt and Munich. The Globalization and World Cities Study Group (GaWC) considers Frankfurt and Munich as "α" (alpha) global cities, whereas the others are classified as "β" (beta) global cities.[7]
Each of them forms types of clusters and achieves varying levels of performance in areas, including business activity, human capital, information and technology exchange, cultural experience, and political engagement.[8]
List edit
| rank | metropolitan region (EMR) | core cities | states | population as by EMR[9] (2006) | population as by ESPON[10] (2007) | GDP per capita in €[11] (2006) | GMP in billion €[9] (2006) | HQs of MNC (FG500[12]) | annual passenger traffic  (2008) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Rhine-Ruhr EMR | K, DO, D, E, DU | NW | 11.47 million | 12.19 million | 29,486 | 338.21 | 13 | 30.80 million |
| Ruhr | DO, E, DU, BO | 5.26 million | 5.38 million | 25,266 | 132.90 | 4 | 2.30 million (DTM) | ||
| Düsseldorf | D, W, MG | 3.12 million | 3.07 million | 34,658 | 108.13 | 5 | 18.15 million (DUS) | ||
| Cologne/Bonn | K, BN | 3.09 million | 3.07 million | 31,448 | 97.18 | 4 | 10.35 million (CGN) | ||
| 2 | Frankfurt/Rhine-Main EMR | F, WI, MZ, DA, OF, HU | HE, RP, BY | 6.0million | 4.15 million | 35,000 | 193.20 | 4 | 57.44 million (FRA, HHN) |
| 3 | Berlin/Brandenburg EMR | B, P, CB | BE, BR | 5.95 million | 4.02 million | 21,981 | 130.78 | 1 | 21.40 million (TXL, SXF) |
| 4 | Stuttgart EMR | S, RT, ES, HN | BW | 5.29 million | — | 31,909 | 168.80 | 3[13] | 9.93 million |
| Stuttgart | S, ES | 2.67 million | 2.67 million | 35,492 | 94.76 | 3[13] | 9.93 million[14] (STR) | ||
| 5 | Munich EMR | M, A, IN, LA, RO | BY | 5.20 million | 3.27 million | 39,155 | 203.61 | 7 | 34.73 million |
| Munich[15] | M, FS | 2.59 million[16] | 2.67 million | 47,943 | 124.35[16] | 7 | 34.73 million (MUC) | ||
| 6 | Central German EMR | L, DD, C, HAL, EF | SN, ST, TH | 4.36 million | — | 21,482 | 93.66 | 0 | 4.88 million |
| Leipzig/Halle | L, HAL | 1.50 million | 1.21 million | no data | no data | 0 | 2.46 million (LEJ) | ||
| Dresden | DD, PIR | 0.70 million[17] | 0.88 million | no data | no data | 0 | 1.86 million (DRS) | ||
| 7 | Hamburg EMR | HH, HL | HH, SH, NI | 4.27 million | 2.98 million | 33,210 | 141.81 | 2 | 12.84 million (HAM) |
| 8 | Hanover-Braunschweig- Göttingen-Wolfsburg EMR | H, BS, GÖ, WOB, SZ, HI | NI | 3.91 million | — | 27,251 | 106.55 | 3 | 5.74 million |
| Braunschweig/Wolfsburg | BS, WOB, SZ | 1.00 million[18] | 1.00 million | no data | no data | 1 | 0.10 million (BWE) | ||
| Hanover | H | 1.12 million* | 1.00 million | no data | no data | 2 | 5.64 million[19] (HAJ) | ||
| 9 | Nuremberg EMR | N, FÜ, ER, BT, BA | BY | 3.51 million | — | 29,955 | 105.14 | 0 | 4.27 million |
| Nuremberg/Furth/Erlangen | N, FÜ, ER | 1.29 million | 1.58 million | no data | no data | 0 | 4.27 million[20] (NUE) | ||
| 10 | Bremen/Oldenburg EMR | HB, OL, HBx, DEL, WHV | HB, NI | 2.37 million | 1.08 million | 27,046 | 64.10 | 0 | 2.49 million (BRE) |
| 11 | Rhine-Neckar EMR | MA, LU, HD, WO | BW, RP, HE | 2.36 million | 2.93 million | 29,891 | 70.54 | 1 | 0 |
| metropolitan regions in Germany | 57.74 million | 29,412 | 1,698.23 | 34 | 168.75 million | ||||
| Germany | 80.22 million | 28,212 | 2,322.20 | 37 | 191.02 million[21] |
highest score of all metropolitan regions
highest score of all metropolitan areas
See also edit
References edit
- ^ Mitglieder Retrieved 12 June 2009.
- ^ "The European Metropolises and Their Regions: From Economic Landscapes to Metropolitan Networks". 2020. Retrieved June 19, 2020.
- ^ Prof. Dr. Iris Reuther (FG Stadt- und Regionalplanung, Universität Kassel): Presentation "Regiopole Rostock". 11 December 2008, retrieved 13 June 2009 (PDF).
- ^ Hans Heinrich Blotevogel. (in German) https://web.archive.org/web/20100602092219/http://cdl.niedersachsen.de/blob/images/C18102984_L20.pdf. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 June 2010. Retrieved 14 February 2011.
{{cite web}}: Missing or empty|title=(help) - ^ Dr. Radetzki Consult GmbH Archived 2011-07-19 at the Wayback Machine (PDF) Retrieved 14 February 2011.
- ^ "C&W European Cities Monitor 2008: London, Paris and Frankfurt the best business locations in Europe". Archived from the original on 8 July 2011. Retrieved 14 February 2011.
- ^ The World According to GaWC 2020 Retrieved 11 April 2020.
- ^ "Positionierung Europäischer Metropolregionen in Deutschland, Metropolfunktionen in Metropolregionen" (PDF). Bundesamt für Bauwesen und Raumordnung. 2009. p. 3. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 April 2020. Retrieved 14 February 2011.
- ^ a b Regionales Monitoring 2008 - Daten und Karten zu den Europäischen Metropolregionen (EMR) in Deutschland (PDF) Retrieved 22 June 2009.
- ^ "ESPON project 1.4.3: Study on Urban Functions: Final Report" (PDF). Retrieved 22 June 2009. [dead link]
- ^ Regionales Monitoring 2008 - Daten und Karten zu den Europäischen Metropolregionen (EMR) in Deutschland
- ^ Global 500 CNNMoney Retrieved 22 June 2009.
- ^ a b [1] Retrieved 03 November 2015: Daimler, Bosch, LBBW
- ^ Wichtige Kennziffern der Flughafen Stuttgart GmbH Archived 2009-07-14 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 22 June 2009.
- ^ www.region-muenchen.com http://www.region-muenchen.com/. Retrieved 25 June 2009.
{{cite web}}: Missing or empty|title=(help)[title missing] - ^ a b "Region München 2006 Regionaler Planungsverband München" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 July 2011. Retrieved 25 June 2009.
- ^ "Bevölkerungsbilanz in der Stadt-Umland-Region". Archived from the original on 9 February 2009. Retrieved 22 June 2009.
- ^ "Das Tätigkeitsgebiet: Die Region Braunschweig". Archived from the original on 2 June 2009. Retrieved 22 June 2009.
- ^ http://www.hannover-airport.de/189.html Retrieved 22 June 2009. Archived October 30, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Airport Nurnberg". Archived from the original on 12 June 2009. Retrieved 22 June 2009.
- ^ ADV Monatsstatistik / ADV Monthly Traffic Statistics Archived 2009-03-06 at the Wayback Machine (PDF) Retrieved 22 June 2009.